Prepositions

Abscēde is the singular imperative form of abscēdō, abscēdere, abscessī, abscessum (3): to go away, depart. Ab /ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Iānuā is the ablative singular form of iānua, iānuae (1f): door.

Haud (adv.): not, not at all, by no means. Procul (adv.): far (away); from afar. Ab/ ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Cibyrā is the ablative singular form of Cibyra, Cibyrae (1f): a city in Asia Minor (modern Turkey). Aberant is the third person plural imperfect form of absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant.

Nummum is the accusative singular form of nummus, nummī (2m): coin, money; sesterce (standard unit of currency, worth the equivalent of a few modern dollars). Ab/ ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Mē is the ablative form of ego: I (me). Accipe is the singular imperative form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3, –iō): to receive, accept, take.

Repetō, repetere, repetīvī/repetiī, repetītum (3): to return to, make for again; attack again; demand back; recover, get back; repeat. Ab/ā/ abs (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Tē is the ablative form of tū: you. Verrēs is the vocative singular form of Verrēs, Verris (3m): Gaius Verres, Roman magistrate. Monumentum is the accusative singular form of monumentum, monumentī (2n): monument, memorial; tomb. P. : stands for the name Pūblius, Pūbliī (2m)—which would have been in the genitive form here. Āfricānī is the m/n (here m) genitive singular form of Āfricānus/Āfricāna/Āfricānum (1/2): connected with Africa, African—nickname of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, Roman general in the Second Punic War.

(He’s about to recount theories of why the Nile rises.) Ab /ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Antīquissimīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of antīquissimus/antīquissima/antīquissimum (1/2): very old/oldest, very/most ancient—the superlative form of antīquus/antīqua/antīquum (1/2): old, ancient. Incipiam is the first-person singular future form of incipiō, incipere, incēpī, inceptum (3, –iō): to begin.

Ab /ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Hōrā is the ablative singular form of hōra, hōrae (1f): hour (hōra tertia = the third hour (after sunrise)). Tertiā is the feminine ablative singular form of tertius/tertia/tertium (1/2): third. This might correspond roughly to 8:00 am, though it varied with the time of the year. Bibēbātur is the third person singular imperfect passive form of bibō, bibere, bibī, bibitum (3): to drink. Lūdēbātur is the third person singular imperfect passive form of lūdō, lūdere, lūsī, lūsum (3): to play. Vomēbātur is the third person singular imperfect passive form of vomō, vomere, vomuī, vomitum (3): to vomit. (All three verbs are impersonal passive.)

(By philosophers.) Ab /ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Illīs is the m/f/n (here m) ablative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it (these things). Dīcuntur is the third person plural passive form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say.

Ībō is the first-person singular future form of eō, īre, iī/īvī, itum (irreg.): to go. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Portum is the accusative singular form of portus, portūs (4m): port, harbor. Hinc (adv.): from here.

Ībō is the first-person singular future form of eō, īre, iī/īvī, itum (irreg.): to go. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Uxōrem is the accusative singular form of uxor, uxōris (3f): wife. Intrō (adv.): inside, indoors, in (usually with motion, as in I’ll go inside); (less often, without motion) inwardly, on the inside, within.

Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Compositiōnem is the accusative singular form of compositiō, compositiōnis (3f): the act of putting things together; arrangement; arrangement of words or sounds, composition (in prose or music); settlement of a dispute. Trānseāmus is the first-person plural subjunctive form of trānseō, trānsīre, trānsīvī/trānsiī, trānsitum (irreg.): to go over; pass over (to another subject); surpass.

(Not to the gods; affronts to them are another order of business.) Dignitās, dignitātis (3f): worthiness, merit; suitability; status; dignity. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Hominēs is the accusative plural form of homō, hominis (3m): man, human. Pertinet is the third person singular form of pertineō, pertinēre, pertinuī, — (2): to reach; matter, relate, pertain.

Itaque (adv.): and so, hence, therefore. Paucī is the masculine nominative plural form of paucus/pauca/paucum (1/2): few. Veniunt is the third person plural present form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come; happen. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Senectūtem is the accusative singular form of senectūs, senectūtis (3f): old age.

(The sentiment is almost in the present tense, but not quite.) Quidquid is the neuter accusative singular form of quisquis/quidquid (rel. pron. ; the neuter form is also spelled quicquid): whoever, whatever. Faciēs is the second person singular future form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Respice is the singular imperative form of respiciō, respicere, respexī, respectum (3, –iō): to look back (at); look to; consider. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Mortem is the accusative singular form of mors, mortis (3f): death.

Quis /quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Forēs is the accusative plural form of foris, foris (3f, often plural with singular translation): door. Est: is.

(Danger is at hand.) Hannibal, Hannibalis (3m): Hannibal. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Portās is the accusative plural form of porta, portae (1f): gate.

(The veteran knows better.) Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Suspīciōnem is the accusative singular form of suspīciō, suspīciōnis (3f): distrust, suspicion; (slight) notion, thought, idea, inkling; appearance, indication. Vulnus, vulneris (3n): wound. Tīrō, tīrōnis (3m): recruit; beginner. Pallēscit is the third person singular form of pallēscō, pallēscere, palluī, — (3): to grow pale.

(Savage creatures are alarmed by trifles.) Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Umbram is the accusative singular form of umbra, umbrae (1f): shade; shadow. Aspis, aspidis (3f): asp. Exsurgit is the third person singular form of exsurgō, exsurgere, exsurrēxī, exsurrēctum (3): to rise up.

Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Hōram is the accusative singular form of hōra, hōrae (1f): hour. Nōnam is the feminine accusative singular form of nōnus/nōna/nōnum (1/2): ninth. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Ancorīs is the ablative plural form of ancora, ancorae (1f): anchor. Exspectāvit is the third person singular perfect form of exspectō, exspectāre, exspectāvī, exspectātum (1—also expectō): to wait (for); expect; look forward to.

Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Vesperam is the accusative singular form of vespera, vesperae (1f): evening. Cōnsequentur is the third person plural future form of cōnsequor, cōnsequī, cōnsecūtus sum (3, deponent): to follow; catch up with, overtake; attain.

Cōmissātum is the accusative supine of cōmissor, cōmissārī, cōmissātus sum (1, deponent—also cōmisor): to carouse, make merry. Omnēs is the m/f nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Venītōte is the plural future imperative form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Annōs is the accusative plural form of annus, annī (2m): year. Sēdecim (indeclinable numeral): sixteen.

(He’s imagining what God would say about the ease of dying: being cut anywhere on your body can do it.) Nōn: not. Certum is the m/n accusative singular form of certus/certa/certum (1/2): certain, settled, resolved, fixed; definite, specified, particular. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Hōs is the masculine accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Ictūs is the accusative plural form of ictus, ictūs (4m): blow; sting. Dēstinō, dēstināre, dēstināvī, dēstinātum (1): to fasten; fix, establish, appoint, choose (for a specific purpose). Locum is the accusative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place.

Homō, hominis (3m): man, human. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Inmortālium is the m/f/n (here n) genitive plural form of inmortālis/inmortālis/inmortāle (3—also immortālis): immortal. Cognitiōnem is the accusative singular form of cognitiō, cognitiōnis (3f): the acquiring of knowledge; comprehension; study; inquiry, investigation. Nimis (adv.): too (much), excessively. Mortālis /mortālis/mortāle (3): mortal. Est: third person singular present form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrum (irreg.): is.

Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Aquam is the accusative singular form of aqua, aquae (1f): water. Praebendam is the feminine accusative singular form of praebendus/praebenda/praebendum (1/2), the gerundive (to be supplied) of praebeō, praebēre, praebuī, praebitum (2): to put forward, offer, present; provide, furnish, supply. Commodum (adv.): a very short time before, this very minute, just, just now; in the nick of time. Adveniō, advenīre, advēnī, adventum (4): to arrive. Domum is the accusative singular form of domus, domūs (2/4f): house.

Cūr (interrog. adv.): why? Nōn: not. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at, near; until; for; according to (takes the accusative). Praescrīptum is the accusative singular form of praescrīptum, praescrīptī (2n): precept; letters traced for children to follow when learning to write. Tuum is the m/n accusative singular form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Cēnās is the second person singular form of cēnō, cēnāre, cēnāvī, cēnātum (1): to dine.

Ībō is the first-person singular future form of eō, īre, iī/īvī, itum (irreg.): to go. Advorsum (adv.): opposite, facing, in front; toward one; so as to meet one; in opposition. Atque /ac (conj.): and, and also, and then. Ēlectābō is the first-person singular future form of ēlectō, ēlectāre, ēlectāvī, ēlectātum (1): to get out artfully, worm out a secret (a verb distinctive to Plautus).

Quis/ quis /quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Hic/ haec /hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Est: is. Quī/ quae /quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Advorsum (adv.): opposite, facing, in front; toward one; so as to meet one; in opposition. It is the third person singular form of eō, īre, iī/īvī, itum (irreg.): to go, advance, proceed. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I (to/for me).

Regiō, regiōnis (3f): region, territory. Est: it is. Continēns, continentis (3f): mainland, continent (a substantive use of continēns, continēns (3, adj.): uninterrupted; forming a continuous mass; adjacent; temperate—originally the present active participle of contineō, continēre, continuī, contentum (2): to link, connect, hold together; keep; contain; restrain; the substantive version is feminine because the noun terra (1f, meaning land) is implied). Adversus (prep.): opposite, facing, in front of; toward; so as to meet; with regard to; against, in opposition to (takes the accusative). Īnsulam is the accusative singular form of īnsula, īnsulae (1f): island.

Patrium is the m/n accusative singular form of patrius/patria/patrium (1/2): of a father, fatherly, paternal. Deus, deī (2m, irreg.): god, deity. Habet is the third person singular form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Adversus (prep.): opposite, facing, in front of; toward; so as to meet; with regard to; against, in opposition to (takes the accusative). Bonōs is the masculine accusative plural form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Virōs is the accusative plural form of vir, virī (2m): man. Animum is the accusative singular form of animus, animi (2m): mind, soul, spirit; mindset, disposition.

