Verbs

Abierant is the third person plural pluperfect form of abeō, abīre, abiī, abitum (irreg.): to go away, depart; disappear, vanish; be transformed (into). Cēterī is the masculine nominative plural form of cēterus/cētera/cēterum (1/2): (all) (the) other(s), the rest.

Ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Abiit is the third person singular perfect form of abeō, abīre, abiī, abitum (irreg.): to go away, depart; disappear, vanish; be transformed (into). Domum is the accusative singular form of domus, domūs (2/4f): house, home (the accusative of end of motion).

(Those whose minds are full of unimportant things.) Abit is the third person singular form of abeō, abīre, abiī, abitum (irreg.): to go away, depart; disappear, vanish; be transformed (into). Igitur (conj.): therefore, so, then. Vīta, vītae (1f): life. Eorum is the m/n (here m) genitive plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she it; this, that. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Profundum is the accusative singular form of profundum, profundī (2n): depths, abyss (a substantive use of profundus/profunda/profundum (1/2): deep).

(As he turns into a wolf.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Villōs is the accusative plural form of villus, villī (2m): shaggy hair. Abeunt is the third person plural form of abeō, abīre, abiī, abitum (irreg.): to go away, depart; disappear, vanish; be transformed (into). Vestēs is the nominative plural form of vestis, vestis (3f): clothing; garment.

Aenēās, Aenēae (1m, with some unusual features because it’s from Greek): Aeneas. Ignārus/ignāra/ignārum (1/2): ignorant, unaware, unknowing; inexperienced. Abest is the third person singular form of absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant.

(But if it happens, I’ll hope to handle it bravely.) Tormenta is the accusative plural form of tormentum, tormentī (2n): torture, torment; catapult, ballista, or other machine for shooting missiles. Absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant. Ab/ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Mē is the ablative form of ego: I. Velim is the first person singular subjunctive form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish (potential subjunctive).

Aristotelēs, Aristotelis (3m): Aristotle. Fīnītiō, fīnītiōnis (3f): boundary, border; limitation, restriction; definition; ending, conclusion. Nōn: not. Multum (adv.): much, a lot, greatly. Ab/ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Nostrā is the feminine ablative singular form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Abest is the third person singular form of absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant.

Dedit is the third person singular perfect form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give. Et (adv.): also; even. Lūdōs is the accusative plural form of lūdus, lūdī (2m): game, play; entertainment, show, performance. Sed (conj.): but. Absēns, absentis (3): (being) absent—the present active participle of absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant.

Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it (these things). Ācta sunt is the third person neuter plural perfect passive form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, put in motion; do, perform, transact, deal with, engage in, work at; act. Absente is the m/f/n ablative singular form of absēns, absentis (3): (being) absent—the present active participle of absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant. Certō is the ablative singular form of the proper name Certus, Certī (2m).

Absentem is the m/f (here m) accusative singular form of absēns, absentis (3): (being) absent—the present active participle of absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant. Laedit is the third person singular form of laedō, laedere, laesī, laesum (3): to hurt, harm, injure. Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Ēbriō is the m/n (here m) ablative singular form of ēbrius/ēbria/ēbrium (1/2): drunk. Quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Lītigat is the third person singular form of lītigō, lītigāre, lītigāvī, lītigātum (1): to go to law, litigate; dispute, quarrel, wrangle.

Accēde is the singular imperative form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come (to/toward), draw near, approach; be added, join; agree. Hūc (adv.): here (as a destination), hither, to this place. Tū: you (it could be nominative or vocative).

Nēmō, nēminis (3m): no one. Audet is the third person singular form of audeō, audēre, ausus sum (2, semi-deponent): to dare. Prope (adv.): near. Accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come (to/toward), draw near, approach; be added, join; agree.

(That is, the goods held by the gods; he’s voicing a worry.) Accēdimus is the first person plural form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come (to/toward), draw near, approach; be added, join; agree. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at (takes the accusative). Illa is the neuter accusative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Nōn: not. Pervenīmus is the first person plural form of perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventum (4): to come (all the way to a place), arrive.

(He’s talking about storms when several of them merge.) Et (conj.): and (et. . . et = both. . . and). Impetus, impetūs (4m): a violent onward motion; impulse; force; attack, assault. Illīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Accēdit is the third person singular form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come (to/toward), draw near, approach; be added, join; agree. Et (conj.): and. Mora, morae (1f): delay; hindrance; duration of time.

(How the sage gives consolation.) Succurret is the third person singular future form of succurrō, succurrere, succurrī, succursum (3): to run or come to the rescue of, help, bring relief (takes a dative object). Aliēnīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of aliēnus/aliēna/aliēnum (1/2): belonging to another or others; unfamiliar. Lacrimīs is the dative plural form of lacrima, lacrimae (1f): tear. Nōn: not. Accēdet is the third person singular future form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come (to/toward), draw near, approach; be added, join; agree.

Accessit is the third person singular perfect form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come (to/toward), draw near, approach; be added, join; agree. Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul. Ad (prep.): to, toward (takes the accusative). Meam is the feminine accusative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine. Sententiam is the accusative singular form of sententia, sententiae (1f): opinion, thought, idea, sentiment; sentence; meaning—it can refer to an opinion or proposal (motion) formally expressed in the Senate; the rest of the Senate could agree or not; Plautus is playing on that usage.

Cito (adv.): quickly; soon. Accēdimus is the first person plural form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come (to/toward), draw near, approach; be added, join; agree. Opīniōnī is the dative singular form of opīniō, opīniōnis (3f): opinion, belief; reputation.

Clēmentia, clēmentiae (1f): mercy, clemency. Ratiōnī is the dative singular form of ratiō, ratiōnis (3f): calculation, account; reasoning; reason; method; the way a thing works. Accēdit is the third person singular form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come (to/toward), draw near, approach; be added, join; agree.

Dēsubitō (adv.): suddenly. Mē: me—the accusative form of ego: I. Ōrat is the third person singular form of ōrō, ōrāre, ōrāvī, ōrātum (1): to pray (to), entreat, beseech, beg, supplicate; speak in court, plead, orate. Mulier, mulieris (3f): woman. Lacrimānsque: lacrimāns, lacrimantis (3) is the present active participle (weeping) of lacrimō, lacrimāre, lacrimāvī, lacrimātum (1): to weep, shed tears; the enclitic conjunction –que adds and. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at (takes the accusative). Genua is the accusative plural form of genū, genūs (4n): knee. Accidit is the third person singular form of accidō, accidere, accidī, — (3): to fall down, descend; come to pass, happen, occur, befall (takes a dative object).

Dīcam is the first person singular future form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Quae is the f/n nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. pron.): which (one)? what? in n. pl. : what things? Accidant is the third person plural subjunctive form of accidō, accidere, accidī, — (3): to fall down, descend; come to pass, happen, occur, befall (takes a dative object) (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Mihi is the dative form of ego: I (to me).

Accidit is the third person singular perfect form of accidō, accidere. accidī, — (3): to fall down, descend; come to pass, happen, occur, befall (takes a dative object). Ut (conj. , with subjunctive): that. Esset is the third person singular imperfect subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Lūna, lūnae (1f): moon. Plēnus/plēna/plēnum (1/2): full.

Exultō, exultāre, exultāvī, exultātum (1—also exsultō): to jump up; exult, rejoice. Quotiēns (rel. adv.): as many times as, as often as, whenever. Epistulās is the accusative plural form of epistula, epistulae (1f): letter. Tuās is the feminine accusative plural form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; interpret, understand (something a certain way, or take as the meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact).

Exercitumque: exercitum is the accusative singular form of exercitus, exercitūs (4m): army; the enclitic conjunction –que adds and. Ab/ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). A. is an abbreviation of the first name Aulus, Aulī (2m), which here would have been in the ablative singular form Aulō. Terentiō is the m/n (here m) ablative singular form of the family name Terentius/Terentia/Terentium (1/2). Accēpit is the third person singular perfect form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3, –iō): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; interpret, understand (something a certain way, or take as the meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact).

(So why did you take it? It’s a sage saying to the gods: there’s no need to take things from me; if you want them, I’ll give them to you voluntarily.) Accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; interpret, understand (something a certain way, or take as the meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact). Potuistis is the second person plural perfect form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can.

Nūllam is the feminine accusative singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, none, not any. Accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; interpret, understand (something a certain way, or take as the meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact). Excūsātiōnem is the accusative singular form of excūsātiō, excūsātiōnis (3f): excuse.

(He’s speaking of philosophy: giving spare time to it isn’t enough.) Dat is the third person singular form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give, grant. Tempus is the accusative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. Nōn: not. Accipit is the third person singular form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; interpret, understand (something a certain way, or take as the meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact).

Sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into—the accusative is used here because a figurative motion is meant even though the idiomatic English translation is in rather than into. Bonam is the feminine accusative singular form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Partem is the accusative singular form of pars, partis (3f): part. Acceptūrum is the m/n accusative singular form of acceptūrus/acceptūra/acceptūrum (1/2), the future active participle (going to take) of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; interpret, understand (something a certain way, or take as the meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact). Sī (conj.): if. Negāverō is the first person singular future perfect form of negō, negāre, negāvī, negātum (1): to deny; refuse.

(Word—verbum, verbī (2n)—is implied from an earlier clause.) Ex/ē (prep.): out of, from (takes the ablative). Eōdem is the m/n ablative singular form of īdem/eadem/idem (pron.): the same. Duo/duae/duo (irreg.): two. Vel (conj.): or. Plūrēs/plūrēs/plūra (3, plural): more numerous, more (in number); more than one, several; many. Accipī is the passive infinitive form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; interpret, understand (something a certain way, or take as the meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact). Possunt is the third person plural form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can, may.

Accipe is the singular imperative form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; interpret, understand (something a certain way, or take as the meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact). Huius is the m/f/n genitive singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; fact; property. Rēgulam is the accusative singular form of rēgula, rēgulae (1f): ruler, measuring rod; rule.

Eōs is the masculine accusative plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): this, that; he, she, it (them). Fuisse: to have been—the perfect infinitive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Iūstōs is the masculine accusative plural form of iūstus/iūsta/iūstum (1/2): just. Accēpimus is the first person plural perfect form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; interpret, understand (something a certain way, or take as the meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact).

Diūtius (adv.): longer, for a longer time—the comparative form of diū (adv.): long, for a long time. Accūsō, accūsāre, accūsāvī, accūsātum (1): to blame, accuse, reproach, censure, impugn. Fāta is the accusative plural form of fātum, fātī (2n): fate, that which is ordained. Possumus is the first person plural form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Mūtō, mūtāre, mūtāvī, mūtātum (1): to change, transform. Nōn: not.

Accūsāvit is the third person singular perfect form of accūsō, accūsāre, accūsāvī, accūsātum (1): to blame, accuse, reproach, censure, impugn. Maiestās, maiestātis (3f): greatness, majesty, sovereignty; an offence against the majesty of the state, treason (i.e., by ellipsis of a word such as laesa: laesa maiestās = injured majesty, lèse-majesté).

Accūsātur is the third person singular passive form of accūsō, accūsāre, accūsāvī, accūsātum (1): to blame, accuse, reproach, censure, impugn. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Vī is the ablative singular form of vīs, vīs (3f, irreg.): energy, force, power; violence.

(Demanding to be given what you seek right away.) Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Saccō is the ablative singular form of saccus, saccī (2m): sack, bag. Adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go or come to, approach, visit; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to.

Nōn: not. Cuivīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of quīvīs/quaevīs/quodvīs (adj.): any, any you like, any random, just any. Hominī is the dative singular form of homō, hominis (3m): man, human. Contingit is the third person singular form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; reach, extend to; happen; be granted to, fall to the lot of (someone in the dative). Adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go or come to, approach, visit; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to. Corinthum is the accusative singular form of Corinthus, Corinthī (2f): Corinth.

Adībō is the first person singular future form of adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go or come to, approach, visit; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to. Hōsce: hōs is the masculine accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it; the enclitic particle –ce adds emphasis to a demonstrative word. Atque/ac (conj.): and, and also, and then. Appellābō is the first person singular future form of appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātum (1): to address, call; name, call (by a certain name); appeal to (for help, etc.), call on; solicit with a request. Pūnicē (adv.): in Punic.

Ad (prep.): to, toward (takes the accusative). Sullam is the accusative singular form of Sulla, Sullae (1m): cognomen (nickname), here of a Roman statesman. Lēgātī is the nominative plural form of lēgātus, lēgātī (2m): envoy, ambassador. Nōn: not. Adiērunt is the third person plural perfect form of adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go or come to, approach, visit; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to.

(Talking about the pleasures of philosophy.) Adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go or come to, approach; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to. Tamquam (conj.): just as, like; as if; what I might call. Multōrum is the m/n (here m) genitive plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Hērēditātem is the accusative singular form of hērēditās, hērēditātis (3f): inheritance. Iuvat is the third person singular form of iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtum (1): to help, assist; benefit, avail; delight, gratify, please.

Adiit is the third person singular perfect form of adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go or come to, approach; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to. Ad (prep.): to, toward (takes the accusative). Rem is the accusative singular form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; fact; property; interest. Pūblicam is the feminine accusative singular form of pūblicus/pūblica/pūblicum (1/2): public, belonging to the state or community. Rēs pūblica = state, commonwealth, republic, public affairs, public interest. Ad rem pūblicam adīre is an idiom: to go into politics. Tribūnus, tribūnī (2m): commander; tribune. Plēbs, plēbis (3f): the plebs, the commons, the body of plebeians, the common people. Milō, Milōnis (3m): Roman cognomen.

At (conj.): but. Magnum is the m/n accusative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large; important. Perīculum is the accusative singular form of perīculum, perīculī (2n): danger, risk; attempt, experiment. Adiit is the third person singular perfect form of adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go or come to, approach; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to.

