Verbs

Aut (conj.): or (aut. . . aut = either. . . or). Bibat is the third person singular subjunctive form of bibō, bibere, bibī, bibitum (3): to drink. Aut (conj.): or. Abeat is the third person singular subjunctive form of abeō, abīre, abiī, abitum (irreg.): to go away, depart; disappear, vanish; be transformed (into). (The verbs are subjunctive because they’re jussive—i.e., commands.)

(Those whose minds are full of unimportant things.) Abit is the third person singular form of abeō, abīre, abiī, abitum (irreg.): to go away, depart; disappear, vanish; be transformed (into). Igitur (conj.): therefore, so, then. Vīta, vītae (1f): life. Eorum is the masculine genitive plural form of is, ea, id: he, she it. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Profundum is the accusative singular form of profundum, profundī (2n): depths, abyss.

(As he turns into a wolf.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Villōs is the accusative plural form of villus, villī (2m): shaggy hair. Abeunt is the third person plural form of abeō, abīre, abiī, abitum (irreg.): to go away, depart; disappear, vanish; be transformed (into). Vestēs is the nominative plural form of vestis, vestis (3f): clothing.

Aenēās, Aenēae (1m, with some unusual features because it’s from Greek): Aeneas. Ignārus /ignāra/ignārum (1/2): ignorant, unaware; inexperienced. Abest is the third person singular form of absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant.

(But if it happens, I’ll hope to handle it bravely.) Tormenta is the accusative plural form of tormentum, tormentī (2n): torture, torment. Absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant. Ab/ ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Mē is the ablative form of ego: I. Velim is the first person singular subjunctive form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish (potential subjunctive).

Aristotelēs, Aristotelis (3m): Aristotle. Fīnītiō, fīnītiōnis (3f): limit; definition. Nōn: not. Multum (adv.): much, a lot, greatly. Ab/ ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Nostrā is the feminine ablative singular form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Abest is the third person singular form of absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant.

Dedit is the third person singular perfect form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give. Et (adv.): also, too; even. Lūdōs is the accusative plural form of lūdus, lūdī (2m): game, play; entertainment, show, performance. Sed (conj.): but. Absēns, absentis (3): (being) absent—the present active participle of absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant.

Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it (these things). Ācta sunt is the third person neuter plural perfect passive form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, put in motion; do, perform, transact, deal with, engage in, work at; act. Absente is the m/f/n ablative singular form of absēns, absentis (3): (being) absent (the present active participle of absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant). Certō is the ablative singular form of the proper name Certus, Certī (2m).

Absentem is the m/f (here m) accusative singular form of absēns, absentis (3): (being) absent—the present active participle of absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant. Laedit is the third person singular form of laedō, laedere, laesī, laesum (3): to hurt, harm, injure. Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Ēbriō is the m/n (here m) ablative singular form of ēbrius/ēbria/ēbrium (1/2): drunk. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Lītigat is the third person singular form of lītigō, lītigāre, lītigāvī, lītigātum (1): to go to law, litigate; dispute, quarrel, wrangle.

Accēde is the singular imperative form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come to, approach; be added, join; agree. Hūc (adv.): here (as a destination), hither, to this place. Tū is the vocative form of tū: you (sing.).

Nēmō, nēminis (3m/f): no one. Audet is the third person singular form of audeō, audēre, ausus sum (2, semi-deponent): to dare. Prope (adv.): near. Accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come to, approach; be added, join; agree.

(That is, the goods held by the gods; he’s voicing a worry.) Accēdimus is the first person plural form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come to, approach; be added, join; agree. Ad (prep.): to, toward; according to (takes the accusative). Illa is the neuter accusative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Nōn: not. Pervenīmus is the first person plural form of perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventum (4): to come (all the way to a place), arrive.

(He’s talking about storms.) Impetus, impetūs (4m): impulse, force; attack, assault. Illīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Accēdit is the third person singular form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come to, approach; be added, join; agree. Et (conj.): and. Mora, morae (1f): delay; hindrance; duration of time.

(How a Stoic gives consolation.) Succurret is the third person singular future form of succurrō, succurrere, succurrī, succursum (3): to run or come to the rescue of, help, bring relief (takes a dative object). Aliēnīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of aliēnus/aliēna/aliēnum (1/2): belonging to another or others; unfamiliar. Lacrimīs is the dative plural form of lacrima, lacrimae (1f): tear. Nōn: not. Accēdet is the third person singular future form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come to, approach; be added, join; agree.

Accessit is the third person singular perfect form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come to, approach; be added, join; agree. Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul. Ad (prep.): to, toward; according to (takes the accusative). Meam is the feminine accusative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine. Sententiam is the accusative singular form of sententia, sententiae (1f): opinion, thought, sentiment; advice.