(Sorrows, etc. ; he’s suggesting that this is what God would say.) Animōs is the accusative plural form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit. Vestrōs is the masculine accusative plural form of vester/vestra/vestrum (1/2): your, yours (pl.). Adversus (prep.): opposite, facing, in front of; toward; so as to meet; with regard to; against, in opposition to (takes the accusative). Omnia is the neuter accusative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): every; all. Armō, armāre, armāvī, armātum (1): to arm.

Bōs, bovis (3m/f): ox; bull; cow. Adversus (prep.): opposite, facing, in front of; toward; so as to meet; with regard to; against, in opposition to. Sē: himself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Ipsum is the m/n accusative singular form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/myself/etc. ; in person; the very. Pulverem is the accusative singular form of pulvis, pulveris (3m): dust. Movet is the third person singular form of moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtum (2): to move, stir, set in motion.

Paulō (adv. —also paullō): by a small amount, a little. Ante (adv.): before, earlier, previously. Pictor, pictōris (3m): painter. Imāgine is the ablative singular form of imāgō, imāginis (3f): representation, image; vision; comparison; example. Ūtēbar is the first-person singular imperfect form of ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum (3, deponent): to use (takes an ablative object).

Plūs (adv.): more. Dolet is the third person singular form of doleō, dolēre, doluī, dolitum (2): to suffer, feel pain; grieve (for). Quam (rel. adv.): than. Necesse (adj.): necessary, inevitable. Est: is. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ante (adv.): before, earlier, previously. Dolet is the third person singular form of doleō, dolēre, doluī, dolitum (2): to suffer, feel pain; grieve (for).

(In other words, before the danger is here.) Ante (prep.): before; in front of (takes the accusative). Tubam is the accusative singular form of tuba, tubae (1f): long trumpet; signal for war. Trepidās is the second person singular form of trepidō, trepidāre, trepidāvī, trepidātum (1): to be afraid, nervous, anxious, or in a state of panic; tremble; hurry, hasten.

Moriantur is the third person plural subjunctive form of morior, morī, mortuus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to die (subjunctive because it’s jussive). Ante (prep.): before; in front of (takes the accusative). Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Vitia is the nominative plural form of vitium, vitiī (2n): vice, fault.

Suspendit is the third person singular perfect form of suspendō, suspendere, suspendī, suspēnsum (3): to suspend, hang. Sē: herself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Ante (prep.): before; in front of (takes the accusative). Iānuam is the accusative singular form of iānua, iānuae (1f): door. Eius: his/of him—the m/f/n genitive singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that.

Ita (adv.): thus, so, accordingly. Apud (prep.): at, near, by (denoting location); with, among; in front of, in the presence of; at the house of; in the eyes of; in the writings of. Antium is the accusative singular form of Antium, Antiī (2n): a town in Latium. Dōnum, dōnī (2n): gift, present, offering. Statuitur is the third person singular passive form of statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtum (3): to set up, erect, establish; place (it’s in the historical present).

Quis/quis/ quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Apud (prep.): at, near, by (denoting location); with, among; in front of, in the presence of; at the house of; in the eyes of; in the writings of. Hāsce is the feminine accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.) (the enclitic particle – ce adds emphasis). Aedīs is the accusative plural form of aedis, aedis (3f): temple; (pl. with singular translation) house. Negōtium, negōtī (2n; the genitive can also be negōtiī): occupation, business, affair; official transaction. Est: is there. Tibi is the dative form of tū: you (to/for you).

Pecūnia, pecūniae (1f): money. Apud (prep.): at, near, by (denoting location); with, among; in front of, in the presence of; at the house of; in the eyes of; in the writings of. Egnātium is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of Egnātius/Egnātia/Egnātium (1/2): a Roman family name, here of a friend of Cicero’s; his son (who naturally had the same family name) was part of a failed conspiracy to murder Augustus. Est: is.

Molestus/molesta/ molestum (1/2): annoying, troublesome, tiresome. Sapientem is the accusative singular form of sapiēns, sapientis (3m): wise man, sage. Apud (prep.): at, near, by (denoting location); with, among; in front of, in the presence of; at the house of; in the eyes of; in the writings of. Stultōs is the masculine accusative plural form of stultus/stulta/stultum (1/2): foolish, stupid. Loquor, loquī, locūtus sum (3, deponent): to speak.

(Seeing someone in a rage.) Numquam (adv.): never. Inquit is the third person singular form of inquam (irreg. and defective): to say (inquit = he/she/it says or said). Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Apud (prep.): at, near, by (denoting location); with, among; in front of, in the presence of; at the house of; in the eyes of; in the writings of. Platōnem is the accusative form of Platō, Platōnis (3m): Plato. Videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see.

Apud (prep.): at, near, by (denoting location); with, among; in front of, in the presence of; at the house of; in the eyes of; in the writings of. Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Dīvitiae, dīvitiārum (1f, plural only): wealth, riches. Aliquem is the masculine accusative singular form of aliquī/aliqua/aliquod (adj.): some, a certain. Locum is the accusative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place. Habent is the third person plural present form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (3): to have. Apud (prep.): at, near, by (denoting location); with, among; in front of, in the presence of; at the house of; in the eyes of; in the writings of. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Summum is the m/n accusative singular form of summus/summa/summum (1/2): highest.

Veterēs is the m/f (here m) accusative plural form of vetus, veteris (3, adj.): old, ancient. Id is the neuter accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Solitōs is the masculine accusative plural form of solitus/solita/solitum (1/2), the perfect active participle of soleō, solēre, solitus sum (2 semi-deponent): to be accustomed to (doing something) (it’s completed by an infinitive, and here esse is implied; solitōs esse is the perfect infinitive—to have been accustomed). Appāret is the third person singular form of appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; come into sight, appear; be or become clear, evident, obvious, etc. Apud (prep.): at, near, by (denoting location); with, among; in front of, in the presence of; at the house of; in the eyes of; in the writings of. Plautum is the accusative singular form of Plautus, Plautī (2m): cognomen of Titus Maccius Plautus, early Roman playwright.

Sed (conj.): but. Nōn: not. Passī sunt is the third person masculine plural perfect form of patior, patī, passus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to suffer, undergo; endure; permit, allow. Iī is the masculine nominative plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Quī is the masculine nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Circā (adv.): round about, around; thereabouts. Erant: (they) were—the third person plural imperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.

(Talking about the rainbow.) Sī (conj.): if. Ab /ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Ortū is the ablative singular form of ortus, ortūs (4m): rising, beginning; sunrise; east. Circāve (adv.): round about, around; thereabouts. Surrēxit is the third person singular perfect form of surgō, surgere, surrēxī, surrēctum (3): to rise, get up. Serēna is the neuter accusative plural form of serēnus/serēna/serēnum (1/2): clear, tranquil, serene; (n. pl. used substantively) clear weather. Prōmittit is the third person singular form of prōmittō, prōmittere, prōmīsī, prōmissum (3): to send forth; let (the hair or beard) grow long; promise.

(Why you shouldn’t admire someone because he owns fancy things.) Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Hōrum is the m/n (here n) genitive plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it (of these things). In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Ipsō is the m/n (here m) ablative singular form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (pron.): (he) himself, (she) herself, (it) itself. Est: third person singular form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrum (irreg.): to be. Sed (conj.): but. Circā (prep.): about, around (takes accusative). Ipsum is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (pron.): (he) himself, (she) herself, (it) itself.

(As slaves and butlers are summoned by their master.) Circā (prep.): about, around (takes accusative). Lūcem is the accusative singular form of lūx, lūcis (3f): light. Discurritur is the third person singular passive form of discurrō, discurrere, discurrī, discursum (3): to run different ways, run in all directions, run to and fro, run about (it’s in the impersonal passive).

Circā (prep.): about, around (takes accusative). Praemium is the accusative singular form of praemium, praemiī (2n): prize. Rixa, rixae (1f): quarrel, strife, brawl. Est: is.

Circā (prep.): about, around (takes accusative). Pecūniam is the accusative singular form of pecūnia, pecūniae (1f): money. Plūrimus/plūrima/ plūrimum (1/2): most; very much, very many (neuter used substantively). Vōciferātiō, vōciferātiōnis (3f): clamor, outcry. Est: is.

Plēbēs, plēbēī (5f): plebeians, common people. Contrā (adv.): on the other side, across from one, in front of one, opposite; against one, in opposition; to the contrary; on the other hand; in return; in response. Fremit is the third person singular form of fremō, fremere, fremuī, fremitum (3): to rumble, roar, growl, mutter, grumble; complain (it’s in the historical present).

Contrā (adv.): on the other side, across form one, in front of one, opposite; against one, in opposition; to the contrary; on the other hand; in return; in response. Est: it is.

(The wisest person sees the truth, and the next-wisest accepts the truth when spoken by others, but with stupid people it’s the other way around: the worst accept bad ideas from others.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Stultitiā is the ablative singular form of stultitia, stultitiae (1f): stupidity, foolishness, folly. Contrā (adv.): on the other side, across form one, in front of one, opposite; against one, in opposition; to the contrary; on the other hand; in return; in response. Est: it is.

Erant: there were—the third person plural imperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Contrā (adv.): on the other side, across form one, in front of one, opposite; against one, in opposition; to the contrary; on the other hand; in return; in response. Quī is the masculine nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Tantam is the feminine accusative singular form of tantus/tanta/tantum (1/2): of such size, so great, so much. Fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune, chance, luck. Commūtātiōnem is the accusative singular form of commūtātiō, commūtātiōnis (3f): change, alteration, reversal. Miserārentur is the third person plural imperfect subjunctive form of miseror, miserārī, miserātus sum (1, deponent): to pity, feel sorry for (subjunctive because it’s in a relative clause of characteristic).