Adeō (adv.): to this point, so much, to such an extent, so true is it that; in addition, besides, moreover; indeed, actually, in fact, quite. Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Est: is. Cuique is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of quisque/quaeque/quidque (pron.): each, each person, each thing. Sē: than himself—the ablative form of the reflexive pronoun (the ablative of comparison). Vīlior/vīlior/vīlius (3): cheaper—the comparative form of vīlis/vīlis/vīle (3): cheap.

(What philosophers do.) Omne is the neuter accusative singular form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Aevum is the accusative singular form of aevum, aevī (2n): time; lifetime; age; eternity. Suō: their (own)—the m/n dative singular form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Adiciunt is the third person plural form of adiciō, adicere, adiēcī, adiectum (3, –iō): to throw (acc.) at (dat. or ad + acc.); throw (acc.) on top of (dat.); attach; add.

Adice is the singular imperative form of adiciō, adicere, adiēcī, adiectum (3, –iō): to throw (acc.) at (dat. or ad + acc.); throw (acc.) on top of (dat.); attach; add. Nunc (adv.): now; as it is. Quod (conj.): that; the fact that; regarding the fact that; in that; because. Quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Timētur is the third person singular passive form of timeō, timēre, timuī, — (2): to fear, be afraid. Timet is the same, but active.

Cōram (adv.): face to face, before one, in person. Quem is the masculine accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Quaeritis is the second person plural form of quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī/quaesiī, quaesītum (3): to seek, look for or try to obtain; seek to know, ask; (of things) demand, require. Adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus (irreg.): to be present, be there/here; be there for, support, assist (with dative object).

Omnibus is the m/f/n ablative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Umbra, umbrae (1f): shadow; shade; ghost. Locīs is the ablative plural form of locus, locī (2m, but often n in the plural): place. Aderō is the first person singular future form of adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus (irreg.): to be present, be there; be there for, support, assist (with dative object).

(Be content with whatever life gives you.) Quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Adest is the third person singular form of adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus (irreg.): to be present, be there; be there for, support, assist (with dative object). Bonum, bonī (2n): a good thing or that which is good, a good or the good). Cōnsule is the singular imperative form of cōnsulō, cōnsulere, cōnsuluī, cōnsultum (3): to consult; take counsel; have regard for, give thought to. Bonī cōnsulere = to consider as good, take in good part, be satisfied with.

Iam (adv.): already; now; soon. Illī is the m/f/n dative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Semel (adv.): once, a single time. Iterum (adv.): again, a second time, once more. Adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus (irreg.): to be present, be there; be there for, support, assist (with dative object).

Adfuērunt is the third person plural perfect form of adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus (irreg.): to be present, be there; be there for, support, assist (with dative object). Inquit is the third person singular form of inquam (irreg. and defective): to say (inquit = he/she/it says or said). Catilīnae is the dative singular form of Catilīna, Catilīnae (1m): Lucius Sergius Catalina, a Roman politician who sought to overthrow the Republic. Illumque: illum is the masculine accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it; the enclitic conjunction –que adds and. Laudārunt is the third person plural perfect form of laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum (1): to praise, commend.

Nēmō, nēminis (3m): no one. Aestimat is the third person singular form of aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate the value of, estimate, value, assess, reckon, judge; consider. Tempus is the accusative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time.

(A metaphor for the body.) Quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Autem (particle): but, however, on the other hand; and, moreover; for my, your, his, etc. part. Umquam (adv.): ever. Vestīmenta is the accusative plural form of vestīmentum, vestīmentī (2n): garment, clothing. Aestimāvit is the third person singular perfect form of aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate the value of, estimate, value, assess, reckon, judge; consider. Arculā is the ablative singular form of arcula, arculae (1f): small chest, box, casket.

(But this isn’t very helpful unless we know what it is.) Praecipiet is the third person singular future form of praecipiō, praecipere, praecēpī, praeceptum (3, –iō): to take in advance; advise; order, command. Aliquis/aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, something. Ut (conj.): that, so that. Prūdentiam is the accusative singular form of prūdentia, prūdentiae (1f): practical understanding, good sense, prudence, sagacity, wisdom. Magnī is the m/n genitive singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large (neuter used substantively as a genitive of value). Aestimēmus is the first person plural subjunctive form of aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate the value of, estimate, value, assess, reckon, judge; consider (subjunctive because it’s an indirect command).

Exigua is the neuter accusative plural form of exiguus/exigua/exiguum (1/2): small, little, petty; poor. Magnō is the m/n ablative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large; important (neuter used substantively as an ablative of price). Aestimātis is the second person plural form of aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate the value of, estimate, value, assess, reckon, judge; consider.

Ignōtī is the masculine nominative plural form of ignōtus/ignōta/ignōtum (1/2): unknown. Iūmenta is the accusative plural form of iūmentum, iūmentī (2n): beast of burden. Agēbant is the third person plural imperfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Īram is the accusative singular form of īra, īrae (1f): anger. Saepe (adv.): often. Misericordia, misericordiae (1f): pity, compassion. Retrō (adv.): back, backward. Ēgit is the third person singular perfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Āctum is the m/n (here n) accusative singular form of āctus/ācta/āctum is the perfect passive participle (done) of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). Agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive; do; etc.

Ergō (particle): therefore, so, then. Meī is the genitive form of ego: I (of me, of myself). Cūram is the accusative singular form of cūra, cūrae (1f): care; worry. Agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). Cūram agere (+ genitive) = to look after.

(A pained Stoic talking to himself.) Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Agis is the second person singular form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). Nihil agere can be used idiomatically to mean to accomplish nothing, act in vain. Dolor is the vocative singular form of dolor, dolōris (3m): pain.

Līber/lībera/līberum (1/2): free. Nōn: not. Est: he is. Quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Aliquandō (adv): sometimes, from time to time, now and then, once in a while; once, in the past; sometime, someday, eventually; finally. Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Agit is the third person singular form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

At (conj.): but, yet. Quam (interrog. adv. , here used in an exclamatory way): how (much)? to what degree? Bene (adv.): well. Mīmum is the accusative singular form of mīmus, mīmī (2m): mime, farce. Ēgit is the third person singular perfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

(The second speaker is in rough shape.) Salvētō is the singular future imperative form of salveō, salvēre, —, — (2, defective): to be well, be in good health; it’s mostly used in the imperative as a greeting: hello, hi (the present imperative forms are more common than the future imperative found here). Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Agis is the second person singular form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). Vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live.

Age is the singular imperative form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.); imperative forms are used idiomatically as a general exhortation to action: come! come on! go on! and the like. Exī is the singular imperative form of exeō, exīre, exīvī/exiī, exitum (irreg.): to go out, get out, exit.

Sed (conj.): but. Age is the singular imperative form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.); imperative forms are used idiomatically as a general exhortation to action: come! come on! go on! and the like. Respondē is the singular imperative form of respondeō, respondēre, respondī, respōnsum (2): to respond, answer.

Grātiās is the accusative plural form of grātia, grātiae (1f): favor; gratitude, (in plural) thanks; grace. Tamen (adv.): nevertheless, yet, still. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I (to me, to myself). Apud(prep.): at, near; with, among; in front of, in the presence of; at the house of; in the writings of (takes the accusative). Tē is the accusative singular form of tū: you. Agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). Grātiās agere = to give/offer thanks.

Hostīliter (adv.): like an enemy, inimically. Ēgerant is the third person plural pluperfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Othō, Othōnis (3m). Pueritiam is the accusative singular form of pueritia, pueritiae (1f): childhood, boyhood. Incūriōsē (adv.): carelessly. Adulēscentiam is the accusative singular form of adulēscentia, adulēscentiae (1f): youth; young manhood. Petulanter (adv): insolently, rudely; waywardly, wantonly. Ēgerat is the third person singular pluperfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Sicyōne is the locative singular form of Sicyōn, Sicyōnis (3f): a city in Greece. Et (adv.): also; even. Hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Vītam is the accusative singular form of vīta, vītae (1f): life. Ēgit is the third person singular perfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

(To the emperor Verus.) Rūre is the locative singular form of rūs, rūris (3n): the country, countryside. Agēbam is the first person singular imperfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Sed (conj.): but. Haec is the neuter accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it (these things). Cōram (adv.): face to face, in person. Agēmus is the first person plural future form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Nātūrā is the ablative singular form of nātūra, nātūrae (1f): nature. Agēbāmus is the first person plural imperfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). Deōrum is the genitive plural form of deus, deī (2m, irreg.): god.

Vatīnī is the m/n (here m) genitive singular form of the family name Vatīnius/Vatīnia/Vatīnium (1/2). Causam is the accusative singular form of causa, causae (1f): cause, reason; (legal) case; situation. Agis is the second person singular form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with, be engaged in; act, behave; spend (time or life); live or stay (in a place or under certain circumstances); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Ait is the third person singular form of aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm; say yes, say so. Quīntus, Quīntī (2m): Cicero’s brother.

Hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Est: is. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ait is the third person singular form of aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm; say yes, say so. Hērāclītus, Hērāclītī (2m).

Ait is the third person singular form of aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm; say yes, say so. Illī is the m/f/n dative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it.

(i.e., by reading different things and then bringing them together.) Apēs is the accusative plural form of apis, apis (3f): bee. Ut (rel. adv.): as. Aiunt is the third person plural form of aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm; say yes, say so. Dēbēmus is the first person plural form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, should. Imitor, imitārī, imitātus sum (1, deponent): to imitate, follow the example of; copy; simulate.

Ait is the third person singular form of aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm; say yes, say so. Aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm; say yes, say so.

Diogenēs, Diogenis (3m). Ait is the third person singular form of aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm; say yes, say so. Antipater, Antipatrī (2m). Negat is the third person singular form of negō, negāre, negāvī, negātum (1): to deny, say that not; refuse; say no.

Amat is the third person singular form of amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love. Meretrīcem is the accusative singular form of meretrīx, meretrīcis (3f): prostitute.

Quaere is the singular imperative form of quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī/quaesiī, quaesītum (3): to seek; ask. Quem is the masculine accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Amēs is the second person singular subjunctive form of amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love (subjunctive because it expresses purpose).

(He’s talking about a saying from a play: let them hate so long as they fear.) Sīc (adv.): thus, so, in such manner. Nē (adv.): not (usually in a wish, command, or purpose, except in the expression nē. . . quidem). Amārī is the passive infinitive form of amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love. Quidem (particle): at any rate; indeed; even (that last meaning occurs almost exclusively in the expression nē. . . quidem = not even). Vellem is the first person singular imperfect subjunctive form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish; be willing (imperfect subjunctive because it’s present contrary to fact).

Nē (conj. , with subjunctive): lest, that not, so that not. Cadam is the first person singular subjunctive form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall. Amābō tē (idiomatic): please—literally I will love you (if you do what I’m asking); amābō is the first person singular future form of amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love; tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Tenē is the singular imperative form of teneō, tenēre, tenuī, tentum (2): to hold; keep; restrain. Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me).

Properā is the singular imperative form of properō, properāre, properāvī, properātum (1): to hasten, hurry. Amābō is the first person singular future form of amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love; here it’s used idiomatically to mean please.

Ecquis/ecquid (interrog. pron.): whether anyone, whether anything; . . . anyone/anything? is there anyone/anything that. . . ? Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Aperit is the third person singular form of aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum (4): to open; uncover; bring into the open, make clear, reveal, disclose, explain. Ōstium is the accusative singular form of ōstium, ōstiī (2n): door, entrance.

Caput is the accusative singular form of caput, capitis (3n): head. Aperuit is the third person singular perfect form of aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum (4): to open; uncover; bring into the open, make clear, reveal, disclose, explain.

Vēritātem is the accusative singular form of vēritās, vēritātis (3f): truth. Diēs, diēī (5m/f): day; the passage of days, (the passage of) time. Aperit is the third person singular form of aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum (4): to open; uncover, bring into the open, make clear, reveal, disclose, explain.

(If a party with the burden of proving a fact doesn’t do it, the fact is presumed not to be so.) Īdem/eadem/idem (pron.): the same. Est: is. Nōn: not. Esse: to be. Et (conj.): and. Appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; come into sight, appear; be or become evident.

Appāruit is the third person singular perfect form of appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; come into sight, appear; be or become apparent. Subitō (adv.): suddenly. C. is an abbreviation of the name Gāius, Gāiī (2m): Gaius; praenomen of Julius Caesar (the name was archaically spelled with a C, and the abbreviation follows that earlier spelling). Caesar, Caesaris (3m): Caesar.

(Embarrassment when speaking in front of groups.) Magis (adv.): more. Quidem (particle): at any rate; indeed. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Iuvenibus is the m/f/n (here m) ablative plural form of iuvenis/iuvenis/iuvene (3, adj. and 3m/f): young; young person, youth (often a young man, occasionally a young woman). Appāret is the third person singular form of appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; come into sight, appear; be or become evident.

(The “this” is being separated from people who have died; he’s pointing out that we don’t get so upset when we’re separated at length from people who are still alive.) Id is the accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Per (prep.): through; by (when followed by a reflexive pronoun, it can sometimes idiomatically translate as in) (takes accusative). Sē: itself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Tolerābile is the neuter accusative singular form of tolerābilis/tolerābilis/tolerābile (3): tolerable, bearable. Esse: to be. Appāret is the third person singular form of appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; come into sight, appear; be or become evident.

(That is, how anger is different: anger is like getting drunk; wrathfulness is like being a drunkard.) Quō is the m/n (here n) ablative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Distet is the third person singular subjunctive form of distō, distāre, —, — (1): to stand apart, be separate, be distant; differ (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Ab/ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Īrācundiā is the ablative singular form of īrācundia, īrācundiae (1f): wrathfulness, irascibility, proneness to anger. Appāret is the third person singular form of appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; come into sight, appear; be or become evident.

Appellābō is the first person singular future form of appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātum (1): to address, call; name, call (by a certain name); appeal to (for help, etc.), call on; solicit (with a request). Hanc is the feminine accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it.