Citō (adv.): quickly; soon. Accēdimus is the first person plural form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come to, approach; be added, join; agree. Opīniōnī is the dative singular form of opīniō, opīniōnis (3f): opinion, belief; reputation.

Clēmentia, clēmentiae (1f): mercy, clemency. Ratiōnī is the dative singular form of ratiō, ratiōnis (3f): reason; calculation; account. Accēdit is the third person singular form of accēdō, accēdere, accessī, accessum (3): to come to, approach; be added, join; agree.

Dēsubitō (adv.): suddenly. Mē: me—the accusative form of ego: I. Ōrat is the third person singular form of ōrō, ōrāre, ōrāvī, ōrātum (1): to plead, beg; pray (to). Mulier, mulieris (3f): woman. Lacrimānsque, lacrimantis (3) is the present active participle (weeping) of lacrimō, lacrimāre, lacrimāvī, lacrimātum (1): to weep (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Ad (prep.): to, toward; according to (takes the accusative). Genua is the accusative plural form of genū, genūs (4n): knee. Accidit is the third person singular form of accidō, accidere. accidī, — (3): to fall down, descend; come to pass, happen, occur, befall (takes a dative object).

Dīcam is the first person singular future form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Quae is the neuter nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. pron.): which (one)? in n. pl. : what things? Accidant is the third person plural subjunctive form of accidō, accidere, accidī, — (3): to fall down, descend; come to pass, happen, occur, befall (takes a dative object) (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Mihi is the dative form of ego: I (to me).

Accidit is the third person singular perfect form of accidō, accidere. accidī, — (3): to fall down, descend; come to pass, happen, occur, befall (takes a dative object). Ut (conj.): that. Esset is the third person singular imperfect subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Lūna, lūnae (1f): moon. Plēnus/ plēna /plēnum (1/2): full.

Exultō, exultāre, exultāvī, exultātum (1—also exsultō): to jump up; exult, rejoice. Quotiēns (rel. adv.): as often as, whenever. Epistulās is the accusative plural form of epistula, epistulae (1f): letter. Tuās is the feminine accusative plural form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; understand (something to have a certain meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact).

Exercitumque is the accusative singular form of exercitus, exercitūs (4m): army (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Ab /ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). A. is an abbreviation of the first name Aulus, Aulī (2m), which here would have been in the ablative singular form Aulō. Terentiō is the m/n (here m) ablative singular form of the family name Terentius/Terentia/Terentium (1/2). Accēpit is the third person singular perfect form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3, –iō): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; understand (something to have a certain meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact).

(So why did you take it? It’s a sage saying to the gods: there’s no need to take things from me; if you want them, I’ll give them to you voluntarily.) Accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; understand (something to have a certain meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact). Potuistis is the second person plural perfect form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can.

Nūllam is the feminine accusative singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, none, not any. Accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; understand (something to have a certain meaning); learn, he3.1.1ar, be told (about a fact). Excūsātiōnem is the accusative singular form of excūsātiō, excūsātiōnis (3f): excuse.

(He’s speaking of philosophy: giving spare time to it isn’t enough.) Dat is the third person singular form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1): to give, grant. Tempus is the accusative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. Nōn: not. Accipit is the third person singular form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; understand (something to have a certain meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact).

Sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into—the accusative is used here because a figurative motion is meant even though the idiomatic English translation is in rather than into. Bonam is the feminine accusative singular form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Partem is the accusative singular form of pars, partis (3f): part; function. Acceptūrum is the m/n accusative singular form of acceptūrus/acceptūra/acceptūrum (1/2), the future active participle (going to take) of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; understand (something to have a certain meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact). Sī (conj.): if. Negāverō is the first person singular future perfect form of negō, negāre, negāvī, negātum (1): to deny; refuse.

Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from (takes the ablative). Eōdem is the m/n ablative singular form of īdem/eadem/idem (pron.): the same. Duo/duae/ duo (irreg.): two. Vel (conj.): or. Plūrēs/plūrēs/ plūra (3): more numerous, more (in number); many. Accipī is the passive infinitive form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; understand (something to have a certain meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact). Possunt is the third person plural form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): be able, can.

Accipe is the singular imperative form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; understand (something to have a certain meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact). Huius is the m/f/n genitive singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Rēs, reī (5f): thing: matter, affair, case. Rēgulam is the accusative singular form of rēgula, rēgulae (1f): rule; ruler, measuring rod.