Agedum (interjection): come now! come on! —formed from age, the singular imperative form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave (the imperative is used idiomatically to mean come! come on! As an exhortation to do something) and – dum, which adds emphasis to a command. Pauca is the neuter accusative plural form of paucus/pauca/paucum (1/2): few (used substantively: a few things/words). Accipe is the singular imperative form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3, –iō): to receive, accept; hear. Contrā (adv.): on the other side, across form one, in front of one, opposite; against one, in opposition; to the contrary; on the other hand; in return; in response.

Quis /quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Illic /illaec/illuc (pron.): that; he, she, it. Est: is. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Contrā (prep.): across from, in front of, facing, opposite; against; contrary to (with accusative). Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Astat is the third person singular form of astō, astāre, astitī, — (1): to stand near, stand by.

(Side = latus, lateris (3n); he’s describing Britain as having a roughly triangular shape.) Tertius/tertia/ tertium (1/2): third. Est: is. Contrā (prep.): across from, in front of, facing, opposite; against; contrary to (with accusative). Septentriōnēs is the accusative plural form of septentriō, septentriōnis (3m, often plural): the seven stars near the north pole (Ursa Major/Minor); the north.

Contrā (prep.): across from, in front of, facing, opposite; against; contrary to (with accusative). Torrentem is the accusative singular form of torrēns, torrentis (3m): rushing stream, torrent; current. Nītor, nītī, nīxus/nīsus sum (3, deponent): to rest on; press forward; strain, strive, struggle.

Aliquis/aliquis/ aliquid (pron.): someone, something; anyone, anything. Contrā (prep.): across from, in front of, facing, opposite; against; contrary to (with accusative). Nātūram is the accusative singular form of nātūra, nātūrae (1f): nature. Bonum, bonī (2n): a good thing, a good. Est: is.

Reliquās is the feminine accusative plural form of reliquus/reliqua/reliquum (1/2): left, remaining, the rest of. Cōpiās is the accusative plural form of cōpia, cōpiae (1f): abundance, plenty; means, opportunity; troop, (in pl.) troops, force(s); (in pl.) resources. Contrā (prep.): across from, in front of, facing, opposite; against; contrary to (with accusative). Labiēnum is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of Labiēnus/Labiēna/Labiēnum (1/2): a Roman family name, here of Titus Labienus, one of Caesar’s lieutenants. Dūxērunt is the third person plural form of dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum (3): to lead, guide, bring, take (to a place); draw; think, consider.

Contrā (prep.): across from, in front of, facing, opposite; against; contrary to (with accusative). Opīniōnem is the accusative singular form of opīniō, opīniōnis (3f): opinion, belief; expectation; reputation. Iugurtha, Iugurthae (1m): an African king. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at (takes the accusative). Thalam is the accusative singular form of Thala, Thalae (1f): town in northwest Africa. Perveniunt is the third person plural form of perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventum (4): to come (all the way to a place), arrive (it’s in the historical present).

(Animals are born knowing how to do certain things.) Cum (prep.): with (takes ablative). Hāc is the feminine ablative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Scientiā is the ablative singular form of scientia, scientiae (1f): knowledge. Prōdeunt is the third person plural form of prōdeō, prōdīre, prōdiī, prōditum (irreg.): to come forth; advance; appear.

Nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, — (irreg.): to be unwilling, not want. Habitō, habitāre, habitāvī, habitātum (1): to inhabit, dwell, live (in a place). Cum (prep.): with (takes ablative). Adversāriō is the ablative singular form of adversārius, adversāriī (2m): enemy, adversary, rival. Meō is the m/n ablative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine.

Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Hāc is the feminine ablative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Tū: you. Lacrimās is the accusative plural form of lacrima, lacrimae (1f): tear (from crying). Tuās is the feminine accusative plural form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Miscuistī is the second person singular perfect form of misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mixtum/mistum (2): to mix, blend, mingle.

Magnō is the m/n ablative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large. Loquor, loquī, locūtus sum (3, deponent): to speak. Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Dolōre is the ablative singular form of dolor, dolōris (3m): pain.

Itaque (adv.): and so, therefore. Mēcum: with me (mē = me; cum = with). Studē is the singular imperative form of studeō, studēre, studuī, — (2): to be diligent, apply oneself; study. Cēnā is the singular imperative form of cēnō, cēnāre, cēnāvī, cēnātum (1): to dine. Ambulā is the singular imperative form of ambulō, ambulāre, ambulāvī, ambulātum (1): to walk.

Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I. Tēcum: with you (tē = you; cum = with). Fortūna is the vocative singular form of fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune, luck; fate.

Quisquis/ quidquid (rel. pron. ; the neuter form is also spelled quicquid): whoever, whatever. Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Potest is the third person singular form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Bonum is the m/n accusative singular form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Tēcum: with you (tē = you; cum = with). Est: is.

Vīvēs is the second person singular future form of vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live. Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Tuīs is the m/f/n (here m) ablative plural form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Nōbīscum: with us (nōbīs = us; cum = with).

Vir, virī (2m): man; husband. Hic /haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Est: is. Illīus is the m/f/n genitive singular form of ille/illa/illud (adj.): that. Mulier, mulieris (3f): woman. Quācum: with whom (quā is the feminine ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what; cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative)). Accubat is the third person singular form of accubō, accubāre, —, — (1): to lie, recline.

Quīcum: with whom (quī is an alternative m/f/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.); cum = with). Hic/ haec /hoc (adj.): this. Mulier, mulieris (3f): woman. Loquitur is the third person singular form of loquor, loquī, locūtus sum (3, deponent): to speak.

Hic /haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Quō is the m/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Lūdis is the second person singular form of lūdō, lūdere, lūsī, lūsum (3): to play. Timet is the third person singular form of timeō, timēre, timuī, — (2): to fear, be afraid.

In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Servitūtem is the accusative singular form of servitūs, servitūtis (3f): slavery. Cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; according to; about, concerning (takes ablative). Rēgnō is the ablative singular form of rēgnum, rēgnī (2n): kingdom, territory; kingship. Gravis/gravis/ grave (3): heavy; grave, serious; hard, grievous, painful. Est: it is.

Bene (adv.): well. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; according to; about, concerning (takes ablative). Tē is the ablative form of tū: you. Merēbimur is the first person plural future form of mereor, merērī, meritus sum (2, deponent): to earn; deserve.

Etiam (particle): still; also; even. Sī (conj.): if. Cecidit is the third person singular perfect form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; according to; about, concerning (takes ablative). Genū is the ablative singular form of genū, genūs (4n): knee. Pugnat is the third person singular form of pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātum (1): to fight.

Cōgitēmus is the first-person plural subjunctive form of cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think, reflect; plan, intend (a hortatory subjunctive). Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Pereō, perīre, periī, peritum (irreg.): to disappear; be destroyed, perish, die. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; according to; about, concerning (takes ablative). Nostrō is the m/n ablative singular form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours (neuter used substantively: our own, our possession, that which belongs to us).

Sī (conj.): if. Fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune, chance, luck. Volet is the third person singular future form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish. Fīēs is the second person singular future form of fīō, fierī, —, — (irreg.): to be done; be made; become; happen. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; according to; about, concerning (takes ablative). Rhētore is the ablative singular form of rhētor, rhētoris (3m): teacher of rhetoric; rhetorician. Cōnsul, cōnsulis (3m): consul.

Armātaeque is the feminine nominative plural form of armātus/armāta/armātum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (armed) of armō, armāre, armāvī, armātum (1): to arm (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Rogum is the accusative singular form of rogus, rogī (2m): funeral pyre. Celebrant is the third person plural form of celebrō, celebrāre, celebrāvī, celebrātum (1): to crowd, fill; celebrate, solemnize, honor with crowds or ceremony. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; according to; about, concerning (takes ablative). Mōre is the ablative singular form of mōs, mōris (3m): habit, custom; (in the plural) morals, character. Cohortēs is the nominative plural form of cohors, cohortis (3f): yard, pen; crowd; (military) company, division, cohort.

Quā is the feminine ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; according to; about, concerning (sometimes idiomatically translated as for, especially when combined with causā or causīs) (takes ablative). Causā is the ablative singular form of causa, causae (1f): cause, reason; (legal) case; situation. Scīs is the second person singular form of sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know; know how to.

Hīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; according to; about, concerning (sometimes idiomatically translated as for, especially when combined with causā or causīs) (takes ablative). Causīs is the ablative plural form of causa, causae (1f): cause, reason; (legal) case; situation. Aguntur is the third person plural passive form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, put in motion; do, perform; act (it’s in the historical present). Omnia is the neuter nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): every; all; (n. pl. used substantively) all things, everything. Raptim (adv.): hastily. Atque /ac (conj.): and, and also, and then. Turbātē (adv.): in a confused or disorderly manner.

Idem is the neuter accusative singular form of īdem/eadem/idem (pron.): the same. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; according to; about, concerning (takes ablative). Virtūtibus is the ablative plural form of virtūs, virtūtis (3f): virtue, moral excellence; courage, valor. Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say.

Oculīs is the dative plural form of oculus, oculī (2m): eye. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; according to; about, concerning (takes ablative). Homine is the ablative singular form of homō, hominis (3m): man, human. Nōn: not. Crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; believe; trust (the person or thing trusted goes in the dative).

Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; according to; about, concerning (takes ablative). Sē: himself—the ablative form of the reflexive pronoun. Nōn: not. Mē is the ablative form of ego: I (me). Querētur is the third person singular future form of queror, querī, questus sum (3, deponent): to complain; make a complaint in court.

Servī is the nominative plural form of servus, servī (2m): slave. Ex/ ē (prep.): out of, from; of; in accordance with (takes the ablative). Cubiculō is the ablative singular form of cubiculum, cubiculī (2n): bedroom. Recessērunt is the third person plural perfect form of recēdō, recēdere, recessī, recessum (3): to recede, retreat, withdraw.