(Let me satisfy it with whatever is nearest.) Famēs, famis (3/5f): hunger; famine. Mē is the accusative form of ego: I. Appellat is the third person singular form of appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātum (1): to address, call; name, call (by a certain name); appeal to (for help, etc.), call on; solicit (with a request) (the verb could be read as call or solicit; sometimes these meanings can overlap).

Hanc is the feminine accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Acadēmīam is the accusative singular form of Acadēmīa, Acadēmīae (1f): the Academy; i.e., the gymnasium where Plato taught, or the philosophical school founded by him. Novam is the feminine accusative singular from of novus/nova/novum (1/2): new; recent; novel; strange, unusual. Appellant is the third person plural form of appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātum (1): to address, call; name, call (by a certain name); appeal to (for help, etc.), call on; solicit (with a request).

Appellantur is the third person plural passive form of appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātum (1): to address, call; name, call (by a certain name); appeal to (for help, etc.), call on; solicit (with a request) (a historical present verb). Tribūnī is the nominative plural form of tribūnus, tribūnī (2m): tribune.

(Blattius and Dasius were prominent citizens of Salapia, a city in southern Italy that was involved in the Second Punic War. The city was largely friendly to Hannibal. Blattius was trying to persuade Dasius to help him hand over the city to the Romans.) Blattius, Blattiī (2m). Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Prōditiōne is the ablative singular form of prōditiō, prōditiōnis (3f): betrayal. Dasium is the accusative singular form of Dasius, Dasiī (2m). Appellābat is the third person singular imperfect form of appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātum (1): to address, call; name, call (by a certain name); appeal to (for help, etc.), call on; solicit (with a request). (Vowel lengths in the proper names are uncertain.)

(Stick up for others, because what happens to them may happen to you. Also included in the adages of Erasmus.) Tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; property; interest. Agitur is the third person singular passive form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, deal with, conduct, engage in; discuss; act. Pariēs, parietis (3m): wall of a house or other building. Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Proximus/proxima/proximum (1/2): nearest, closest; next; very near, very close—the superlative form of propinquus/propinqua/propinquum (1/2): near, close. Ārdet is the third person singular form of ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsum (2): to burn, be on fire.

Ārdet is the third person singular form of ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsum (2): to burn, be on fire. Amāns, amantis (3) is the present active participle (loving) of amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love. Dīdō, Dīdōnis (3f): Dido, first queen of Carthage.

Ex/ē (prep.): from, out of (takes ablative). Hāc is the feminine ablative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Vītā is the ablative singular form of vīta, vītae (1f): life. Ad (prep.): to, toward (takes the accusative). Illam is the feminine accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Ascenditur is the third person singular passive form of ascendō, ascendere, ascendī, ascēnsum (3): to ascend, climb; mount; go on board; rise to reach, attain.

(He’s describing how he spends the day.) Vehiculum is the accusative singular form of vehiculum, vehiculī (2n): carriage, vehicle. Ascendō, ascendere, ascendī, ascēnsum (3): to ascend, climb; mount; go on board; rise to reach, attain.

Cēnsus, cēnsūs (4m): census; property. Senātōrium is the m/n accusative singular form of senātōrius/senātōria/senātōrium (1/2): senatorial. Gradum is the accusative singular form of gradus, gradūs (4m): step, pace; rank. Ascendit is the third person singular form of ascendō, ascendere, ascendī, ascēnsum (3): to ascend, climb; mount; go on board; rise to reach, attain (a distinguished position).

Audeō, audēre, ausus sum (2, semi-deponent): to dare, venture (upon), risk (doing something, often with infinitive); have a mind (to), be prepared (to). Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Tibi: to you—the dative form of tū. Crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); believe; trust.

Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, speak. Sententiam is the accusative singular form of sententia, sententiae (1f): opinion, thought; sentence; meaning; maxim. Audēbō is the first person singular future form of audeō, audēre, ausus sum (2, semi-deponent): to dare, venture (upon), risk (doing something, often with infinitive); have a mind (to), be prepared (to).

Quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Sibi: (to) himself—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Vērum is the accusative singular form of vērum, vērī (2n): truth (a substantive use of vērus/vēra/vērum (1/2): true). Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, speak. Ausus est is the third person masculine singular perfect form of audeō, audēre, ausus sum (2, semi-deponent): to dare, venture (upon), risk (doing something, often with infinitive); have a mind (to), be prepared (to).

Facinus is the accusative singular form of facinus, facinoris (3n): deed, act; event; crime, misdeed. Audet is the third person singular form of audeō, audēre, ausus sum (2, semi-deponent): to dare, venture (upon), risk (doing something, often with infinitive); have a mind (to), be prepared (to) (it’s in the historical present). Pulcherrimum is the m/n accusative singular form of pulcherrimus/pulcherrima/pulcherrimum (1/2): very/most beautiful—the superlative form of pulcher/pulchra/pulchrum (1/2): beautiful, handsome—sometimes figuratively fine, splendid, wonderful, admirable, noble, glorious, etc.

Nē (adv.): not (in a wish, command, or purpose; usually with the subjunctive, occasionally with the imperative). Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Surdum is the m/n accusative singular form of surdus/surda/surdum (1/2): deaf. Esse: to be. Arbitrāre is the singular imperative form of arbitror, arbitrārī, arbitrātus sum (1, deponent): to judge, think, consider. Sī (conj.): if. Audēs is the second person singular form of audeō, audēre, ausus sum (2, semi-deponent): to dare, venture (upon), risk (doing something, often with infinitive); have a mind (to), be prepared (to), “please”. Sī audēs = (if you) please.

Tacē is the singular imperative form of taceō, tacēre, tacuī, tacitum (2): to be silent, be quiet. Sōdēs: (if you) please—a contraction of sī audēs: sī (conj.): if; audēs is the second person singular form of audeō, audēre, ausus sum (2, semi-deponent): to dare, venture (upon), risk (doing something, often with infinitive); have a mind (to), be prepared (to), “please”.

Vērane: vēra is the neuter nominative plural form of vērus/vēra/vērum (1/2): true; the enclitic interrogative particle –ne turns the word into part of a question. Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Vērane haec is an indirect question with its verb (sint = are) implied. Adfirmō, adfirmāre, adfirmāvī, adfirmātum (1—also affirmō): to confirm; affirm; make a (confident, definitive, dogmatic. . .) statement. Nōn: not. Ausim is the first person singular perfect subjunctive form of audeō, audēre, ausus sum (2, semi-deponent; ausim is based on an alternative, non-deponent third principal part): to dare, venture (upon), risk (doing something, often with infinitive); have a mind (to), be prepared (to) (a potential subjunctive).

(i.e., how to get rich.) Quam (interrog. adv. , here used in an exclamatory way): how (much)? to what degree? Valdē (adv.): strongly, intensely; very; very much. Cupis is the second person singular form of cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to wish, want, desire, long (for). Audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to).

Venter, ventris (3m): belly, stomach; womb; bowels. Praecepta is the accusative plural form of praeceptum, praeceptī (2n): piece of advice or teaching, precept; instruction. Nōn: not. Audit is the third person singular form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to).

Hanc is the feminine accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Excūsātiōnem is the accusative singular form of excūsātiō, excūsātiōnis (3f): excuse. Cavē is the singular imperative form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to beware (of); (with subjunctive) beware of (doing something), make sure not to. Audiās is the second person singular subjunctive form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to).

Audientem is the m/f accusative singular form of audiēns, audientis (3), the present active participle (hearing, listening) of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to). Dictō is the dative singular form dictum, dictī (2n): a thing that is said; words, utterance, saying; command—originally the neuter form of dictus/dicta/dictum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (having been said) of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Dictō audiēns = obedient. Māter is the vocative singular form of māter, mātris (3f): mother. Prōdūxistī is the second person singular perfect form of prōdūcō, prōdūcere, prōdūxī, prōductum (3): to bring forward; beget, produce; rear, bring up; draw out, prolong, lengthen. Fīliam is the accusative singular form of fīlia, fīliae (1f): daughter.

Is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Rēgī is the dative singular form of rēx, rēgis (3m): king. Dictō is the dative singular form of dictum, dictī (2n): a thing that is said; words, utterance, saying; command—originally the neuter form of dictus/dicta/dictum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (having been said) of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Audiēns, audientis (3) is the present active participle (hearing, listening) of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to). Dictō audiēns = obedient. Nōn: not. Erat: was—the third person singular imperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.

Audī is the singular imperative form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to). Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Prōmittam is the first person singular subjunctive form of prōmittō, prōmittere, prōmīsī, prōmissum (3): to send forth; let grow long; undertake to give; promise, guarantee (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).

Quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Sit is the third person singular subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to). Expetō, expetere, expetīvī/expetiī, expetītum (3): to ask for; seek after; desire, want, wish.

Geminum is the m/n accusative singular form of geminus/gemina/geminum (1/2): twin; double. Autem (particle): but, however, on the other hand; and, moreover; for my, your, his, etc. part. Frātrem is the accusative singular form of frāter, frātris (3m): brother. Serviō, servīre, servīvī/serviī, servītum (4): to serve; be a slave. Audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to). Hīc (adv.): here. Meum is the m/n accusative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine.

Tamen (adv.): nevertheless, yet, still. Nōs is the accusative form of nōs: we (us) (the first person plural is sometimes used instead of the first person singular). Rēctē (adv.): rightly. Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make; act. Et (conj.): and. Bene (adv.): well. Audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to); have things said to or about oneself, have a certain reputation; especially in the expressions bene audīre and male audīre. Vult is the third person singular form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish.

Nōs: we. Dēsidiā is the ablative singular form of dēsidia, dēsidiae (1f): idleness, sloth. Male (adv.): badly. Audīmus is the first person plural form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to); have things said to or about oneself, have a certain reputation; especially in the expressions bene audīre and male audīre.

Signum is the accusative singular form of signum, signī (2n): sign, mark; signal; emblem; statue; (esp. in Christian usage) miracle. Ex/ē (prep.): out of, from (takes the ablative). Arce is the ablative singular form of arx, arcis (3f): castle, citadel, fortress. Iam (adv.): already; now; soon. Auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum (3, irreg.): to carry off, take away; steal; remove, do away with.

Auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum (3, irreg.): to carry off, take away; steal; remove, do away with (the person that something is taken away from typically goes in the dative). Hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one (this man, this woman, etc.); he, she, it. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I (to/for/from me). Hērēditātem is the accusative singular form of hērēditās, hērēditātis (3f): inheritance. Voluit is the third person singular perfect form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish.

Secunda is the neuter nominative plural form of secundus/secunda/secundum (1/2): moving along with one, moving in the same direction; favorable; next; second; (n. pl. used substantively) favorable circumstances, good fortune. Rēctum is the m/n accusative singular form of rēctus/rēcta/rēctum (1/2): straight; right; (n. sg. used substantively) that which is right, righteousness, rectitude. Auferunt is the third person plural form of auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum (3, irreg.): to carry off, take away; steal; remove, do away with.

(But we change and are stolen from ourselves less perceptibly.) Aliī is the masculine nominative plural form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another. Auferuntur is the third person plural passive form of auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum (3, irreg.): to carry off, take away; steal; remove, do away with.

Magis (adv.): more. Iuvat is the third person singular form of iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtum (1): to help; benefit, avail; delight, gratify, please. Bibō, bibere, bibī, bibitum (3): to drink. Sitientem is the m/f (here m) accusative singular form of sitiēns, sitientis (3), the present active participle (thirsting) of sitiō, sitīre, sitīvī/sitiī, — (4): to thirst, be thirsty.

Aut (conj.): or (aut. . . aut = either. . . or). Bibat is the third person singular subjunctive form of bibō, bibere, bibī, bibitum (3): to drink. Aut (conj.): or. Abeat is the third person singular subjunctive form of abeō, abīre, abiī, abitum (irreg.): to depart, go away. (Both subjunctives are jussive.)

Cecidisse is the perfect infinitive form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall, drop; die (esp. in battle); pass away, disappear; turn out, fall out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to). Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Equō is the ablative singular form of equus, equī (2m): horse. Dīcitur is the third person singular passive form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say.

(He’s describing the feeble mind’s management of fears, comparing the mind or spirit to a body that trembles as it heads toward a seizure or some other kind of breakdown.) Praesūmit is the third person singular form of praesūmō, praesūmere, praesūmpsī, praesūmptum (3): to take, consume or perform in advance; anticipate; take for granted. Illa is the neuter accusative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Et (conj.): and. Ante (prep.): before; in front of (takes accusative). Tempus is the accusative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. Cadit is the third person singular form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall, drop; die (esp. in battle); pass away, disappear; turn out, fall out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to).

Cruentō is the m/n ablative singular form of cruentus/cruenta/cruentum (1/2): bloodstained; bloody; cruel. Cecidit is the third person singular perfect form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall, drop; die (esp. in battle); pass away, disappear; turn out, fall out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to). In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Bellō is the ablative singular form of bellum, bellī (2n): war. Pater, patris (3m): father.

(But it will be back; everything that seems to perish merely changes.) Hiemps, hiemis (3f—also hiems): winter. Cecidit is the third person singular perfect form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall, drop; die (esp. in battle); pass away, disappear; turn out, fall out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to).

(On the arrival of unexpected houseguests.) Tamen (adv.): nevertheless, yet, still. Remānsērunt is the third person plural perfect form of remaneō, remanēre, remānsī, remānsum (2): to remain, stay; endure. Ceciditque: cecidit is the third person singular perfect form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall, drop; die (esp. in battle); pass away, disappear; turn out, fall out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to); the enclitic conjunction –que adds and. Bellē (adv.): nicely, well, suitably, pleasantly.

Nōn: not. Cadet is the third person singular future form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall, drop; die (esp. in battle); pass away, disappear; turn out, fall out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to). Ergō (particle): therefore, so, then. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on (denoting position); (with acc.) into, onto, on (denoting motion), to. Sapientem is the accusative singular form of sapiēns, sapientis (3m): wise man, sage. Aegritūdō, aegritūdinis (3f): sorrow.