Omnem is the m/f accusative singular form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from; of; in accordance with (takes the ablative). Animō is the ablative singular form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul; will, intention. Ērāde is the singular imperative form of ērādō, ērādere, ērāsī, ērāsum (3): to scratch out, scrape away; delate, erase, eradicate. Nēquitiam is the accusative singular form of nēquitia, nēquitiae (1f): moral badness or worthlessness, wickedness, vice, depravity.

Magnam is the feminine accusative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large; important. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from; of; in accordance with (takes the ablative). Epistulā is the ablative singular form of epistula, epistulae (1f—also epistola): letter. Tuā is the feminine ablative singular form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Percipiō, percipere, percēpī, perceptum (3, –iō): to harvest, reap; acquire, get, derive; perceive, feel; grasp mentally. Voluptātem is the accusative singular form of voluptās, voluptātis (3f): pleasure.

Uter /utra/utrum (interrog. pron. , 1/2, irreg.): which (of two)? Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from; of; in accordance with (takes the ablative). Hīs is the m/f/n (here m) ablative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it (these). Sapiēns, sapientis (3, adj. and m. noun): wise; wise man. Tibi is the dative form of tū: you (to you). Vidētur is the third person singular passive form of video, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see; (in the passive) seem.

Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Ego: I. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from; of; in accordance with (takes the ablative). Tē is the ablative form of tū: you. Audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen to.

Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from; of; in accordance with (takes the ablative). Eō is the m/n ablative singular form of is/ea/id (adj.): this, that. Tempore is the ablative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Duās is the feminine accusative form of duo/duae/duo (irreg.): two. Partēs is the accusative plural form of pars, partis (3f): part, share; party. Discessit is the third person singular perfect form of discēdō, discēdere, discessī, discessum (3): to part company, separate; depart, move away. Cīvitās, cīvitātis (3f): citizenship; state, city-state; citizenry, the citizens of a state.

Ex/ ē (prep.): out of, from; of; in accordance with (takes the ablative). Plūribus is the m/f/n ablative form of plūrēs/plūrēs/plūra (3): more numerous, more (in number); the greater number; many. Ūnus/ūna/ ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one; alone; only, sole, single.

Nōn: not. Fuit is the third person singular perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Ūnus /ūna/ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one; alone; only, sole, single. Ex/ ē (prep.): out of, from; of; in accordance with (takes the ablative). Multīs is the m/f/n (here m) ablative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many.

(He also made them out of bronze; you can create virtue out of whatever life gives you.) Nōn: not. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from; of; in accordance with (takes the ablative). Ebore is the ablative singular form of ebur, eboris (3n): ivory. Tantum (adv.): only. Phīdiās, Phīdiae (1m, with some unusual features because it’s from Greek): a famous Greek sculptor. Sciēbat is the third person singular imperfect form of sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know; know how. Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Simulācra is the accusative plural form of simulācrum, simulācrī (2n): likeness, image; statue.

(That is, a creditor took the property of a debtor.) Bona is the accusative plural form of bonum, bonī (2n): a good; (in pl.) possessions. Omnia is the neuter accusative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): every; all. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from; of; in accordance with (takes the ablative). Lēge is the ablative singular form of lēx, lēgis (3f): law. Occupāvit is the third person singular perfect form of occupō, occupāre, occupāvī, occupātum (1): to occupy; seize.

Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from; of; in accordance with (takes the ablative). Rē is the ablative singular form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; interest. Tuā is the feminine ablative singular form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Ut (rel. adv.): as. Opīnor, opīnārī, opīnātus sum (1, deponent): to think (ut opīnor (colloquially): according to my opinion). Fēceris is the second person singular future perfect form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make.

Concors, concordis (3, adj.): united, harmonious. Et (conj.): and. Ex/ ē (prep.): out of, from; of; in accordance with (takes the ablative) (ex/ē rē pūblicā = in the interest of the state, in the public interest). #(see pūblicā)% Rē is the ablative singular form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; interest. #(see pūblicā)% Pūblicā is the feminine ablative singular form of pūblicus/pūblica/pūblicum (1/2): public, of the state (rēs pūblica = the republic, the state; the public interest, the common good of the state). Cēnsūra, cēnsūrae (1f): censorship (i.e., the office of censor; not the act of suppressing speech); appraisal; oversight in moral matters. Fuit: (it) was—the third person singular perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.

(He’s talking about people who are close to wisdom but not there yet.) Etiam (particle): still; also; even. Quī/quae/ quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Prope (adv.): near, nearby. Est: is. Extrā (adv.): outside. Est: is.

(In reply to: what reward will virtue give you for being virtuous?) Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Fēceris is the second person singular future perfect form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Tibi is the dative form of tū: you. Extrā (adv.): outside (here outside (that) = besides, other than that). Prōmittitur is the third person singular passive form of prōmittō, prōmittere, prōmīsī, prōmissum (3): to send forth; promise.

Extrā (prep.): outside (of) (takes accusative). Oppidum is the accusative singular form of oppidum, oppidī (2n): town. Eā is the feminine ablative singular form of is/ea/id (adj.): this, that. Nocte is the ablative singular form of nox, noctis (3f): night. Mānsit is the third person singular perfect form of maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsum (2): to remain, stay; wait for, await.

(Describing the fate of a noble nature.) Pōnet is the third person singular future form of pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum (3): to place, put. Sē: himself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Extrā (prep.): outside (of) (takes accusative). Iūs is the accusative singular form of iūs, iūris (3n): law, justice, right. Diciōnemque is the accusative singular form of diciō, diciōnis (3f): authority, dominion (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune.

(He’s saying that we can’t control fear and desire once we give in to them.) Quārē (interrog. adv.): why? Quia (conj.): because. Extrā (prep.): outside (of) (takes accusative). Nōs is the accusative form of nōs: we (us). Sunt: (they) are. Quibus is the m/f/n (here n) ablative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Inrītantur is the third person plural passive form of inrītō, inrītāre, inrītāvī, inrītātum (1)—also irrītō): to excite, provoke, stir up, irritate.

(Condemnation without a hearing.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Caelō is the ablative singular form of caelum, caelī (2n): sky, heaven. Nōn: not. Fit is the third person singular form of fīō, fierī, —, — (irreg.): to be done; be made; happen; become.

(Of a ship.) Sedēbāmus is the first-person plural imperfect form of sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessum (2): to sit. Ergō (particle): therefore, then. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Puppī is the ablative singular form of puppis, puppis (1f): stern (rear) of a boat. Simul (adv.): at the same time, simultaneously; together. Ūniversī is the masculine nominative plural form of ūniversus/ūniversa/ūniversum (1/2): the whole of, all (especially all at the same time, as one body).

Tōtus /tōta/tōtum (1/2, irreg.): whole, entire, all. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Vultū is the ablative singular form of vultus, vultūs (4m): (facial) expression; face; appearance. Est: is. Dolor, dolōris (3m): pain, grief, sorrow.

Est: there is. Aliquis/aliqua/ aliquid (pron.): someone, something; anyone, anything. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Illō is the m/n ablative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Stōicī is the m/n genitive singular form of Stōicus/Stōica/Stōicum (1/2): Stoic. Deus, deī (2m, irreg.): god.

Ecce (interj.): behold! see! here is! In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Mediā is the feminine ablative singular form of medius/media/medium (1/2): middle (this adjective often occurs where English would use middle as a noun followed by of). Tempestāte is the ablative singular form of tempestās, tempestātis (3f): time, season; weather; storm. Tranquillitās, tranquillitātis (3f): tranquility, calmness (of weather, mind, or affairs), serenity.

(He’s imagining an argument of Carneades, a Greek skeptic.) Est: is. Autem (particle): on the other hand, but, however; and, moreover. Aliquis/aliqua/ aliquid (pron.): someone, something; anyone, anything. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Nostrā is the feminine ablative singular form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Potestāte is the ablative singular form of potestās, potestātis (3f): power, ability; control; authority.

Cōnstitit is the third person singular perfect form of cōnsistō, cōnsistere, cōnstitī, — (3): to stop, halt; take up a position, stand; stand still. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Saxō is the ablative singular form of saxum, saxī (2n): rock.

(Those who joined Catiline’s conspiracy.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into. Iīs is the m/f/n (here m) ablative plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Erat: (there) was—the third person singular imperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Fulvius /Fulvia/Fulvium (1/2): Roman family name. Senātor, senātōris (3m): senator. Fīlius, fīliī (2m): son.

Pergam is the first-person singular future form of pergō, pergere, perrēxī, perrēctum (3): to make one’s way, go on, proceed, continue. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into. Aedīs is the accusative plural form of aedēs, aedis (3f—also aedis): temple; (in pl.) house (translates as singular). Nunciam (adv.): right now, this instant.

Ego: I. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into. Caelum is the accusative singular form of caelum, caelī (2n): sky, heaven; climate. Migrō, migrāre, migrāvī, migrātum (1): to migrate, move, change residence, depart.

(. . . and anger drove him into his madness.) Aiācem is the accusative singular form of Aiāx, Aiācis (3m): Ajax (Greek hero of the Iliad who commits suicide at the end of the Trojan war). In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into. Mortem is the accusative singular form of mors, mortis (3f): death. Ēgit is the third person singular perfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, put in motion; do, perform, deal with, be engaged in; act. Furor, furōris (3m): madness; rage, fury.

Dum (conj.): while, as; until; as long as, provided that (the meaning while often takes a present-tense verb when referring to the past). Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Petō, petere, petīvī/petiī, petītum (3): to direct one’s course to, make for; ask; seek; attack. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into. Illam is the feminine accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Incidō, incidere, incidī, incāsum (3): to fall upon; happen (to), befall.

(Calling for an ugly civil war.) Frāter, frātris (3m): brother. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into, (up)on (with motion). Frātrem is the accusative singular form of frāter, frātris (3m): brother. Ruat is the third person singular subjunctive form of ruō, ruere, ruī, ruitūrus (3): to rush; fall, collapse.

(The this is virtue (virtūs, virtūtis (3f)); the parts are moderation, bravery, prudence, etc.) Hanc is the feminine accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into. Partēs is the accusative plural form of pars, partis (3f): part. Dīvīsimus is the first person plural perfect form of dīvidō, dīvidere, dīvīsī, dīvīsum (3): to divide.

(Most offenses, that is.) Plēraque is the neuter nominative plural form of plērusque/plēraque/plērumque (1/2): most. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into. Lūsum is the accusative singular form of lūsus, lūsūs (4m): play, sport, game. Iocumque is the accusative singular form of iocus, iocī (2m): joke (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Vertantur is the third person plural passive subjunctive form of vertō, vertere, vertī, versum (3): to turn; turn around, reverse (a jussive subjunctive).

(An old crow has been been explaining his tricks to avoid death: respect the strong and despise the helpless.) Ideō (adv.): for that reason, therefore, on that account. Senectam is the accusative singular form of senecta, senectae (1f): old age. Mīlle: thousand. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into; up to, for (a given time). Annōs is the accusative plural form of annus, annī (2m): year. Prōrogō, prōrogāre, prōrogāvī, prōrogātum (1): to prolong, extend, continue.

In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into; in (a given manner). Hunc is the masculine accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Modum is the accusative singular form of modus, modī (2m): quantity; measure; limit; moderation; way, manner. Fīlia, fīliae (1f): daughter. Iniūriam is the accusative singular form of iniūria, iniūriae (1f): injury, wrong, insult. Tulit is the third person singular perfect form of ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum (3, irreg.): to carry; carry off, take away; bear; endure.

Largissimus /largissima/largissimum (1/2): most generous—the superlative form of largus/larga/largum (1/2): abundant; generous, liberal. Fuit: he was—the third person singular perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into; to, toward. Amīcōs is the accusative plural form of amīcus, amīcī (2m): friend.

Dīc is the singular imperative form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, speak. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into; against. Avāritiam is the accusative singular form of avāritia, avāritiae (1f): greed. Luxuriam is the accusative singular form of luxuria, luxuriae (1f): luxury, extravagance.

(Good men who suffer; he means they teach endurance by their example.) Nātī sunt is the third person masculine plural perfect form of nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum (3, deponent): to be born. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into; for (a purpose or result). Exemplar is the accusative singular form of exemplar, exemplāris (3n): pattern, model, exemplar, example; copy, reproduction.

(The idea of a memorial is to create continued memory; therefore “memory” is a purpose, a figurative end of motion, and goes in the accusative.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at, among; (with acc.) into; for (here idiomatically in). Memoriam is the accusative singular form of memoria, memoriae (1f): memory.

Est: is. Iūdaeam is the accusative singular form of Iūdaea, Iūdaeae (1f): southwestern part of Palestine; the country of the Jewish people. Inter (prep.): among; between; in the course of, during (takes the accusative). Syriamque is the accusative singular form of Syria, Syriae (1f): Syria (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Carmēlus, Carmēlī (2m): a mountain located in current-day Israel.

Inter (prep.): among; between; in the course of, during (takes the accusative). Caecōs is the accusative plural form of caecus/caeca/caecum (1/2): blind; invisible. Rēgnat is the third person singular form of rēgnō, rēgnāre, rēgnāvī, rēgnātum (1): to reign. Strabus /straba/strabum (1/2): squinting, cross-eyed.

Malī is the masculine nominative plural form of malus/mala/malum (1/2): bad; evil, wicked. Inter (prep.): among; between; in the course of, during (takes the accusative). Malōs is the masculine accusative plural form of malus/mala/malum (1/2): bad; evil, wicked. Vīvimus is the first-person plural form of vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live.

Nōn: not. Est: it is. Facilis/facilis/ facile (3): easy. Inter (prep.): among; between; in the course of, during (takes the accusative). Magna is the neuter accusative plural form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): large, great. Mala is the accusative plural form of malum, malī (2n): evil; misfortune, disaster. Cōnsipiō, cōnsipere, —, — (3, –iō): to be sane, be of sound mind.

Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Inter (prep.): among; between; in the course of, during (takes the accusative). Cēnam is the accusative singular form of cēna, cēnae (1f): dinner. Tīrōnī is the dative singular form of Tīrō, Tīrōnis (3m): cognomen (nickname) of Cicero’s secretary. Dictō, dictāre, dictāvī, dictātum (1): to dictate.

Prōsunt is the third person plural form of prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrus (irreg.): to benefit, serve, be helpful. Inter (prep.): among; between; in the course of, during (takes the accusative). Sē: themselves—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Bonī is the masculine nominative plural form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good (used substantively: good men).

Vagus /vaga/vagum (1/2): roving, wandering. Intrā (adv.): within, inside. Terror, terrōris (3m): great fear, terror. Oberrat is the third person singular form of oberrō, oberrāre, oberrāvī, oberrātum (1): to wander (up), advance this way and that; hover before.

(. . . while the corrupting parts of them are plainly visible. He’s talking to an Epicurean.) Honesta is the neuter nominative plural form of honestus/honesta/honestum (1/2): honorable, noble. Praecepta is the nominative plural form of praeceptum, praeceptī (2n): piece of advice or teaching, precept; instruction. Intrā (adv.): within, inside. Latent is the third person plural form of lateō, latēre, latuī, — (2): to be hidden, hide, lurk; be obscure or unknown.

(He’s talking about an asthma attack.) Intrā (prep.): within, inside (takes accusative). Hōram is the accusative singular form of hōra, hōrae (1f): hour. Ferē (adv.): approximately, about; nearly; usually. Dēsinit is the third person singular form of dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to leave off, stop, end, cease.

Nūllus/nūlla/ nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any. Intrā (prep.): within, inside (takes accusative). Sē: itself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Manet is the third person singular form of maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsum (2): to remain, stay. Vitium, vitiī (2n): vice, fault.

Sacer /sacra/sacrum (1/2): sacred. Intrā (prep.): within, inside (takes accusative). Nōs is the accusative form of nōs: we (us). Spīritus, spīritūs (4m): breath; spirit. Sedet is the third person singular form of sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessum (2): to sit; lodge.

(That is, over his mouth—to stop his spirit from escaping when he sleeps.) Follem is the accusative singular form of follis, follis (3m): bag or sack. Obstringit is the third person singular form of obstringō, obstringere, obstrīnxī, obstrictum (3): to constrictfine; tie, bind. Ob (prep.): toward; against, in front of, in the way of (so as to block); because of, for (takes the accusative). Gulam is the accusative singular form of gula, gulae (1f): throat, palate.

Mors, mortis (3f): death. Ob (prep.): toward; against, in front of, in the way of (so as to block); because of, for (takes the accusative). Oculōs is the accusative plural form of oculus, oculī (2m): eye. Saepe (adv.): often. Versāta est is the third person feminine singular perfect passive form of versō, versāre, versāvī, versātum (1): to turn over, spin, whirl, twist; (in the passive) to be constantly in a certain place, situation, activity, etc. ; dwell, remain; be involved in, concern oneself with.

(Suffering on account of someone else’s error.) Ob (prep.): towards; against, in front of, in the way of (so as to block); because of, for (a reason) (takes the accusative). Textor, textōris (3m): weaver. Errātum is the accusative singular form of errātum, errātī (2n): error, mistake.

Ob (prep.): towards; against, in front of, in the way of (so as to block); because of, for (a reason) (takes the accusative). Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Prōfice is the singular imperative form of prōficiō, prōficere, prōfēcī, prōfectum (3, –iō): to advance, progress; achieve; profit; benefit. Ut (conj. , with subjunctive): that, so that, in order to. Amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love. Discās is the second person singular subjunctive form of discō, discere, didicī, discitūrus (3): to learn.

Quam is the feminine accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Ob (prep.): towards; against, in front of, in the way of (so as to block); because of, for (a reason) (takes the accusative). Causam is the accusative singular form of causa, causae (1f): cause, reason; case.

Cēterī is the masculine nominative plural form of cēterus/cētera/cēterum (1/2): the rest (of), (all) the others. Vādunt is the third person plural form of vādō, vādere, vāsī, — (3): to go, rush. Per (prep.): through; throughout; by, by means of, by the agency of; during (takes the accusative). Opāca is the neuter accusative plural form of opācus/opāca/opācum (1/2): shaded, dark, obscure (used substantively). Tristēs is the masculine nominative plural form of tristis, tristis (3): sad, sorrowful.

Iuvat is the third person singular form of iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtum (1): to help, benefit, avail; delight, gratify, please. Per (prep.): through; throughout; by, by means of, by the agency of; during (takes the accusative). Ipsōs is the masculine accusative plural form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/oneself/myself/etc. ; in person; the very. Ingredior, ingredī, ingressus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to go into, enter; move forward, advance; embark (on an activity), begin. Stygiōs is the masculine accusative plural form of Stygius/Stygia/Stygium (1/2): Stygian, of the Styx. Lacūs is the accusative plural form of lacus, lacūs (4m): lake, pond, pool.

Torpor, torpōris (3m): numbness; sluggishness, inactivity. Īnsēdit is the third person singular perfect form of īnsīdō, īnsīdere, īnsēdī, īnsessum (3): to sit or settle (upon). Per (prep.): through; throughout; by, by means of, by the agency of; during (takes the accusative). Artūs is the accusative plural form of artus, artūs (4m): joint; arm or leg, limb.

(Where one tries to win an argument regardless of the merits.) Per (prep.): through; throughout; by, by means of, by the agency of; during (takes the accusative). Fās (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): something that is right or permissible (primarily by divine law but sometimes extended to other types of right). Et (conj.): and. Nefās (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): a wrong, wicked or sacrilegious act; a thing forbidden (primarily by divine law but sometimes extended to other types of wrong).

(Advice on rearing a child.) Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Per (prep.): through; throughout; by, by means of, by the agency of; during (takes the accusative). Īrācundiam is the accusative singular form of īrācundia, īrācundiae (1f): irascibility, hastiness of temper, proneness to anger; anger. Exōret is the third person singular subjunctive form of exōrō, exōrāre, exōrāvī, exōrātum (1): to persuade, win over; obtain by entreaty (subjunctive because it’s jussive).