At (conj.): but. Nōn: not. Cadunt is the third person plural form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall, drop; die (esp. in battle); pass away, disappear; turn out, fall out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to). Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it (these things). In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on (denoting position); (with acc.) into, onto, on (denoting motion), to. Antōnium is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of Antōnius/Antōnia/Antōnium (1/2): a family name, here referring to the famous Mark Antony.

(i.e., he restrained himself because he was angry; from an anecdote about Plato.) Ob (prep.): toward; against, in front of, in the way of; because of (takes the accusative). Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Nōn: not. Cecīdit is the third person singular perfect form of caedō, caedere, cecīdī, caesum (3): to cut; strike; kill. Propter (prep.): near, close to; because of (takes the accusative). Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another. Cecīdisset is the third person singular pluperfect subjunctive form of caedō, caedere, cecīdī, caesum (3): to cut; strike; kill (pluperfect subjunctive because it’s past contrary to fact).

Cape is the singular imperative form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand. Stilum is the accusative singular form of stilus, stilī (2m): pointed object, spike; stylus for writing on wax; style of writing. Properē (adv.): quickly, in haste. Et (conj.): and. Tabellās is the accusative plural form of tabella, tabellae (1f): writing tablet. Tū: you (could be nominative or vocative). Hās is the feminine accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this (these). Tibi is the dative form of tū: you (to/for you/yourself; its use here is idiomatic and needn’t be translated).

(From a letter of Brutus to Cicero.) Multa is the neuter accusative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Castella is the accusative plural form of castellum, castellī (2n): a strong place, castle, fortress, stronghold. Capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand. Vāstō, vāstāre, vāstāvī, vāstātum (1): to devastate, lay waste.

At (conj.): but. Nēminem is the accusative form of nēmō, nēminis (3m): no one. Cēpistī is the second person singular perfect form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand.

Pāstor, pāstōris (3m): shepherd. Ex/ē (prep.): from, out of (takes ablative). Fētū is the ablative singular form of fētus, fētūs (4m): the act of giving birth; birth; offspring. Grex, gregis (3m): flock, pack; group. Suī: of his (own)—the m/n genitive singular form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Capit is the third person singular form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand. Voluptātem is the accusative singular form of voluptās, voluptātis (3f): pleasure.

Aedēs is the nominative plural form of aedēs, aedis (3f—also aedis): temple; room; (in pl. , with singular translation) house (it translates into English as house—singular—but it’s grammatically plural; hence the plural adjective and verb). Nostrae is the feminine nominative plural form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Vix (adv.): with difficulty; barely, hardly. Capient is the third person plural future form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand.

Ab/ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Hīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Initiīs is the ablative plural form of initium, initiī (2n): beginning. Nōs is the accusative form of nōs: we (us). Rēgna is the nominative plural form of rēgnum, rēgnī (2n): kingship; reign; kingdom. Nōn: not. Capiunt is the third person plural form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand.

(Of food, drink, and material possessions.) Quantum is the accusative form of quantum, quantī (interrog. pron.): how great an amount? how much? Capiam is the first person singular subjunctive form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to hold/contain, be large enough for; understand (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Adhūc (adv.): still, yet. Nesciō, nescīre, nescīvī/nesciī, nescītum (4): to not know.

Neque/nec: (conj.) and not, nor; (adv.) neither, not either, not even. Ratiōnem is the accusative singular form of ratiō, ratiōnis (3f): calculation, account; reasoning; reason; method; the way a thing works. Capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand.

Alterō is the m/n ablative singular form of alter/altera/alterum (1/2, irreg.): the other, the second; another, a second; one (of two). Oculō is the ablative singular form of oculus, oculī (2m): eye. Capitur is the third person singular passive form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand; (in the passive) become crippled (with ablative of the part affected) (a historical present).

Omnibus is the m/f/n ablative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Membrīs is the ablative plural form of membrum, membrī (2n): limb; body part; portion. Captum is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of captus/capta/captum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (taken, captured; afflicted, crippled) of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand; (in the passive) become crippled (with ablative of the part affected). Esse: to be.

Vir, virī (2m): man; husband. Caret is the third person singular form of careō, carēre, caruī, caritum (2): to lack, be devoid of, be free from, be without, not have; abstain from, deny oneself, keep away from (takes its object in the ablative case). Vītā is the ablative singular form of vīta, vītae (1f): life. Tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours.

Sed (conj.): but. Quaedam is the neuter nominative plural form of quīdam/quaedam/quiddam (pron.): someone, something; (in pl.) some, some people, some things. Animā is the ablative singular form of anima, animae (1f): breath; life; soul. Carent is the third person plural form of careō, carēre, caruī, caritum (2): to lack, be devoid of, be free from, be without, not have; abstain from, deny oneself, keep away from (takes its object in the ablative case). Ut (rel. adv.): as, like, such as. Saxa is the nominative plural form of saxum, saxī (2n): rock.

(One of the chief goods sought by Epicurus, along with a calm soul.) Dolōre is the ablative singular form of dolor, dolōris (3m): pain. Corpus, corporis (3n): body. Caret is the third person singular form of careō, carēre, caruī, caritum (2): to lack, be devoid of, be free from, be without, not have; abstain from, deny oneself, keep away from (takes its object in the ablative case).

Caruit is the third person singular perfect form of careō, carēre, caruī, caritum (2): to lack, be devoid of, be free from, be without, not have; abstain from, deny oneself, keep away from (takes its object in the ablative case). Forō is the ablative singular form of forum, forī (2n): forum, marketplace. Posteā (adv.): thereafter, afterwards. Pompēius/Pompēia/Pompēium (1/2): a family name (often referring to Pompey the Great).

(About a woman who didn’t word her will very carefully. Pliny is saying that since it’s clear to her heirs what she wanted, they should carry out her will as if she’d taken all the necessary precautions—and in a way she did, since she chose her heirs wisely.) Cāvit is the third person singular perfect form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, be careful, beware (of), guard against, take care, take precautions, make provision; prescribe, enact, decree. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Hērēdēs is the accusative plural form of hērēs, hērēdis (3m/f): heir, heiress. Bene (adv.): well. Ēlēgit is the third person singular perfect form of ēligō, ēligere, ēlēgī, ēlēctum (3): to choose, elect.

Metuēs is the second person singular future form of metuō, metuere, metuī, metūtum (3): to fear, be afraid, dread. Doctusque: doctus/docta/doctum (1/2) is the perfect passive participle (having been taught) of doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach; the enclitic conjunction –que adds and. Cavēbis is the second person singular future form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, be careful, beware (of), guard against, take care, take precautions, make provision; prescribe, enact, decree.

(A warning not to shit there.) Cacātor is the vocative singular form of cacātor, cacātōris (3m): shitter, one who defecates. Cavē is the singular imperative form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, be careful, beware (of), guard against, take care, take precautions, make provision, prescribe, enact, decree. Malum is the accusative singular form of malum, malī (2n): evil; trouble, misfortune; misdeed; disease.

Potest is the third person singular form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Fortūnam is the accusative singular form of fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune, luck; fate. Caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, be careful, beware (of), guard against, take care, take precautions, make provision; prescribe, enact, decree. Quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Potest is the third person singular form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum (3, irreg.): to carry, bear; endure.

Dicō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell. Ut (conj.): that, so that. Ab/ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Mē is the ablative form of ego: I (me). Caveās is the second person singular subjunctive form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, be careful, beware (of), guard against, take care, take precautions, make provision; prescribe, enact, decree (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect command).

Cavē is the singular imperative form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, be careful, beware (of), guard against, take care, take precautions, make provision; (with a subjunctive verb) take care that not, be careful not to, make sure not to. Ignōscās is the second person singular subjunctive form of ignōscō, ignōscere, ignōvī, ignōtum (3): to forgive, pardon.

(A plant when you’re digging it out.) Cavētō is the singular future imperative form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, be careful, beware (of), guard against, take care, take precautions, make provision; prescribe, enact, decree. Nē (conj. , with subjunctive): lest, that not. Frangātur is the third person singular passive subjunctive form of frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctum (3): to break.

(After tribunes were elected a certain way once, everyone decided the elections should work the same way going forward.) Itaque: ita (adv.): so, thus, in this/that way; the enclitic conjunction –que adds and. Cautum est is the third person neuter singular perfect passive form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, be careful, beware (of), guard against, take care, take precautions, make provision; prescribe, enact, decree. Ut (conj. , with subjunctive): that, so that. Posteā (adv.): thereafter, afterwards. Creārentur is the third person plural imperfect passive subjunctive form of creō, creāre, creāvī, creātum (1): to create, make; choose (a person for an office), elect.

Trānsversus/trānsversa/trānsversum (1/2): placed or moving crosswise or sideways. Nōn: not. Prōversus/prōversa/prōversum (1/2): facing or moving straight ahead. Cēdit is the third person singular form of cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum (3): to go, move; go away, withdraw, retreat; yield, submit, give up, surrender; result, turn out; pass into the possession of (dat. or in + acc.), fall/go/accrue/be given to (dat. or in + acc.). Quasi (conj.): as if; just as. Cancer, cancrī (2m): crab; tumor. Solet is the third person singular form of soleō, solēre, solitus sum (2, semi-deponent): to be accustomed to (doing something = infinitive), be in the habit of (doing something = infinitive), do (something = infinitive) habitually.

Reliquī is the masculine nominative plural form of reliquus/reliqua/reliquum (1/2): left, remaining, the rest. Sē: themselves—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Vertērunt is the third person plural perfect form of vertō, vertere, vertī, versum (3): to turn (around). Et (conj.): and. Locō is the ablative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place, position. Cessērunt is the third person plural perfect form of cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum (3): to go, move; go away, withdraw, retreat; yield, submit, give up, surrender; result, turn out; pass into the possession of (dat. or in + acc.), fall/go/accrue/be given to (dat. or in + acc.).

Quisquis/quicquid (rel. pron.): whoever, whatever; (sometimes, with reference to a masculine noun) whichever (here it refers to grief——dolor, dolōris (3m)). Ratiōnī is the dative singular form of ratiō, ratiōnis (3f): calculation, account; reasoning; reason; method; system; principle; the way a thing works. Cessit is the third person singular perfect form of cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum (3): to go, move; go away, withdraw, retreat; yield, submit, give up, surrender; result, turn out; pass into the possession of (dat. or in + acc.), fall/go/accrue/be given to (dat. or in + acc.). In perpetuum (idiomatic): for life, in perpetuity; forever; in (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into; for; sometimes also in with some sort of motion (literal or figurative) implied; perpetuum is the m/n (here n) accusative singular form of perpetuus/perpetua/perpetuum (2): continuous; permanent, life-long, perpetual (used substantively). Compōnitur is the third person singular passive form of compōnō, compōnere, composuī, compositum (3): to compose, arrange, build; settle, calm, allay.

(He’s talking about traveling and tourism; he says it achieves nothing when one stays the same.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into (or in with motion implied). Inritum is the m/n (here n) accusative singular form of inritus/inrita/inritum (1/2—also irritus): invalid; useless, ineffectual (used substantively). Cēdit is the third person singular form of cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum (3): to go, move; go away, withdraw, retreat; yield, submit, give up, surrender; result, turn out; pass into the possession of (dat. or in + acc.), fall/go/accrue/be given to (dat. or in + acc.). In inritum cēdit = results in no effect/is futile, etc. Iste/ista/istud (adj.): that (of yours). Iactātiō, iactātiōnis (3f): agitation, restless motion; boasting.

(When you live by virtue.) Omnia is the neuter nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (n. pl. used substantively) all things, everything. Tibi: to/for you—the dative form of tū: you. Ex/ē (prep.): from, out of; according to (takes the ablative). Sententiā is the ablative singular form of sententia, sententiae (1f): opinion, thought, idea, sentiment; decision, decree, sentence, judgment; purpose, intention, plan; meaning; maxim, epigram; sentence or clause (group of words). Ex sententiā = satisfactorily, to one’s liking, according to one’s plans or desires. Cēdent is the third person plural future form of cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum (3): to go, move; go away, withdraw, retreat; yield, submit, give up, surrender; result, turn out; pass into the possession of (dat. or in + acc.), fall/go/accrue/be given to (dat. or in + acc.).

Nunc (adv.): now. Temptā is the singular imperative form of temptō, temptāre, temptāvī, temptātum (1): to test; try, attempt; attack. Quōmodo (interrog. adv.): how? Tibi: to/for you—the dative form of tū: you. Cēdat is the third person singular subjunctive form of cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum (3): to go, move; go away, withdraw, retreat; yield, submit, give up, surrender; result, turn out; pass into the possession of (dat. or in + acc.), fall/go/accrue/be given to (dat. or in + acc.) (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Clēmentia, clēmentiae (1f): clemency, mercy.

Reliquus/reliqua/reliquum (1/2): left, remaining, the rest (of). Praeda, praedae (1f): booty, spoils, loot; prey. Victōribus is the dative plural form of victor, victōris (3m): victor, conqueror, winner. Cessit is the third person singular perfect form of cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum (3): to go, move; go away, withdraw, retreat; yield, submit, give up, surrender; result, turn out; pass into the possession of (dat. or in + acc.), fall/go/accrue/be given to (dat. or in + acc/).

Quid (interrog. adv.): why? Cessās is the second person singular form of cessō, cessāre, cessāvī, cessātum (1): to be slow to act, hold back, delay; cease; be idle, do nothing. Fortūna is the vocative singular form of fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune, chance, luck.

Saepe (adv.): often. Bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Māteria, māteriae (1f): material, matter, substance. Cessat is the third person singular form of cessō, cessāre, cessāvī, cessātum (1): to be slow to act, hold back, delay; cease; be idle, do nothing. Sine (prep.): without (takes the ablative). Artifice is the ablative singular form of artifex, artificis (3m): artist, craftsman.

Alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another; different (alius. . . alius = one. . . another). Est: it is. Cēlō, cēlāre, cēlāvī, cēlātum (1): to hide, conceal, keep secret; keep in ignorance. Alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another; different. Taceō, tacēre, tacuī, tacitum (2): to be silent (about).

At (conj.): but. Habet is the third person singular form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Et (conj.): and. Cēlat is the third person singular form of cēlō, cēlāre, cēlāvī, cēlātum (1): to hide, conceal, keep secret; keep in ignorance.

Ab/ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Omnī is the m/f/n ablative singular form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Dissidet is the third person singular form of dissideō, dissidēre, dissēdī, — (2): to sit apart, be apart; disagree. Turbā is the ablative singular form of turba, turbae (1f): commotion, disturbance, turmoil; crowd. Procul (adv.): far, far away; from afar. Cēlatque: cēlat is the third person singular form of cēlō, cēlāre, cēlāvī, cēlātum (1): to hide, conceal, keep secret; keep in ignorance; the enclitic conjunction –que adds and. Sēmet: himself—sē is the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun; the enclitic particle –met adds emphasis to a pronoun.

Nōn: not. Cēlābō is the first person singular future form of cēlō, cēlāre, cēlāvī, cēlātum (1): to hide, conceal, keep secret; keep in ignorance. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you.

Nōn: not. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Cēlō, cēlāre, cēlāvī, cēlātum (1): to hide, conceal, keep secret; keep in ignorance. Sermōnem is the accusative singular form of sermō, sermōnis (3m): conversation, speech. T. : abbreviation of the first name Titus, Titī (2m); the form used here would have been the genitive. Ampī (also Ampiī) is the m/n (here m) genitive singular form of the Roman family name Ampius/Ampia/Ampium (1/2).

Plūribus is the m/f/n ablative form of plūrēs/plūrēs/plūra (3, plural): more numerous, more (in number); more than one, several; many. Locīs is the ablative plural form of locus, locī (2m—but often n in the plural): place. Simul (adv.): at the same time, simultaneously; together. Pugna, pugnae (1f): fight, battle, combat. Coepit is the third person singular perfect form of coepī, coepisse, coeptum (3, –iō, defective; usually occurs only in the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses): to begin, start.

Huiusce: huius is the m/f/n genitive singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this; the enclitic particle –ce adds emphasis to a demonstrative word. Modus, modī (2m): a measured amount, quantity, measure; proper measure; moderation; limit; way, manner; sort, kind. Ōrātiōnem is the accusative singular form of ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis (3f): speech. Coepit is the third person singular perfect form of coepī, coepisse, coeptum (3, –iō, defective; usually occurs only in the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses): to begin, start.

Coepit is the third person singular perfect form of coepī, coepisse, coeptum (3, –iō, defective; usually occurs only in the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses): to begin, start. Dēlīberō, dēlīberāre, dēlīberāvī, dēlīberātum (1): to ponder, deliberate. Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes ablative). Morte is the ablative singular form of mors, mortis (3f): death.

Obsidērī is the passive infinitive form of obsideō, obsidēre, obsēdī, obsessum (2): to occupy; besiege. Urbs, urbis (3f): city. Coepta est is the third person feminine singular perfect passive form of coepī, coepisse, coeptum (3, –iō, defective; usually occurs only in the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses): to begin, start.

Utrimque (adv.): on either side, on both sides. Certābit is the third person singular future form of certō, certāre, certāvī, certātum (1): to compete, contend; fight. Īra, īrae (1f): anger.

Externa is the neuter nominative plural form of externus/externa/externum (1/2): external; foreign. Et (conj.) and. Domestica is the neuter nominative plural form of domesticus/domestica/domesticum (1/2): domestic, belonging to one’s household or country. Odia is the nominative plural form of odium, odiī (2n): hatred, grudge. Certō, certāre, certāvī, certātum (1): to compete, contend; fight (a historical infinitive). In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Animīs is the ablative plural form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul; the heart (figuratively), feelings, passions.

Locrēnsēs is the m/f (here m) nominative plural form of Locrēnsis/Locrēnsis/Locrēnse (3): Locrian (the Locrians were a Greek tribe that founded a colony in Italy). Portās is the accusative plural form of porta, portae (1f): gate. Rōmānīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of Rōmānus/Rōmāna/Rōmānum (1/2): Roman. Clausērunt is the third person plural perfect form of claudō, claudere, clausī, clausum (3): to shut, close; shut up, enclose, imprison; cover, hide, conceal; end, conclude.

Claudam is the first person singular future form of claudō, claudere, clausī, clausum (3): to shut, close; shut up, enclose, imprison; cover, hide, conceal; end, conclude. Inquit is the third person singular form of inquam (irreg. and defective): to say (inquit = he/she/it says or said). In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Cūriā is the ablative singular form of cūria, cūriae (1f): court; Senate-house; Senate. Vōs is the accusative form of vōs: you (pl.).

Aliās (adv.): at another time or times. Serēna is the neuter nominative plural form of serēnus/serēna/serēnum (1/2): clear, tranquil, serene; (n. pl. used substantively) clear conditions, clear skies (or sky), clear weather. Clauduntur is the third person plural passive form of claudō, claudere, clausī, clausum (3): to shut, close; shut up, enclose, imprison; cover, hide, conceal; end, conclude.

Poteram is the first person singular imperfect form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Hōc is the m/n ablative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Locō is the ablative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place, spot, point. Epistulam is the accusative singular form of epistula, epistulae (1f): letter. Claudō, claudere, clausī, clausum (3): to shut, close; shut up, enclose, imprison; cover, hide, conceal; end, conclude.

Stultē (adv.): foolishly, stupidly. Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it (these things). Cōgitantur is the third person plural passive form of cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think (of/about), consider, reflect (upon); plan, intend.

Cōgitā is the singular imperative form of cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think (of/about), consider, reflect (upon); plan, intend. Modestiam is the accusative singular form of modestia, modestiae (1f): moderation, restraint; modesty, respect for propriety. Eius is the m/f/n genitive singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that.

Mihi: (to/for) me—the dative form of ego: I. Parcō, parcere, pepercī/parsī, parsum (3): to spare (with dative). Atque/ac (conj.): and. Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Mē: me—the ablative form of ego: I. Cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think (of/about), consider, reflect (upon); plan, intend. Dēsinite is the plural imperative form of dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to cease, stop (doing something = infinitive).

Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Nunc (adv.): now. Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Cōgitās is the second person singular form of cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think (of/about), consider, reflect (upon); plan, intend.

Cōgite is the plural imperative form of cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum (3): to drive or bring together, round up, gather, collect; force, compel. Ovīs is the accusative plural form of ovis, ovis (3f): sheep. Puerī is the vocative plural form of puer, puerī (2m): boy, lad; child. (Compare the result using cōgitā (and puer): consider the sheep, lad!)

Improbī is the masculine nominative plural form of improbus/improba/improbum (1/2): immoral, wicked, vile; excessive, immoderate; relentless. Sunt: they are. Quī is the masculine nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Pecūniās is the accusative plural form of pecūnia, pecūniae (1f): money. Contrā (prep.): across from, in front of, facing, opposite; against; contrary to (takes accusative). Lēgēs is the accusative plural form of lēx, lēgis (3f): law. Cōgunt is the third person plural form of cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum (3): to drive or bring together, round up, gather, collect; force, compel.

Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what (that which). Necessitās, necessitātis (3f): necessity. Cōgit is the third person singular form of cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum (3): to drive or bring together, round up, gather, collect; force, compel. Dēfendit is the third person singular form of dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsum (3): to ward off; defend; justify.

Sōcratēs, Sōcratis (3m): Socrates. Cōgitur is the third person singular passive form of cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum (3): to drive or bring together, round up, gather, collect; force, compel. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Carcere is the ablative singular form of carcer, carceris (3m): prison. Morior, morī, mortuus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to die.

(The soul is speaking; since it’s separate from the body, it doesn’t have to worry about burial.) Nūllī is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any, none. Reliquiās is the accusative form of reliquiae, reliquiārum (1f, plural only): remains, remnants; leftovers. Meās is the feminine accusative plural form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine. Commendō, commendāre, commendāvī, commendātum (1): to entrust; recommend; commend, make agreeable.

Ōtium is the accusative singular form of ōtium, ōtiī (2n): freedom from business, leisure (sometimes esp. the leisure that follows retirement); inactivity; peace. Inquis is the second person singular form of inquam (irreg. and defective): to say. Seneca is the vocative singular form of Seneca, Senecae (1m). Commendās is the second person singular form of commendō, commendāre, commendāvī, commendātum (1): to entrust; recommend; commend, make agreeable. Mihi: to me—the dative form of ego: I.

Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul. Est: it is. Quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Sibi: to itself—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Commendet is the third person singular subjunctive form of commendō, commendāre, commendāvī, commendātum (1): to entrust; recommend; make agreeable (subjunctive because it expresses a kind of purpose; the relative clause can also be labeled a relative clause of characteristic). Omnia is the neuter accusative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (n. pl. used substantively) all things, everything.

Iugulō is the dative singular form of iugulum, iugulī (2n): collarbone; throat. Manum is the accusative singular form of manus, manūs (4f): hand. Commīsit is the third person singular perfect form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact (with = often dative), join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust.

Committat is the third person singular subjunctive form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact (with = often dative), join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust (a jussive subjunctive). Undās is the accusative plural form of unda, undae (1f): wave; water. Isthmos, isthmī (2m—also isthmus; the word is taken from Greek and –os is the Greek ending): a strip of land between two seas; an isthmus.

Hostēs is the nominative plural form of hostis, hostis (3m/f): enemy. Proelium is the accusative singular form of proelium, proeliī (2n): battle, combat. Committunt is the third person plural form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact (with = often dative), join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust (a historical present).

Imparem is the m/f accusative singular form of impār, imparis (3): unequal; ill-matched, not matching up. Cōpiīs is the ablative plural form of cōpia, cōpiae (1f): supply, abundance; troop, (pl.) troops, forces. Exercitum is the accusative singular form of exercitus, exercitūs (4m): army. Temere (adv.): rashly, recklessly, indiscreetly; without reason; at random. Pugnae is the dative singular form of pugna, pugnae (1f): battle. Commīsit is the third person singular perfect form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact (with = often dative), join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust.

Haec is the neuter accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptum (3): to write. A. is an abbreviation of ante (prep.): before (takes the accusative). D. is an abbreviation of diem, the accusative singular form of dies, diēī (5m/f): day. Viiii stands for nōnum, the m/n accusative singular form of nōnus/nōna/nōnum (1/2): ninth. Kal. stands for Kalendās, the accusative form of Kalendae, Kalendārum (1f, plural only—also Calendae): Calends (the first day of a month). Nov. stands for Novembrēs or Novembrīs, the m/f accusative plural form of November/Novembris/Novembre (3): of November, belonging to the month of November. Quō is the m/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. adj.): which. Diē is the ablative singular form of diēs, diēī (5m/f): day. Lūdī is the nominative plural form of lūdus, lūdī (2m): game. Committēbantur is the third person plural imperfect passive form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact (with = often dative), join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust. Diem nōnum logically belongs before the word ante, and in the ablative (on the ninth day before. . .). But the diem phrase in dates was usually attracted into the prepositional phrase, as here. Note that while we might think the ninth day before the Calends of November (i.e., November 1) would be October 23, it wasn’t so for the Romans. That’s because they counted inclusively (November 1 itself was included in the count).

(Because he’s punished when anger about it is still fresh.) Saepe (adv.): often. Quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Minus is the accusative form of minus, minōris (3n): a lesser amount, less. Commīsit is the third person singular perfect form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact (with = often dative), join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust. Plūs is the accusative singular form of plūs, plūris (3n): a larger amount, more. Patitur is the third person singular form of patior, patī, passus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to suffer, undergo; endure; allow.

Numquam (adv.): never. Committet is the third person singular future form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact (with = often dative), join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust. Ut (conj. , with subjunctive): that, so that. Aliēnum is the m/n accusative singular form of aliēnus/aliēna/aliēnum (1/2): of another, belonging to another; unfamiliar (the neuter is here used substantively to mean another’s property, that which belongs to another or a thing belonging to another). Appetat is the third person singular subjunctive form of appetō, appetere, appetīvī/appetiī, appetītum (3): to strive after, desire, covet.

Ēbriō is the m/n (here m) dative singular form of ēbrius/ēbria/ēbrium (1/2): drunk, drunken, intoxicated. Sēcrētum is the m/n accusative singular form of sēcrētus/sēcrēta/sēcrētum (1/2): secret—originally the perfect passive participle of sēcernō, sēcernere, sēcrēvī, sēcrētum (3): to separate, set aside. Sermōnem is the accusative singular form of sermō, sermōnis (3m): speech; conversation. Nēmō, nēminis (3m): no one. Committit is the third person singular form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact (with = often dative), join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust.

Male (adv.): badly. Īrātō is the m/n (here m) dative singular form of īrātus/īrāta/īrātum (2): angry. Ferrum is the accusative singular form of ferrum, ferrī (2n): iron or steel; blade; sword. Committitur is the third person singular passive form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact (with = often dative), join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust.

Aliquis/aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, something; anyone, anything. Vult is the third person singular form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish. Īrātō is the m/n (here m) dative singular form of īrātus/īrāta/īrātum (1/2): angry. Committī is the passive infinitive form of committō, committere, commīsī, commisum (3): to bring into contact (with = often dative), join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust. Ultiōnem is the accusative singular form of ultiō, ultiōnis (3f): revenge.

Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say; mean. Cōnābor is the first person singular future form of cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum (1, deponent): to make efforts, exert oneself; try, attempt, endeavor. Facio, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Manifestum is the m/n accusative singular form of manifestus/manifesta/manifestum (1/2): manifest, apparent, plain, clear.