(That is, his other wars—besides the two that he conducted himself.) Reliqua is the neuter accusative plural form of reliquus/reliqua/reliquum (1/2): left, remaining, the rest. Per (prep.): through; throughout; by, by means of, by the agency of; during (takes the accusative). Lēgātōs is the accusative plural form of lēgātus, lēgātī (2m): ambassador, envoy, deputy, delegate. Administrāvit is the third person singular perfect form of administrō, administrāre, administrāvī, administrātum (1): to assist; manage, control, direct, carry out.

Dīgladientur is the third person plural subjunctive form of dīgladior, dīgladiārī, dīgladiātus sum (1, deponent): to fight for life and death (subjunctive because it’s jussive). Illī is the masculine nominative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Per (prep.): through; throughout; by, by means of, by the agency of; during (takes the accusative). Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Licet, licēre, licuit/licitum est (2): it is allowed, it is permitted, it is possible (impersonal).

(That is, above foolishness; everyone needs help.) Nēmō, nēminis (3m): no one. Per (prep.): through; throughout; by, by means of, by the agency of; during (takes the accusative). Sē: himself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Satis (adv.): enough. Valet is the third person singular form of valeō, valēre, valuī, valitum (2): to be healthy or strong; be worth; be of effect. Ut (conj. , with subjunctive): that, so that. Ēmergat is the third person singular subjunctive form of ēmergō, ēmergere, ēmersī, ēmersum (3): to come up out of the water; emerge; come forth, appear; raise oneself up, extricate oneself.

Sed (conj.): but. Properā is the singular imperative form of properō, properāre, properāvī, properātum (1): to hasten, hurry. Per (prep.): through; throughout; by, by means of, by the agency of; during (takes the accusative). Deōs is the accusative plural form of deus, deī (2m, irreg.): god, deity.

Rōmae is the locative singular form of Rōma, Rōmae (1f): Rome. Per (prep.): through; throughout; by, by means of, by the agency of; during (takes the accusative). Idem is the neuter accusative singular form of īdem/eadem/idem (adj.): the same. Tempus is the accusative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. Duo /duae/duo (irreg.): two. Maximī is the masculine nominative plural form of maximus/maxima/maximum (1/2): greatest, very great—the superlative form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large. Fuērunt: there were—the third person plural perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Terrōrēs is the nominative plural form of terror, terrōris (3m): great fear, terror; object of fear, cause of alarm.

Senātus, senātūs (4m): senate. Per (prep.): through; throughout; by, by means of, by the agency of; during (takes the accusative). Tōtum is the m/n accusative singular form of tōtus/tōta/tōtum (1/2, irreg.): whole, entire. Diem is the accusative singular form of diēs, diēī (5 m/f): day. Saepe (adv.): often. Cōnsulitur is the third person singular passive form of cōnsulō, cōnsulere, cōnsuluī, cōnsultum (3): to consult, deliberate, ask one’s opinion; give thought to.

Andromachēn is the accusative singular form of Andromachē, Andromachēs (1f, Greek declension): Andromache, tall wife of Hector. Ab/ ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Fronte is the ablative singular form of frōns, frontis (3f): forehead, brow; front, façade; that which is outwardly visible, appearance. Vidēbis is the second person singular future form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. Post (adv.): behind (sometimes from behind); afterward, later. Minor/ minor /minus (3): smaller, lesser; less important—the comparative form of parvus/parva/parvum (1/2): small, little; unimportant. Est: she is.

Ego: I. Post (adv.): behind; afterward, later. Tibi: to you—the dative form of tū: you. Reddam is the first-person singular future form of reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditum (3): to give back, return. Duplex is the neuter accusative singular form of duplex, duplicis (3, adj.): twofold, double.

Sciēs is the second person singular future form of sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know. Haud (adv.): not, not at all, by no means. Multō (adv.): much, by much. Post (adv.): behind; afterward, later.

(He’s narrating a voyage.) Post (prep.): behind; after (takes accusative). Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Erat: was—the third person singular imperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Aegīna, Aegīnae (1f): Greek island.

Tū: you. Post (prep.): behind; after (takes accusative). Cārecta is the accusative plural form of cārectum, cārectī (2n): a bed of sedge or field of rushes (marshy grasses). Latēbās is the second person singular imperfect form of lateō, latēre, latuī, — (3): to hide, lurk; be obscure or unknown.

Repente (adv.): suddenly. Post (prep.): behind; after (takes accusative). Tergum is the accusative singular form of tergum, tergī (2n): back, rear. Equitātus, equitātūs (4m): cavalry. Cernitur is the third person singular passive form of cernō, cernere, crēvī, crētum (3): to discern, perceive, see (it’s in the historical present).

Post (prep.): behind; after (takes accusative). Haec is the neuter accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it (these things). Ait is the third person singular form of aiō (3, defective): to say.

(But you never know.) Post (prep.): behind; after (takes accusative). Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Morior, morī, mortuus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to die. Dēbet is the third person singular form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought.

Hic/haec/ hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Erit is the third person singular future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrum (irreg.): to be Post (prep.): behind; after (takes accusative). Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Quī/quae/ quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ante (prep.): before; in front of (takes accusative). Fuit is the third person singular perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrum (irreg.): to be.

Eam is the feminine accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Postquam (conj.): after. Peperit is the third person singular perfect form of pariō, parere, peperī, partum (3): to give birth to; beget; get, acquire. Iussit is the third person singular perfect form of iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussum (2): to order, command, bid. Parvam is the feminine accusative singular form of parvus/parva/parvum (1/2): small, little; unimportant. Prōicī is the passive infinitive form of prōiciō, prōicere, prōiēcī, prōiectum (3, –iō): to throw or fling forth, cast away, reject; delay.

Iacet is the third person singular form of iaceō, iacēre, iacuī, iacitum (2): to lie (in a certain place or state); lie dead. Post (prep.): behind; after (takes accusative). Āmissum is the m/n accusative singular form of āmissus/āmissa/āmissum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (having been lost) of āmittō, āmittere, āmīsī, āmissum (3): to lose; let go. Scaurus, Scaurī (2m): Scaurus, Roman cognomen. Exercitum is the accusative singular form of exercitus, exercitūs (4m): army.

Eunt is the third person plural form of eō, īre, iī/īvī, itum (irreg.): to go, advance, proceed. Praeter (adv.): past, by, across; in addition, besides. Sēcūra is the neuter nominative plural form of sēcūrus/sēcūra/sēcūrum (1/2): unconcerned, serene; secure. Armenta is the nominative plural form of armentum, armentī (2n): cattle, oxen; herd. Gregēsque is the nominative plural form of grex, gregis (3m): flock, pack; group.

(Crimes, evils—they’re everywhere and aren’t even hidden anymore.) Praeter (prep.): past, by, across; beyond; contrary to; besides, except, aside from (takes accusative). Oculōs is the accusative plural form of oculus, oculī (2m): eye. Eunt is the third person plural form of eō, īre, iī/īvī, itum (irreg.): to go, advance, proceed.

(Yet we don’t think about death.) Tot (indeclinable adj.): so many. Praeter (prep.): past, by, across; beyond; contrary to; besides, except, aside from (takes accusative). Domum is the accusative singular form of domus, domūs (2/4f): house, home. Nostram is the feminine accusative singular form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Dūcuntur is the third person plural passive form of dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum (3): to lead, guide, bring, take (to a place); draw; think, consider. Exequiae, exequiārum (1f, plural only—also exsequiae): funeral procession (or processions; it can refer to one or more).

(When affliction draws near.) Praeter (prep.): past, by, across; beyond; contrary to; besides, except, aside from (takes accusative). Modum is the accusative singular form of modus, modī (2m): quantity; measure; limit; moderation; way, manner. Plērīque is the masculine nominative plural of plērusque/plēraque/plērumque (1/2): most (m. pl. used substantively: most people). Exterrentur is the third person plural passive form of exterreō, exterrēre, exterruī, exterritum (2): to strike with terror, frighten.

Praeter (prep.): past, by, across; beyond; contrary to; besides, except, aside from (takes accusative). Spem is the accusative singular form of spēs, speī (5f): hope; expectation. Ēvēnit is the third person singular perfect form of ēveniō, ēvenīre, ēvēnī, ēventum (4): to happen, turn out, result.

(Describing the view of Parmenides.) Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Est: there is. Praeter (prep.): past, by, across; beyond; contrary to; besides, except, aside from (takes accusative). Ūnum is the m/n accusative singular form of ūnus/ūna/ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one.

Nēmō, nēminis (3m): no one. Ergō (particle): therefore, then. Scit is the third person singular form of sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know, know how to. Praeter (prep.): past, by, across; beyond; contrary to; besides, except, aside from (takes accusative). Sapientem is the accusative singular form of sapiēns, sapientis (3m): wise man, sage. Referō, referre, rettulī, relātum (3, irreg.): to bring back; give back; return; report, register, record. Grātiam is the accusative singular form of grātia, grātiae (1f): favor; popularity; friendship; gratitude. Grātiam referre (to return a favor) is a common expression.

Nīl (contraction of nihil; n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Praeter (usually a preposition taking the accusative, but here used as a conjunction): except. Salicēs is the nominative plural form of salix, salicis (3f): willow. Cassus/ cassaque /cassum (1/2): hollow, empty (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Canna, cannae (1f): reed, cane. Fuit: there was—the third person singular perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.

Ipsī is the masculine nominative plural form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (pron. or adj.): himself/herself/itself/oneself/yourself/etc. ; in person; the very. Intus (adv.): within, inside. Dextrā: on the right-hand side—the ablative singular form of dextra, dextrae (1f—also dextera): the right hand; the right-hand side, the right (a substantive use of the feminine form of dexter/dext(e)ra/dext(e)rum (1/2): situated on the right). Atque/ ac (conj.): and, and also, and then. Laevā: on the left-hand side—the ablative singular form of laeva, laevae (1f): the left hand; the left-hand side, the left (a substantive use of the feminine form of laevus/laeva/laevum (1/2): situated on the left). Prō (prep.): in front of, before; for; in place of, instead of (takes the ablative). Turribus is the ablative plural form of turris, turris (3f): tower. Astant is the third person plural form of astō, astāre, astitī, — (1): to stand near, stand by.