Surge is the singular imperative form of surgō, surgere, surrēxī, surrēctum (3): to rise, get up, stand up, arise. Tū: you (could be taken as nominative or vocative). Dēbilis is the m/f vocative singular form of dēbilis/dēbilis/dēbile (3): disabled, crippled; weak, frail. Cōnātur is the third person singular form of cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum (1, deponent): to make efforts, exert oneself; try, attempt, endeavor. Et (conj.): and. Corruit is the third person singular form of corruō, corruere, corruī, — (3): to fall, fall down, collapse; be ruined, fail; overthrow.

(Because he’s still in their grasp.) Quārē (interrog. adv.): why? Vitia is the accusative plural form of vitium, vitiī (2n): vice, fault, flaw, defect. Sua: his (own)—the neuter accusative plural form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Nēmō, nēminis (3m): no man, no one, nobody. Cōnfitētur is the third person singular form of cōnfiteor, cōnfitērī, cōnfessus sum (2, deponent): to confess, admit, acknowledge.

Ego: I. Certē (adv.): certainly, surely, of course; at least, at any rate. Cōnfitēbor is the first person singular future form of cōnfiteor, cōnfitērī, cōnfessus sum (2, deponent): to confess, admit, acknowledge. Imbēcillitātem is the accusative singular form of imbēcillitās, imbēcillitātis (3f): weakness, feebleness, impotence. Meam is the feminine accusative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine.

(Consulting a philosopher.) Multum (adv.): much, a lot, greatly. Eam is the feminine accusative singular form of is/ea/id (adj.): this, that. Rem is the accusative singular form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; fact; event; deed; property. Prōfuisse is the perfect infinitive form of prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrum (irreg.): to benefit, avail, be useful, be helpful (takes a dative object). Sibi: (to) her(self)—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Cōnfessa est is the third person feminine singular perfect form of cōnfiteor, cōnfitērī, cōnfessus sum (2, deponent): to confess, admit, acknowledge.

Eō is the m/n ablative singular form of is/ea/id (adj.): this, that (modifying locō). Nōs: us, ourselves—the accusative form of nōs: we. Locō is the ablative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place. Cōnstituāmus is the first person plural subjunctive form of cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum (3): to put, place, set up; create, found, establish; decide, fix, appoint, determine, agree on (subjunctive because it’s hortatory). Quō is the m/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron): who, which, that, what. Ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Est: is. Cui is the m/f/n dative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron): who, which, that, what. Īrāscimur is the first person plural form of īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum (3, deponent): to be or become angry; the object of the anger goes in the dative case—thus cui.

Urbēs is the accusative plural form of urbs, urbis (3f): city. Cōnstituit is the third person singular form of cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum (3): to put, place, set up; create, found, establish; decide, fix, appoint, determine, agree on. Aetās, aetātis (3f): age. Hōra, hōrae (1f): hour. Dissolvit is the third person singular form of dissolvō, dissolvere, dissolvī, dissolūtum (3): to undo, dismantle, disintegrate, dissolve, destroy; unbind; set free; solve; refute; pay.

Cōnstituit is the third person singular perfect form of cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum (3): to put, place, set up; create, found, establish; decide, fix, appoint, determine, agree on. Fīliam is the accusative singular form of fīlia, fīliae (1f): daughter. Fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsum (3): to deceive.

Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Cōnstituerīs is the second person singular perfect subjunctive form of cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum (3): to put, place, set up; create, found, establish; decide, fix, appoint, determine, agree on (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, long, wish. Sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know.

Ad (prep.): to; at (takes the accusative). Cōnstitūtum is the m/n accusative singular form of cōnstitūtus/cōnstitūta/cōnstitūtum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (appointed) of cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum (3): to put, place, set up; create, found, establish; decide, fix, appoint, determine, agree on. Tempus is the accusative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. Vēnit is the third person singular perfect form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come—or it could be a historical present: venit (only the length of the e differs).

(Things in the universe change places and forms, but nothing gets lost.) Summā is the ablative singular form of summa, summae (1f): sum total, the whole; sum. Tamen (adv.): nevertheless, yet, still. Omnia is the neuter nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (n. pl. used substantively) all things, everything. Cōnstant is the third person plural form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of, be made of (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); be based or depend on (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); cost (with abl. or gen. of price); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact.

(What more could it then want? Nothing.) Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit. Cōnstat is the third person singular form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of, be made of (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); be based or depend on (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); cost (with abl. or gen. of price); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact. Sibi: to/for/with itself—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Et (conj.): and. Placidus/placida/placidum (1/2): peaceful, calm. Est: is.

Glōria, glōriae (1f): glory. Multōrum is the m/n (here m) genitive plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Iūdicīs (a contracted variant of iūdiciīs) is the ablative plural form of iūdicium, iūdiciī (2n): judgment; trial. Cōnstat is the third person singular form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of, be made of (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); be based or depend on (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); cost (with abl. or gen. of price); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact. Clāritās, clāritātis (3f): loudness; clarity, brightness; fame, renown. Bonōrum is the m/n (here m) genitive plural form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good.

Ex/ē (prep.): from, out of; of (takes ablative). Animō is the ablative singular form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit. Cōnstāmus is the first person plural form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of, be made of (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); be based or depend on (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); cost (with abl. or gen. of price); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact. Et (conj.): and. Corpore is the ablative singular form of corpus, corporis (3n): body.

Iste/ista/istud (adj.): that, this. Rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; fact; property. Animō is the ablative singular form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit; will, intention. Cōnstat is the third person singular form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of, be made of (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); be based or depend on (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); cost (with abl. or gen. of price); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact.

Parvō is the m/n ablative singular form of parvus/parva/parvum (1/2): small, little; unimportant (neuter used substantively as an ablative of price; the same goes with magnō below). Famēs, famis (3/5f): hunger. Cōnstat is the third person singular form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of, be made of (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); be based or depend on (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); cost (with abl. or gen. of price); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact. Magnō is the m/n ablative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large; important. Fastīdium, fastīdiī (2n): lack of appetite; squeamishness; fastidiousness; weariness; disgust; haughtiness, pride.

Tantum, tantī (2n): so great an amount, so much; this amount, this much; as great an amount, as much. Cōnstat is the third person singular form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of, be made of (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); be based or depend on (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); cost (with abl. or gen. of price); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact. Patrī is the dative singular form of pater, patris (3m): father. Captīvitās, captīvitātis (3f): captivity. Meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine.

Cōnstat is the third person singular form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of, be made of (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); be based or depend on (with ablative, with or without a preposition such as ex); cost (with abl. or gen. of price); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact. Semper (adv.): always. Gravem is the m/f accusative singular form of gravis/gravis/grave (3): heavy, weighty; grave, serious; grievous, severe. Sērium is the m/n accusative singular form of sērius/sēria/sērium (1/2): serious. Fuisse: to have been—the perfect infinitive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.

Vidēs is the second person singular form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. Honōrem is the accusative singular form of honor, honōris (3m): honor; public office. Et (conj.): and. Notam is the accusative singular form of nota, notae (1f): a mark; sign; a means of recognition; a mark of censure placed by the censors before a person’s name—hence figuratively a mark of infamy; disgrace. Possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Contemnī is the passive infinitive form of contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum (3): to despise, scorn, hold in contempt, consider as of no importance, disregard.

(When bad people do good things.) Factum is the accusative singular form of factum, factī (2n): act, deed; event; fact. Laudāvimus is the first person plural perfect form of laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum (1): to praise. Contempsimus is the first person plural perfect form of contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum (3): to despise, scorn, hold in contempt, consider as of no importance, disregard. Virum is the accusative singular form of vir, virī (2m): man.

(He’s describing people who are partway down the Stoic path. The verbs are singular because the implied grammatical subject is the singular noun genus: a kind (of people).) Mortem is the accusative singular form of mors, mortis (3f): death. Contemnit is the third person singular form of contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum (3): to despise, scorn, hold in contempt, consider as of no importance, disregard. Dolōrem is the accusative singular form of dolor, dolōris (3m): pain. Reformīdat is the third person singular form of reformīdō, reformīdāre, reformīdāvī, reformīdātum (1): to dread; shrink from, avoid through fear.

Terram is the accusative singular form of terra, terrae (1f): earth; land. Ōsculō is the ablative singular form of ōsculum, ōsculī (2n): kiss; (little) mouth, lips (usually with reference to kissing). Contigit is the third person singular perfect form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on, abut; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to.

(The “it” is a camp: castra, castrōrum (2n), which is always plural when it has that meaning; that’s why the plural haec is used to refer to it.) Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Silvam is the accusative singular form of silva, silvae (1f): forest, wood. Quandam is the feminine accusative singular form of quīdam/quaedam/quoddam (adj.): some, a certain, a(n). Contingēbant is the third person plural imperfect form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on, abut; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to.

Contigit is the third person singular perfect form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on, abut; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to. Illyricōs is the masculine accusative plural form of Illyricus/Illyrica/Illyricum (1/2): Illyrian (of Illyria, a region northwest of Greece). Profugā is the feminine ablative singular form of profugus/profuga/profugum (1/2): that flees or has fled; exiled. Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Coniuge is the ablative singular form of coniūnx, coniugis (3m/f): spouse; husband or wife. Fīnēs is the accusative plural form of fīnis, fīnis (3m): bound, boundary, border, limit; end.

Quandō (interrog. adv.): when? Ad (prep.): to; at (takes accusative). Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Gaudium is the accusative singular form of gaudium, gaudiī (2n): joy. Perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventum (4): to come (all the way to a place, condition, etc.), arrive. Continget is the third person singular future form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on, abut; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to.

Mihi is the dative form of ego: I (to me). Contingat is the third person singular subjunctive form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on, abut; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to (a jussive or optative subjunctive). Iste/ista/istud (adj.): that. Dērīsus, dērīsūs (4m): mockery, derision.

Nūllī is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any; (m. sg. used substantively) no one. Contigit is the third person singular form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on, abut; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to. Inpūne (adv.): with impunity. Nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum (3, deponent): to be born.

Nēmō, nēminis (3m): no one. Sibi: to himself—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Contigit is the third person singular perfect form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on, abut; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to.

Mortālēs is the m/f nominative plural form of mortālis/mortālis/mortāle (3): mortal; (used substantively) a mortal, a man, a human. Multī is the masculine nominative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Ut (rel. adv.): as. Ad (prep.): to; at (takes accusative). Lūdōs is the accusative plural form of lūdus, lūdī (2m): game, play, sport, pastime; (in pl.) public games, festival. Convēnerant is the third person plural pluperfect form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree.

Tūte (pron.): you yourself (an emphatic tū). Ipsum is the m/n accusative singular form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (pron.): (he) himself, (she) herself, (it) itself; he/she in person; that very person or thing. Convēnistī is the second person singular perfect form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree.

Cōnsulēs is the accusative plural form of cōnsul, cōnsulis (3m): consul. Conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree. Multōsque: multōs is the masculine accusative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many; the enclitic conjunction –que adds and. Nostrī is the m/n genitive singular form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): ours, ours. Ōrdō, ōrdinis (3m): rank; order, arrangement.

Frōns, frontis (3f): forehead, brow; front, façade; that which is outwardly visible, appearance. Populō is the dative singular form of populus, populī (2m): people; nation; general public. Noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Conveniat is the third person singular subjunctive form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent (with = often dative), be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree (subjunctive because it’s jussive).

Īlicōne: īlicō (adv.): on the spot; immediately; the enclitic interrogative particle –ne turns the word into part of a question. Ad (prep.): to; at (takes accusative). Praetōrem is the accusative singular form of praetor, praetōris (3m): praetor. Eō, īre, iī/īvī, itum (irreg.): to go. Convēnit is the third person singular perfect form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree.

Nam (particle): for. Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Mē: me—the accusative form of ego: I. Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Convēnit is the third person singular perfect form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree.

Condiciōnēs is the nominative plural form of condiciō, condiciōnis (3f): agreement; condition, term; situation. Nōn: not. Convēnērunt is the third person plural perfect form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree (some senses take the dative).

Convēnit is the third person singular perfect form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree. Utī (variant of ut, conj. , with subjunctive): that, so that. Cōnsul, cōnsulis (3m): consul. Rēgēsque: rēgēs is the nominative plural form of rēx, rēgis (3m): king. Eō is the m/n ablative singular form of is/ea/id (adj.): this, that. Locō is the ablative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place, spot, location. Posterō is the m/n ablative singular form of posterus/postera/posterum (1/2): future, later; next, following. Diē is the ablative singular form of diēs, diēī (5m/f): day. Congrederentur is the third person plural imperfect subjunctive form of congredior, congredī, congressus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to approach, accost; meet; join battle; contend.

(That gratitude is honorable.) In (prep.) (with abl.): in, on; (with acc.) into, onto (or on with motion). Hōc is the m/n (here n) ablative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Bonīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Malīsque: malīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of malus/mala/malum (1/2): bad; the enclitic conjunction –que adds and. Conveniet is the third person singular future form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree.

(He’s saying: let’s reserve judgment about your friend until he shows that he and his vices have actually become enemies.) Nunc (adv.): now; as it is now. Illīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it (for/between them). Male (adv.): badly. Convenit is the third person singular form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree.

Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Frātrī is the dative singular form of frāter, frātris (3m): brother. Mēcum: with me (mē = me; cum = with). Nōn: not. Conveniunt is the third person plural form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree.

Iūdex, iūdicis (3m/f): judge. Inter (prep.): between; among (takes the accusative). Eōs is the masculine accusative plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): this, that; he, she, it. Convēnit is the third person singular perfect form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree. Atīlius/Atīlia/Atīlium (1/2): nomen (family name) of a Roman general. Cālātīnus, Cālātīnī (2m): cognomen of the same (the cognomen could distinguish a branch of the larger family/clan).

Carbasa is the accusative plural form of carbasus, carbasī (2f—but neuter in the plural): fine linen; linen cloth; sail. Ventīs is the dative plural form of ventus, ventī (2m): wind. Crēdit is the third person singular form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe; believe in (the existence of). Dubius/dubia/dubium (1/2): doubtful, uncertain. Nāvita, nāvitae (1m): sailor. Vīta, vītae (1f): life.

Pecūnia, pecūniae (1f): money. Etiam (particle): still; also; even. Male (adv.): badly. Crēditae is the feminine genitive singular form of crēditus/crēdita/crēditum (1/2), the perfect passive participle of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe; believe in (the existence of). Exāctiō, exāctiōnis (3f): a driving out, expelling; a collection, exaction, calling in (of debts, taxes and the like). Est: there is.

Crēdēbat is the third person singular imperfect form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe (the person trusted or believed to be telling the truth goes in the dative); believe in (the existence of). Eōrum: of them—the m/n (here m) genitive plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Nēminī is the dative form of nēmō, nēminis (3m): no one.

Mihi: (to) me—the dative form of ego: I. Crēde is the singular imperative form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe (the person trusted or believed to be telling the truth goes in the dative); believe in (the existence of).

Id is the neuter accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Volunt is the third person plural form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want. Crēdunt is the third person plural form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe; believe in (the existence of). Quoque (adv.): too, also, as well.

(Beforehand: Death ought to be scorned more than it is.) Multa is the neuter accusative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes ablative). Illā is the feminine ablative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Crēdidimus is the first person plural perfect form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe; believe in (the existence of).

Mihi: (to) me—the dative form of ego: I. Crēdite is the plural imperative form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe (the person trusted or believed to be telling the truth goes in the dative; the thing believed to be the case can be represented by an accusative word); believe in (the existence of). Id is the neuter accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ipsī is the masculine nominative plural form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (pron. or adj.): himself/herself/itself/oneself/yourself/etc. ; in person; the very. Vidētis is the second person plural form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see.

Nōs: us, ourselves—the accusative form of nōs: we. Possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Nōn: not. Crēdimus is the first person plural form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe; believe in (the existence of).

Metum is the accusative singular form of metus, metūs (4m): fear. Crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe; believe in (the existence of). Valuisse is the perfect infinitive form of valeō, valēre, valuī, valitum (2): to be strong, be well, be healthy; be strong enough (to), be able; be of effect; prevail; be worth. Et (conj.): and. Arma is the accusative form of arma, armōrum (2n, plural only): arms, weapons.

Prīmus/prīma/prīmum (1/2): first; foremost. Est: is. Deōrum is the genitive plural form of deus, deī (2m, irreg.): god. Cultus, cultūs (4m): cultivation; personal care; style of dress; ornament; worship; devotion; respect. Deōs is the accusative plural form of deus, deī (2m, irreg.): god. Crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe; believe in (the existence of).

Crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe; believe in; in Church Latin often with in + acc. for the sense to believe in (God). In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into (sometimes still idiomatically translated as in, but always denoting some sort of motion—here, figuratively, the speaker’s belief goes toward God). Ūnum is the m/n accusative singular form of ūnus/ūna/ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one. Deum is the accusative singular form of deus, deī (2m, irreg.): god.

Scit is the third person singular form of sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know. Tempore is the ablative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time, season; circumstance(s), occasion. Honesta is the neuter accusative plural form of honestus/honesta/honestum (1/2): honorable, noble. Nōn: not. Crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum (3): to grow, increase.

(Talking about reason.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Opere is the ablative singular form of opus, operis (3n): work. Crēscit is the third person singular form of crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum (3): to grow, increase.

(He’s talking about wealth or riches—dīvitiae, dīvitiārum (1f, plural only)—and comparing them to time.) Sī (conj.): if. Bonō is the m/n dative singular form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Custōdī is the dative singular form of custōs, custōdis (3m/f): keeper, guardian, protector, custodian. Trāditae sunt is the third person feminine plural perfect passive form of trādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditum (3): to hand over; entrust. Ūsū is the ablative singular form of ūsus, ūsūs (4m): use; practice. Crēscunt is the third person plural form of crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum (3): to grow, increase.

Et (conj.): and. Auxit is the third person singular perfect form of augeō, augēre, auxī, auctum (2): to increase (something), enlarge, make bigger. Fornicātiōnēs is the accusative plural form of fornicātiō, fornicātiōnis (3f): fornication. Suās: her (own)—the feminine accusative plural form of suus/sua/suum (1/2).

Quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what (he who). Multum is the accusative singular form of multum, multī (2n): a large amount, much. Habet is the third person singular form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Plūs is the accusative form of plūs, plūris (3n): a larger amount, more. Cupit is the third person singular form of cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, wish for, want.

Tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātum (3): to pick up, lift (up), raise, rear (up). Fīliōs is the accusative plural form of fīlius, fīliī (2m): son. Cupiunt is the third person plural form of cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, wish for, want.

Id is the neuter accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Omnī is the m/f/n ablative singular form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Modō is the ablative singular form of modus, modī (2m): measure; limit; way, manner, means. Cōnsequor, cōnsequī, cōnsecūtus sum (3, deponent): to follow; catch up with; attain. Cupiet is the third person singular future form of cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, wish for, want.

Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, wish for, want. Pereō, perīre, periī, peritum (irreg.): to become lost, vanish, disappear; be destroyed, perish, die. Mēcum: with me (mē = me; cum = with).

(If you want him to cry when you’re dead, don’t leave him anything in your will.) Sī (conj.): if. Cupis is the second person singular form of cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, wish for, want. Ut (conj. , with subjunctive): that, so that. Plōret is the third person singular subjunctive form of plōrō, plōrāre, plōrāvī, plōrātum (1): to weep aloud, cry, wail. Dēs is the second person singular subjunctive form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1): to give (subjunctive because it’s a command). Mariāne is the masculine vocative singular form of the family name Mariānus/Mariāna/Mariānum (1/2). Nihil (n, indeclinable nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing.

Cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, wish for, want. Mehercule is an interjection used (typically by males) as an oath to strengthen a statement: by Hercules! Possīs is the second person singular subjunctive form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come.

In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Medium is the m/n accusative singular form of medius/media/medium (1/2): middle (often used where in English we would say the middle/midst of. . . ; since it’s an adjective, it agrees with the noun that would come after of in English). Cucurrit is the third person singular perfect form of currō, currere, cucurrī, cursum (3): to run, hasten, travel quickly. Incendium is the accusative singular form of incendium, incendiī (2n): fire, conflagration.

(Everything is always changing, including us.) Quidquid is the neuter accusative singular form of quisquis/quidquid (rel. pron. ; the neuter form is also spelled quicquid): whoever, whatever. Vidēs is the second person singular form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. Currit is the third person singular form of currō, currere, cucurrī, cursum (3): to run, hasten, travel quickly. Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Tempore is the ablative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time.

Cēterī is the masculine nominative plural form of cēterus/cētera/cēterum (1/2): (all) (the) other(s), the rest (of). Convīvae is the nominative plural form of convīva, convīvae (1m/f): table companion, one who feasts with another, guest. Circā (prep.): around (takes accusative). Lābrum is the accusative singular form of lābrum, lābrī (2n): large basin, vat, tub. Manibus is the ablative plural form of manus, manūs (4f): hand. Nexīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of nexus/nexa/nexum (1/2), the perfect passive participle of nectō, nectere, nexī, nexum (3): to weave; interweave, intertwine; bind; join, unite, connect, hold together. Currēbant is the third person plural imperfect form of currō, currere, cucurrī, cursum (3): to run, hasten, travel quickly.

Fluunt is the third person plural form of fluō, fluere, flūxī, flūxum (3): to flow, stream, pour. Diēs is the nominative plural form of diēs, diēī (5m/f): day. Et (conj.): and. Irreparābilis/irreparābilis/irreparābile (3—also inreparābilis): irreparable, irrecoverable, irretrievable. Vīta, vītae (1f): life. Dēcurrit is the third person singular form of dēcurrō, dēcurrere, dēcurrī/dēcucurrī, dēcursum (3): to run down; flow down; rush down; hasten down; run (in a race or for exercise); perform military exercises; travel over.

(It’s ambiguous whether the word vīta belongs to the main clause or to the dum clause: dum differtur, vīta trānscurrit or dum differtur vīta, trānscurrit.) Dum (conj.): while, as; until; as long as. Differtur is the third person singular passive form of differō, differre, distulī, dīlātum (3, irreg.): to carry in different directions, scatter; delay, put off, postpone; differ. Vīta, vītae (1f): life. Trānscurrit is the third person singular form of trānscurrō, trānscurrere, trānscurrī/trānscucurrī, trānscursum (3): to run or travel rapidly across, over, through, or past.

(I’m in the same boat as people who are ruined through no fault of their own—i.e., . . .) Omnēs is the m/f nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (m. pl. used substantively) all (people), everyone. Ignōscunt is the third person plural form of ignōscō, ignōscere, ignōvī, ignōtum (3): to forgive, pardon. Nēmō, nēminis (3m): no one. Succurrit is the third person singular form of succurrō, succurrere, succurrī, succursum (3): to run under; run or hasten to the rescue of; help, rescue, assist (takes a dative object).

(Philosophy.) Illī is the m/f/n dative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Vītam is the accusative singular form of vīta, vītae (1f): life. Dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should, be under an obligation (to), be supposed (to); be bound (to). Et (conj.): and. Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Minus is the neuter accusative singular form of minor/minor/minus (3): smaller, lesser, less—the comparative form of parvus/parva/parvum (1/2): small, little.

(From the journey toward death. Seneca is reporting the words that Marcia’s father said to her.) Revocō, revocāre, revocāvī, revocātum (1): to call back, recall. Mē: me—the accusative form of ego: I. Neque/nec (conj. and adv.): and not, nor; neither, not either, not even (nec. . . nec = neither. . . nor). Dēbēs is the second person singular form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should, be under an obligation (to), be supposed (to); be bound (to). Neque/nec (conj. and adv.): and not, nor; neither, not either, not even. Potes is the second person singular form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can.

(All things.) Nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum (3, deponent): to be born. Dēbent is the third person plural form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should, be under an obligation (to), be supposed (to); be bound (to). Crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum (3): to grow. Exstinguī is the passive infinitive form of exstinguō, exstinguere, exstīnxī, exstīnctum (3—also extinguō): to extinguish; kill, destroy.

Quemadmodum (interrog. adv.): how? Sānārī is the passive infinitive form of sānō, sānāre, sānāvī, sānātum (1): to heal, cure. Dēbeat is the third person singular subjunctive form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should, be under an obligation (to), be supposed (to); be bound (to) (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Mōnstrā is the singular imperative form of mōnstrō, mōnstrāre, mōnstrāvī, mōnstrātum (1): to point out, show.

Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Dēbuistī is the second person singular perfect form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should, be under an obligation (to), be supposed (to); be bound (to).

(Instead of dying of chagrin when his brother lost an election.) Moderātius (adv.): more moderately, more temperately—the comparative form of moderātē (adv.): in a restrained manner, with moderation, moderately, temperately. Igitur (conj.): therefore, so, then. Ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum (3, irreg.): to carry, bear, bring; endure; produce; win, obtain; tell, say, relate. Dēbuit is the third person singular perfect form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should, be under an obligation (to), be supposed (to); be bound (to).

(If the spirit is beneath the station, the station is dragged down to the level of the spirit.) Magnam is the feminine accusative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large. Fortūnam is the feminine accusative singular form of fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune, luck; condition, fate, lot, position in life. Magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large. Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit. Decet, decēre, decuit, — (2, third person only): to be fitting, suitable, proper or becoming; suit, befit, beseem.

Cautiō, cautiōnis (3f): caution. Illum is the masculine accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Decet, decēre, decuit, — (2, third person only): to be fitting, suitable, proper or becoming; suit, befit, beseem. Timor, timōris (3m): fear, dread. Nōn: not. Decet, decēre, decuit, — (2, third person only): to be fitting, suitable, proper or becoming; suit, befit, beseem.

Aperta is the neuter nominative plural form of apertus/aperta/apertum (1/2): open—originally the perfect passive participle (having been opened) of aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum (4): to open; uncover; disclose, reveal. Decent is the third person plural form of decet, decēre, decuit, — (2, third person only): to be fitting, suitable, proper or becoming; suit, befit, beseem. Et (conj.): and. Simplicia is the neuter nominative plural form of simplex, simplicis (3, adj.): single, onefold, uncompounded; simple; artless, candid. Bonitātem is the accusative singular form of bonitās, bonitātis (3f): the good quality of a person or thing; goodness, excellence.

Temporī is the dative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time; the circumstances existing at a particular time, the conditions of the moment. Aptārī is the passive infinitive form of aptō, aptāre, aptāvī, aptātum (1): to adapt, fit, adjust (the reflexive passive). Decet, decēre, decuit, — (2, third person only): to be fitting, suitable, proper or becoming; suit, befit, beseem.

Neque/nec (conj. and adv.): and not, nor; neither, not either, not even. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Decet, decēre, decuit, — (2, third person only): to be fitting, suitable, proper or becoming; suit, befit, beseem (it can take an accusative-and-infinitive clause as subject). Hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into, onto (or in or on with motion). Ipsā is the feminine ablative singular form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/etc. ; in person; the very. Scaenā is the ablative singular form of scaena, scaenae (1f): stage. Fīō, fierī, —, — (irreg.): to be done; be made; happen; become.

(He’s having an imaginary dialogue with the founder of Stoicism.) Quid (interrog. adv.): why? Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Dēcipis is the second person singular form of dēcipiō, dēcipere, dēcēpī, dēceptum (3, –iō): to deceive. Zēnō is the vocative singular form of Zēnō, Zēnōnis (3m—also Zēnōn): Zeno of Citium, founder of the Stoic school of philosophy.