Nē (adv.): not (in a command, wish, or purpose). Verba is the accusative plural form of verbum, verbī (2n): word. Prō (prep.): in front of, before; for; in place of, instead of; in exchange for, in return for (takes the ablative). Farīnā is the ablative singular form of farīna, farīnae (1f): flour. (The verb is implied.)

Age is the singular imperative form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform. Potius (adv.): rather; preferably; in a manner more to one’s liking. Grātiās is the accusative plural form of grātia, grātiae (1f): favor; gratitude, (in plural) thanks; grace (grātiās agere = to give thanks). Prō (prep.): in front of, before; for; in place of, instead of; in exchange for, in return for (takes the ablative). Hīs is the m/f/n (here n) ablative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it (these things). Quae is the neuter accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Accēpistī is the second person plural perfect form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3, –iō): to receive, accept, take.

Quīdam /quaedam/quiddam (pron.): a certain one, somebody, something. Expositum is the m/n accusative singular form of expositus/exposita/expositum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (exposed) of expōnō, expōnere, exposuī, expositum (3): to expose; exhibit. Sustulit is the third person singular perfect form of tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātum (3): to lift, raise; pick up; take (away), remove, do away with. Prō (prep.): in front of, before; for; in place of, instead of; in exchange for; in return for; as, as if, in the capacity of (takes the ablative). Fīliō is the ablative singular form of fīlius, fīliī (2m): son. Ēducāvit is the third person singular perfect form of ēducō, ēducāre, ēducāvī, ēducāt(um (1): to raise, bring up, rear (a child).

Omnis/omnis/ omne (3): every; all. Ignōtus/ignōta/ ignōtum (1/2): unknown. Prō (prep.): in front of, before; for; in place of, instead of; in exchange for; in return for; as, as if, in the capacity of (takes the ablative). Magnificō is the m/n (here n) ablative singular form of magnificus/magnifica/magnificum (1/2): great, magnificent, splendid. Est: is.

(He’s quoting Democritus.) Ūnus /ūna/ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one; alone; only, sole, single. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I (to me). Populō is the ablative singular form of populus, populī (2m): people; the people; nation; multitude, crowd. Est: is. Et (conj.): and. Populus, populī (2m): people; the people; nation; multitude, crowd. Prō (prep.): in front of, before; for; in place of, instead of (takes the ablative). Ūnō is the m/n (here m) ablative singular form of ūnus/ūna/ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one; alone; only, sole, single.

Dolōrem is the accusative singular form of dolor, dolōris (3m): pain, grief, sorrow. Refugiō, refugere, refūgī, — (3, –iō): to flee; avoid. Prō (prep.): in front of, before; for; in place of, instead of; in exchange for; in return for; as, in the capacity of; on behalf of (takes the ablative). Quō is the m/n (here m) ablative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Mē is the ablative form of ego: I (me, myself).

Dulcis/dulcis/ dulce (3): sweet, delightful. Et (conj.): and. Decōrus/decōra/ decōrum (1/2): becoming, fitting, proper. Est: it is. Prō (prep.): in front of, before; for; in place of, instead of; in exchange for; in return for; in defense of (takes the ablative). Patriā is the ablative singular form of patria, patriae (1f): fatherland, country. Morior, morī, mortuus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to die.

Mūtat is the third person singular form of mūtō, mūtāre, mūtāvī, mūtātum (1): to change, transform. Prō (prep.): in front of, before; for; in place of, instead of; in exchange for; in return for; in defense of; in proportion or according to (takes the ablative). Tempore is the ablative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. Dēliciae, dēliciārum (1f, plural only): delight(s), pleasure(s). Varietātem is the accusative singular form of varietās, varietātis (3f): variety.

Interdum (adv.): sometimes, occasionally, now and then. Propter (adv.): near, close at hand. Dormiet is the third person singular future form of dormiō, dormīre, dormīvī/dormiī, dormītum (4): to sleep.

In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Prātulō is the ablative singular form of prātulum, prātulī (2n): small meadow. Propter (prep.) near, close to; because of, on account of (takes accusative). Platō, Platōnis (3m): Plato. Statuam is the accusative singular form of statua, statuae (1f): statue. Cōnsēdimus is the first person plural perfect form of cōnsīdō, cōnsīdere, cōnsēdī, cōnsessum (3): to sit down.

Propter (prep.): near, close to; because of, on account of (takes accusative). Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Morior, morī, mortuus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to die. Cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, wish, long (for).

Quid (interrog. adv.): why? Igitur (conj.): therefore, so, then. Fugiēbant is the third person plural imperfect form of fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus (3, –iō): to flee, run away. Propter (prep.): near, close to; because of, on account of (takes accusative). Metum is the accusative singular form of metus, metūs (4m): fear.

Post (prep.): after; behind (takes the accusative). Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Ergō (particle): therefore, then. Propter (prep.): near, close to; because of, on account of (takes accusative). Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it.

Age is the singular imperative form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform; the imperative is used idiomatically to mean come on! Ī is the singular imperative form of eō, īre, iī/īvī, itum (irreg.): to go, advance, proceed. Tū: you (could be nominative or vocative). Secundum (adv.): in a position following, behind; alongside.

Secundum (prep.): along, alongside; next to; after; according to (takes accusative). Lītus is the accusative singular form of lītus, lītoris (3n): seashore, beach. Facit is the third person singular form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make (it’s in the historical present). Castra is the accusative plural form of castrum, castrī (2n): fortified place; (in the plural only) camp.

Secundum (prep.): along, alongside; next to; after; according to (takes accusative). Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Est: is. Mihi: to me—the dative form of ego: I. Amīcior/amīcior/ amīcius (3): friendlier—the comparative form of amīcus/amīca/amīcum (1/2): friendly. Sōlitūdine is the ablative singular form of sōlitūdō, sōlitūdinis (3f): solitude.

Secundum (prep.): along, alongside; next to; after; according to (with accusative). Lēgem is the accusative singular form of lēx, lēgis (3f): law, rule, principle. Fīat is the third person singular subjunctive form of fīō, fierī, —, — (irreg.): to be done; be made; happen; become (a jussive subjunctive).

Virtūs, virtūtis (3f): virtue; excellence; courage. Secundum (prep.): along, alongside; next to; after; according to. Nātūram is the accusative singular form of nātūra, nātūrae (1f): nature. Est: is.

(Taking control of life; the first task is to view life itself as not so important.) Secundus/secunda/ secundum (1/2): second; favorable. Opus, operis (3n): work, task. Est: it is.

Hūc (adv.): here (as a destination), hither, to this place. Secundus /secunda/secundum (1/2): second; favorable. Ventus, ventī (2m): wind. Nunc (adv.): now. Est: there is.

Sine (prep.): without (takes ablative). Dolōre is the ablative singular form of dolor, dolōris (3m): pain. Peperit is the third person singular perfect form of pariō, parere, peperī, partum (3): to give birth (to); beget; get, acquire.

Sine (prep.): without (takes ablative). Pennīs is the ablative plural form of penna, pennae (1f): wing; feather. Volā is the singular imperative form of volō, volāre, volāvī, volātum (1): to fly.

Nūllus/nūlla/ nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, none, not any; insignificant. Est: is. Vitium, vitiī (2n): vice, fault, flaw. Sine (prep.): without (takes ablative). Patrōciniō is the ablative singular form of patrōcinium, patrōcinī (2n): defense (in court), excuse, advocacy.

Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Fortis /fortis/forte (3): brave; strong. Est: is. Sine (prep.): without (takes ablative). Timōre is the ablative singular form of timor, timōris (3m): fear, dread. Trīstitiā is the ablative singular form of trīstitia, trīstitiae (1f): sadness, sorrow. Beātus /beāta/beātum (1/2): happy; prosperous.

Sine is the singular imperative form of sinō, sinere, sīvī, situm (3): to allow. Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Et (adv.): also, too, as well. Inquīrō, inquīrere, inquīsīvī/inquīsiī, inquīsītum (3): to inquire into, investigate, make inquiries.

Pervenit is the third person singular form of perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventum (4): to come (all the way to a place), arrive (it’s in the historical present; we know the e is short because of the meter). Ad (prep.): to, toward (takes the accusative). Tumulum is the accusative singular form of tumulus, tumulī (2m): mound, hill; burial mound, grave. Dictāque is the feminine ablative singular form of dictus/dicta/dictum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (having been said) of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Sub (prep.): (with abl.) under; (with acc.) under (with motion), toward and under. Arbore is the ablative singular form of arbor, arboris (3f): tree. Sēdit is the third person singular perfect form of sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessum (2): to sit.

(The sage.) Stat is the third person singular form of stō, stāre, stetī, statum (1): to stand. Rēctus /rēcta/rēctum (1/2): straight; right; upright, erect (originally the perfect passive participle of regō, regere, rēxī, rēctum (3): to direct, guide; rule; set right). Sub (prep.): (with abl.) under; (with acc.) under (with motion), toward and under. Quōlibet is the m/n ablative singular form of quīlibet/quaelibet/quodlibet (adj.): any, any you like. Pondere is the ablative singular form of pondus, ponderis (3n): weight; load, burden.

(He’s asking why people are so impressed by gold ceilings or fancy titles.) Scīmus is the first person plural form of sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Sub (prep.): (with abl.) under; (with acc.) under (with motion), toward and under. Illō is the m/n ablative singular form of ille/illa/illud (adj.): that. Aurō is the ablative singular form of aurum, aurī (2n): gold. Foeda is the neuter accusative plural form of foedus/foeda/foedum (1/2): foul, ugly, disgusting. Ligna is the accusative plural form of lignum, lignī (2n): timber, wood. Latitō, latitāre, latitāvī, latitātum (1): to be hid, be concealed, hide, lurk.