(The less literal translations, turning all these men into the subject, better renders the emphasis conveyed by the Latin word order.) Omnēs is the m/f accusative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Istōs is the masculine accusative plural form of iste/ista/istud (pron.): that (one), this (one); he, she, it. Oblectāmenta is the nominative plural form of oblectāmentum, oblectāmentī (2n): delight, pleasure, amusement. Fallācia is the neuter nominative plural form of fallāx, fallācis (3, adj.): deceitful, deceptive. Et (conj.): and. Brevia is the neuter nominative plural form of brevis/brevis/breve (3): short, brief. Dēcipiunt is the third person plural form of dēcipiō, dēcipere, dēcēpī, dēceptum (3, –iō): to deceive.

Lēctiō, lēctiōnis (3f): a reading; reading out loud. Certus/certa/certum (1/2): fixed, settled, specified, definite, particular; sure, certain. Prōdest is the third person singular form of prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrus (irreg.): to benefit, be useful, be helpful (takes the dative). Varius/varia/varium (1/2): various, varied, diverse, changing. Dēlectat is the third person singular form of dēlectō, dēlectāre, dēlectāvī, dēlectātum (1): to delight, please.

Malus/mala/malum (1/2): bad, ill; evil. Opīniō, opīniōnis (3f): opinion, belief; reputation, repute. Bene (adv.): well. Partus/parta/partum (1/2) is the perfect passive participle (acquired) of pariō, parere, peperī, partum (3): to give birth to; cause; produce; get, win, acquire. Dēlectet is the third person singular subjunctive form of dēlectō, dēlectāre, dēlectāvī, dēlectātum (1): to delight, please (subjunctive because it’s jussive).

Enniō is the m/n (here m) ablative singular form of the family name Ennius/Ennia/Ennium (1/2); here, as often, it refers to the famous early Roman poet Ennius. Dēlector is the first person singular passive form of dēlectō, dēlectāre, dēlectāvī, dēlectātum (1): to delight, please.

(To enter the fray.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Arēnam is the accusative singular form of arēna, arēnae (1f—also harēna): sand; arena; place of combat. Dēscendō, dēscendere, dēscendī, dēscēnsum (3): to descend, go down; sink, penetrate deeply.

Vīs, vīs (3f, irreg.): power, force; violence. Istō (adv.): there (with motion), thither, to that place. Dīvīnus/dīvīna/dīvīnum (1/2): divine. Dēscendit is the third person singular perfect form of dēscendō, dēscendere, dēscendī, dēscēnsum (3): to descend, go down; sink, penetrate deeply.

Dēscendit is the third person singular perfect form of dēscendō, dēscendere, dēscendī, dēscēnsum (3): to descend, go down; sink, penetrate deeply. Vulnus, vulneris (3n): wound. Ad (prep.): to, toward. Ossa is the accusative plural form of os, ossis (3n): bone. Meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine.

Sī (conj.): if. Dēseris is the second person singular form of dēserō, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertum (3): to desert, abandon (a place, person, or thing), fail (someone), give up (something; the verb is transitive). Tū: you. Periimus is the first person plural perfect form of pereō, perīre, periī, peritum (irreg.): to become lost, vanish, disappear; be destroyed, perish, die—sometimes used hyperbolically (often in the perfect) to mean to be done for, ruined, etc.

Petrēius/Petrēia/Petrēium (1/2): Roman family name. Vērō (particle): truly, in truth, indeed; but, however, on the other hand; and, moreover; for my, your, his, etc. part. Nōn: not. Dēserit is the third person singular form of dēserō, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertum (3): to desert, abandon (a place, person, or thing), fail (someone), give up (something; the verb is transitive) (the historical present). Sēsē: himself—a variant of sē, the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun.

Nōbilitās, nōbilitātis (3f): nobility, aristocracy. Rem is the accusative singular form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; fact; property; interest, welfare. Pūblicam is the feminine accusative singular form of pūblicus/pūblica/pūblicum (1/2): public, of the state. Rēs pūblica = the state, commonwealth, republic, politics, government, public affairs, public interest. Dēseruerat is the third person singular pluperfect form of dēserō, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertum (3): to desert, abandon (a place, person, or thing), fail (someone), give up (something; the verb is transitive).

Ego: I. Meam is the feminine accusative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine. Salūtem is the accusative singular form of salūs, salūtis (3f): safety; salvation. Dēserō, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertum (3): to desert, abandon (a place, person, or thing), fail (someone), give up (something; the verb is transitive).

Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Ūnum is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of ūnus/ūna/ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one; alone; only. Dēsīderō, dēsīderāre, dēsīderāvī, dēsīderātum (1): to long for; miss; want, desire; need, require.

Exiguum is the accusative singular form of exiguum, exiguī (2n): a small amount (a substantive use of exiguus/exigua/exiguum (1/2): small, scanty). Nātūra, nātūrae (1f): nature. Dēsīderat is the third person singular form of dēsīderō, dēsīderāre, dēsīderāvī, dēsīderātum (1): to long for; miss; want, desire; need, require. Opīniō, opīniōnis (3f): opinion, belief. Inmēnsum is the accusative singular form of inmēnsum, inmēnsī (2n—also immēnsum): a boundless space, extent or amount, an immensity (a substantive use of inmēnsus/inmēnsa/inmēnsum (1/2—also immēnsus): boundless, endless; immense; immeasurable).

Quisquis/quicquid (rel. pron. ; the neuter form is also spelled quidquid): whoever, whatever. Ex/ē (prep.): from, out of; according to (takes ablative). Necessitāte is the ablative singular form of necessitās, necessitātis (3f): necessity. Dēsīderātur is the third person singular passive form of dēsīderō, dēsīderāre, dēsīderāvī, dēsīderātum (1): to long for; miss; want, desire; need, require. Sine (prep.): without (takes the ablative). Fastīdiō is the ablative singular form of fastīdium, fastīdiī (2n): lack of appetite; squeamishness; fastidiousness; disgust. Sūmitur is the third person singular passive form of sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptum (3): to take; take up; take on, assume, adopt.

(How to manage anger: ask it to wait a bit before you act.) Dēsinet is the third person singular future form of dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to cease, stop, end. Sī (conj.): if. Expectat is the third person singular form of expectō, expectāre, expectāvī, expectātum (1—also exspectō): to wait (for), await; expect; look forward to.

(Speaking of the present moment.) Ante (adv.): before, earlier, previously. Dēsinit is the third person singular form of dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to cease, stop, end. Esse: to be. Quam (rel. adv.): as; than. Ante. . . quam (also written as one word) = earlier than; i.e., before. Vēnit is the third person singular perfect form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come; it could also be venit, present tense.

(An advantage of death.) Dēsinam is the first person singular future form of dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to cease, stop, end. Alligārī is the passive infinitive form of alligō, alligāre, alligāvī, alligātum (1—also adligō): to bind, fetter; oblige. Possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can.

Mulier, mulieris (3f): woman. Tēlam is the accusative singular form of tēla, tēlae (1): cloth being woven on a loom; loom; web. Dēsinit is the third person singular form of dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to cease (from), stop, end (it’s in the historical present). Continuō (adv.): at once, immediately.

(Icarus.) Territus/territa/territum (1/2) is the perfect passive participle of terreō, terrēre, terruī, territum (2): to frighten, terrify. Ab/ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Summō is the m/n ablative singular form of summus/summa/summum (1/2): highest; sometimes translated as the summit of, the highest part of, and similar wordings—the superlative form of superus/supera/superum (1/2): upper, of above, situated above. Dēspexit is the third person singular perfect form of dēspiciō, dēspicere, dēspexī, dēspectum (3, –iō): to look down (at/on); look down on, despise, scorn, disdain. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, at (as a position); (with acc.) into, onto, on (with motion), to, toward, at (again, with motion). Aequora is the accusative plural form of aequor, aequoris (3n): flat surface; sea. Caelō is the ablative singular form of caelum, caelī (2n): sky, heaven.

(The likely perspective of the soul if it survives death.) Hūmāna is the neuter accusative plural form of hūmānus/hūmāna/hūmānum (1/2): human, belonging to human beings. Omnia is the neuter accusative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Ex/ē (prep.): out of, from (takes the ablative). Locō is the ablative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place. Superiōre is the m/f/n ablative singular form of superior/superior/superius (3): higher; superior—the comparative form of superus/supera/superum (1/2): upper, of above, situated above. Dēspicit is the third person singular form of dēspiciō, dēspicere, dēspexī, dēspectum (3, –iō): to look down (at/on); look down on, despise, scorn, disdain.

Tōtum is the m/n accusative singular form of tōtus/tōta/tōtum (1/2, irreg.): whole, entire. Fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune. Rēgnum is the accusative singular form of rēgnum, rēgnī (2n): kingship; reign; kingdom, realm, domain. Dēspiciam is the first person singular future form of dēspiciō, dēspicere, dēspexī, dēspectum (3, –iō): to look down (at/on); look down on, despise, scorn, disdain.

Perīculōsior/perīculōsior/perīculōsius (3): more dangerous—the comparative form of perīculōsus/perīculōsa/perīculōsum (1/2): dangerous. Est: it is. Autem (particle): but, however, on the other hand; and, moreover; now; for my, your, his, etc. part (it marks a transition to a new topic or to the next step in an argument, etc. ; it doesn’t always need a translation). Timērī is the passive infinitive form of timeō, timēre, timuī, — (2): to fear, be afraid. Quam (rel. adv.): than. Dēspicī is the passive infinitive form of dēspiciō, dēspicere, dēspexī, dēspectum (3, –iō): to look down (at/on); look down on, despise, scorn, disdain.

Dēerat is the third person singular imperfect form of dēsum, dēesse/dēsse, dēfuī, dēfutūrus (irreg.): to be lacking, be missing; fail (in one’s duty or support to), let down (takes the dative). Illīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Iūstitia, iūstitiae (1f): justice, fairness.

Cui is the m/f/n dative singular form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Enim (particle): for, indeed. Tandem (adv.): at last, finally, eventually, in the end; (conveying annoyance, impatience, or the like, in a question) pray. Vitiō is the dative singular form of vitium, vitiī (2n): vice, fault, flaw, defect. Advocātus, advocātī (2m): advocate, defender. Dēfuit is the third person singular perfect form of dēsum, dēesse/dēsse, dēfuī, dēfutūrus (irreg.): to be lacking, be missing; fail (in one’s duty or support to), let down (takes the dative).

Tamen (adv.): nonetheless, yet, still. Nūllā is the feminine ablative singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, none, not any. Rē is the ablative singular form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; fact; property. Salūtī is the dative singular form of salūs, salūtis (3f): health; welfare; safety; preservation; salvation. Tuae is the feminine dative singular form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Dēsum, dēesse/dēsse, dēfuī, dēfutūrus (irreg.): to be lacking, be missing; fail (in one's duty or support to), let down.

Ego: I. Tuīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours (used substantively in the masculine plural it means your family or your men, your followers, etc. , depending on context). Neque/nec (conj. and adv.): and not, nor; neither, not either, not even (nec. . . nec = neither. . . nor). Dēsum, dēesse/dēsse, dēfuī, dēfutūrus (irreg.): to be lacking, be missing; fail (in one's duty or support to), let down. Neque/nec (conj. and adv.): and not, nor; neither, not either, not even. Dēerō is the first person singular future form of dēsum, dēesse/dēsse, dēfuī, dēfutūrus (irreg.): to be lacking, be missing; fail (in one's duty or support to), let down.

Haec is the neuter accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Aliīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another. Dīc is the singular imperative form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to.

Assuēscēs is the second person singular future form of assuēscō, assuēscere, assuēvī, assuētum (3—also adsuēscō): to get used (to), become accustomed (to). Et (conj.): and (et. . . et = both. . . and). Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to. Vērum is the accusative singular form of vērum, vērī (2n): truth. Et (conj.): and. Audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen to.

Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Perīculō is the ablative singular form of perīculum, perīculī (2n): danger, risk; experiment.

Sapientiam is the accusative singular form of sapientia, sapientiae (1f): wisdom. Bonum is the accusative singular form of bonum, bonī (2n): a good thing, a good. Esse: to be. Dīcunt is the third person plural form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to.

Dīc is the singular imperative form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I (to me). Ubi (interrog. adv.): where? Dēbeam is the first person singular subjunctive form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to cease, stop, end.

Quīdam is the masculine nominative plural form of quīdam/quaedam/quiddam (pron.): someone, something, a certain person or thing; (in pl.) some, some people, some things, certain people or things. Summum is the m/n accusative singular form of summus/summa/summum (1/2): highest. Bonum is the accusative singular form of bonum, bonī (2n): a good thing, a good. Dīxērunt is the third person plural perfect form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to. Voluptātem is the accusative singular form of voluptās, voluptātis (3f): pleasure.

(He’s giving examples of the stupid insults that people get angry about.) Illum is the masculine accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Aliquis/aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, something. Vervēcem is the accusative singular form of vervēx, vervēcis (3m): a castrated male sheep or goat (“wether”). Marīnum is the m/n accusative singular form of marīnus/marīna/marīnum (1/2): of or belonging to the sea, marine. Dīxerat is the third person singular pluperfect form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to.

Lībertum is the accusative singular form of lībertus, lībertī (2m): freedman, emancipated slave. Ego: I. Habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Sānē (adv.): soundly; indeed, truly, really; certainly, by all means. Nēquam (indeclinable adjective): worthless, bad, rascally, depraved. Hominem is the accusative singular form of homō, hominis (3m): human, man. Hilarum is the accusative singular form of Hilarus, Hilarī (2m). Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to.

Quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Aristīdem is the accusative form of Aristīdēs, Aristīdis (3m): Aristides, an Athenian statesman. Nōn: not. Mortuum is the m/n accusative singular form of mortuus/mortua/mortuum (1/2): dead—originally the perfect active participle (having died) of morior, morī, mortuus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to die. Dīligit is the third person singular form of dīligō, dīligere, dīlēxī, dīlēctum (3): to love, prize, cherish, hold dear, have particular affection or regard for.