Crēvistī is the second person singular perfect form of crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum (3): to grow. Sub (prep.): (with abl.) under; (with acc.) under (with motion), toward and under. Novercā is the ablative singular form of noverca, novercae (1f): stepmother.

Nōn: not. Sumus: we are. Sub (prep.): (with abl.) under; (with acc.) under (with motion), toward and under. Rēge is the ablative singular form of rēx, rēgis (3m): king.

(He’s talking about a thistle that works as a remedy and as an aphrodisiac.) Aliquī is the masculine nominative plural form of aliquis/aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, something; (in pl.) some, some people, some things. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from; of; in accordance with (takes the ablative). Nostrīs is the m/f/n (here m) ablative plural form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Sub (prep.): (with abl.) under; during; just before, at the approach of; (with acc.) under (with motion), toward and under (and some temporal meanings as well). Sōlstitiō is the ablative singular form of sōlstitium, sōlstitiī (2n): solstice; often specifically the summer solstice. Colligī is the passive infinitive form of colligō, colligere, collēgī, collēctum (3): to gather, collect, assemble. Eam is the feminine accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Iussēre is the third person plural perfect form of iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussum (2): to order, command, bid.

Ēmergēbat is the third person singular imperfect form of ēmergō, ēmergere, ēmersī, ēmersum (3): to come up out of the water; emerge; come forth, appear; raise oneself up, extricate oneself. Subitō (adv.): suddenly. Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Sub (prep.): (with abl.) under; (with acc.) under (with motion), toward and under. Tabulās is the accusative plural form of tabula, tabulae (1f): board, plank; tablet. Subrēpserat is the third person singular pluperfect form of subrēpō, subrēpere, subrēpsī, subrēptum (3—also surrēpō): to creep under; creep up to, steal upon.

(Spoken when someone plunges into disaster; the comparison is to clubbing a pig to death.) Sūs, suis (3 m/f): pig, hog, boar, sow. Sub (prep.): (with abl.) under; (with acc.) under (with motion), toward and under. Fustem is the accusative singular form of fustis, fustis (3m; the length of the u is uncertain): cudgel, club. (Some verb of motion is implied.)

Sub (prep.): (with abl.) under; (with acc.) under (with motion), toward and under; also some temporal meanings such as directly after. Haec is the neuter accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Dicta is the accusative plural form of dictum, dictī (2n): words, utterance, saying, something that has been said (a substantive use of the neuter form of dictus/dicta/dictum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (having been said) of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say). Lacrimantēs is the m/f nominative plural form of lacrimāns, lacrimantis (3), the present active participle (weeping) of lacrimō, lacrimāre, lacrimāvī, lacrimātum (1): to weep. Prōcubuērunt is the third person plural perfect form of prōcumbō, prōcumbere, prōcubuī, prōcubitum (3): to fall down; prostrate oneself.

Sub (prep.): (with abl.) under; (with acc.) under (with motion), toward and under; also some temporal meanings such as toward, at about (a time). Idem is the neuter accusative singular form of īdem/eadem/idem (adj.): the same. Tempus is the accusative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. Cōnsulēs is the nominative plural form of cōnsul, cōnsulis (3m): consul. Rōmam is the accusative singular form of Rōma, Rōmae (1f): Rome. Vēnērunt is the third person plural perfect form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come.

Is /ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Victōs is the masculine accusative plural form of victus/victa/victum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (defeated) of vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum (3): to conquer, defeat; win, be victorious. Hostēs is the accusative plural form of hostis, hostis (3m/f): enemy. Sub (prep.): (with abl.) under; (with acc.) under (with motion), toward and under. Iugum is the accusative singular form of iugum, iugī (2n): yoke, ritual arch of spears; summit. Mīsit is the third person singular perfect form of mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum (3): to send; throw.

Imminet is the third person singular form of immineō, imminēre, —, — (2): to overhang; tower; threaten, menace, impend. Īda, Īdae (1f): mountain near Troy; mountain on Crete. Super (adv.): above, over, on top; beyond; in addition.

Pauca is the neuter accusative plural form of paucus/pauca/paucum (1/2): few. Super (adv.): above, over, on top; beyond; in addition. Referam is the first person singular future form of referō, referre, rettulī, relātum (3, irreg.): to bring back; give back; report, register, record.

Contrā (prep.): against (takes accusative). Epicūrum is the accusative singular form of Epicūrus, Epicūrī (2m): Epicurus. Satis (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): enough. Superque (adv.): above, over, on top; beyond; in addition (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Dictum est is the third person neuter singular perfect passive form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say.

Īnstābam is the first person singular imperfect form of īnstō, īnstāre, īnstitī, īnstātūrus (1): to stand on; press; insist. Super (prep.): (with acc.) above, over, on top of, on; (with abl.) about, concerning. Caput is the accusative singular form of caput, capitis (3n): head. Nōn: not. Accūsātor, accūsātōris (3m): accuser; plaintiff. Sed (conj.): but. Tortor, tortōris (3m): torturer.

(In a state of eternal calm.) Tālis /tālis/tāle (3): such, of such a kind. Est: is. Sapiēns, sapientis (3m): wise man, sage. Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul. Quālis /quālis/quāle (3, rel. adj.): (such) as, (of the same kind or quality) as, like. Mundus, mundī (2m): heavens; universe; world. Super (prep.): (with acc.) above, over, on top of, on; (with abl.) about, concerning. Lūnam is the accusative singular form of lūna, lūnae (1f): moon.

(Above money, for example; virtue is appraised in its own currency.) Virtūs, virtūtis (3f): virtue, moral excellence; courage, valor. Super (prep.): (with acc.) above, over, on top of, on; (with abl.) about, concerning. Ista is the neuter accusative plural form of iste/ista/istud (pron.): that; he, she, it (those things). Cōnsistit is the third person singular form of cōnsistō, cōnsistere, cōnstitī, — (3): to stop, come to a halt; take up position, stand.

(From Aesop.) Leō, leōnis (3m): lion. Exuvium, exuviī (2n): something that has been stripped from one, such as spoils or a skin. Super (prep.): (with acc.) above, over, on top of, on; (with abl.) about, concerning. Asinum is the accusative singular form of asinus, asinī (2m): donkey, jackass.

(Talking about the Nile.) Sī (conj.): if. Crēvit is the third person singular perfect form of crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum (3): to grow. Super (prep.): (with acc.) above, over, on top of, on; (with abl.) about, concerning. Dēbitum is the accusative singular form of dēbitum, dēbitī (2n): that which is owed, debt; that which is due (a substantive use of dēbitus/dēbita/dēbitum (1/2), the perfect passive participle of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought). Nocuit is the third person singular perfect form of noceō, nocēre, nocuī, nocitum (2): to be harmful, do harm, injure, hurt, harm, impair.

Super (prep.): (with acc.) above, over, on top of, on; (with abl.) about, concerning. Haec is the neuter accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it (these things). Timor, timōris (3m): fear, dread. Incessit is the third person singular perfect form of incēdō, incēdere, incessī, incessum (3): to step, walk, advance, march; (of circumstances) come, arise. Sabīnī is the m/n genitive singular form of Sabīnus/Sabīna/Sabīnum (1/2): Sabine (relating to the Sabine people, an ancient people of Italy). Bellum, bellī (2n): war.

Nīl (contraction of nihil; n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing; (accusative used adverbially) in no respect, to no degree, not at all. Super (prep.): (with acc.) above, over, on top of, on; (with abl.) about, concerning. Imperiō is the ablative singular form of imperium, imperiī (2n): power, authority, rule; empire; command, order. Moveor is the first person singular passive form of moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtum (2): to move, stir; disturb.

Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Nūntiās is the second person singular form of nūntiō, nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātum (1): to report, announce. Super (prep.): (with acc.) above, over, on top of, on; (with abl.) about, concerning. Anū is the ablative singular form of anus, anūs (4f): old woman.

Ad (prep.): to, toward (takes the accusative). Ea is the neuter accusative plural form of is/ea/id (adj.): this, that. Castra is the accusative plural form of castrum, castrī (2n): fortified place; (in the plural only) camp. Quae is the neuter accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Suprā (adv.): on top, over, above; further. Dēmōnstrāvimus is the first person plural perfect form of dēmōnstrō, dēmōnstrāre, dēmōnstrāvī, dēmōnstrātum (1): to show, demonstrate, prove; mention, speak of, name. Contendit is the third person singular perfect (or it could be the historical present) form of contendō, contendere, contendī, contentum (3): to stretch; strain or strive for; press forward, strive to get to a place.

Centēsimus /centēsima/centēsimum (1/2): hundredth. Tibi: to/for you—the dative form of tū: you. Vel (conj.): or. Suprā (adv.): on top, over, above; further. Premitur is the third person singular passive form of premō, premere, pressī, pressum (3): to press, pressure, weigh down; squeeze out; pursue, harass, attack. Annus, annī (2m): year.

Suprā (prep.): on top of, over, above; beyond (takes accusative). Ipsum is the m/n accusative singular form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/etc. ; in person; the very. Balneum is the accusative singular form of balneum, balneī (2n): bath, bathing place. Habitō, habitāre, habitāvī, habitātum (1): to inhabit, dwell, live (in a place).

(He’s speaking of one who has learned not to fear death.) Suprā (prep.): on top of, over, above; beyond (takes accusative). Omnem is the m/f accusative singular form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Potentiam is the accusative singular form of potentia, potentiae (1f): power. Est: he is.

Suprā (prep.): on top of, over, above; beyond (takes accusative). Mīlle: thousand (here accusative). Et (conj.): and. Quīngentōs is the masculine accusative plural form of quīngentī/quīngentae/quīngenta (1/2): five hundred. Mīlitēs is the accusative plural form of mīles, mīlitis (3m): soldier. Āmīsērunt is the third person plural form of āmittō, āmittere, āmīsī, āmissum (3): to lose; let go.