Eōs is the masculine accusative plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): this, that; he, she, it (them). Fuisse: to have been—the perfect infinitive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Iūstōs is the masculine accusative plural form of iūstus/iūsta/iūstum (1/2): just. Accēpimus is the first person plural perfect form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3): to take (esp. something offered), receive, accept; understand (something to have a certain meaning); learn, hear, be told (about a fact).

Diūtius (adv.): longer, for a longer time—the comparative form of diū (adv.): long, for a long time. Accūsō, accūsāre, accūsāvī, accūsātum (1): to blame, accuse; reproach, censure, impugn. Fāta is the accusative plural form of fātum, fātī (2n): fate, that which is ordained. Possumus is the first person plural form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Mūtō, mūtāre, mūtāvī, mūtātum (1): to change, transform. Nōn: not.

Accūsāvit is the third person singular perfect form of accūsō, accūsāre, accūsāvī, accūsātum (1): to blame, accuse; reproach, censure, impugn. Maiestās, maiestātis (3f): greatness, majesty, sovereignty; an offence against the majesty of the state, treason.

Accūsātur is the third person singular passive form of accūsō, accūsāre, accūsāvī, accūsātum (1): to blame, accuse; reproach, censure, impugn. Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning; of (takes the ablative). Vī is the ablative singular form of vīs, vīs (3f, irreg.): energy, force, power; violence.

(Demanding to be given what you seek right away.) Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Saccō is the ablative singular form of saccus, saccī (2m): sack, bag. Adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go to, approach, visit; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to.

Nōn: not. Cuivīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of quīvīs/quaevīs/quodvīs (adj.): any, any you like, any random. Hominī is the dative singular form of homō, hominis (3m): man, human. Contingit is the third person singular form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; reach, extend to; happen; be granted to, fall to the lot of (someone in the dative). Adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go to, approach, visit; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to. Corinthum is the accusative singular form of Corinthus, Corinthī (2f): Corinth.

Adībō is the first person singular future form of adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go to, approach, visit; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to. Hōsce is the masculine accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it (the enclitic particle – ce adds emphasis). Atque /ac (conj.): and, and also, and then. Appellābō is the first person singular future form of appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātum (1): to address, call; name, call (by a certain name); appeal to (for help, etc.), call on; solicit with a request. Pūnicē (adv.): in Punic.

Ad (prep.): to, toward; according to (takes the accusative). Sullam is the accusative singular form of Sulla, Sullae (1m): cognomen (nickname), here of a Roman statesman. Lēgātī is the nominative plural form of lēgātus, lēgātī (2m): envoy, ambassador. Nōn: not. Adiērunt is the third person plural perfect form of adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go to, approach, visit; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to.

(Talking about the pleasures of philosophy.) Adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go to, approach; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to. Tamquam (conj.): just as, like; as if; what I might call. Multōrum is the m/n (here m) genitive plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Hērēditātem is the accusative singular form of hērēditās, hērēditātis (3f): inheritance. Iuvat is the third person singular form of iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtum (1): to help, benefit, avail; delight, gratify, please.

Adiit is the third person singular perfect form of adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go to, approach; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to (the use of this word with res publica is an idiom: to go into politics). Ad (prep.): to, toward; according to (takes the accusative). Rem is the accusative singular form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair. Pūblicam is the feminine accusative singular form of pūblicus/pūblica/pūblicum (1/2): public (rēs pūblica = the state). Tribūnus, tribūnī (2m): commander; tribune. Plēbs, plēbis (3f—also plēbēī): plebeians, common people. Milō, Milōnis (3m): Roman cognomen.

At (conj.): but. Magnum is the m/n accusative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large; important. Perīculum is the accusative singular form of perīculum, perīculī (2n): danger, risk; attempt, experiment. Adiit is the third person singular perfect form of adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go to, approach; begin, undertake, enter upon, enter into; undergo, submit to.

Adeō (adv.): to this point, so much, to such an extent, so true is it that; in addition, besides, moreover; indeed, actually, in fact. Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Est: is. Cuique is the m/f/n dative singular form of quisque/quaeque/quidque (pron.): each one, each person, each thing. Sē: than himself—the ablative form of the reflexive pronoun (the ablative of comparison). Vīlior/vīlior/ vīlius (3): cheaper—the comparative form of vīlis/vīlis/vīle (3): cheap.

(What philosophers do.) Omne is the neuter accusative singular form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Aevum is the accusative singular form of aevum, aevī (2n): time; lifetime; age; eternity. Suō: their own—the m/n dative singular form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Adiciunt is the third person plural form of adiciō, adicere, adiēcī, adiectum (3, –iō): to throw (at); attach; add.

Adice is the singular imperative form of adiciō, adicere, adiēcī, adiectum (3, –iō): to throw (at); attach; add. Nunc (adv.): now; as it is. Quod (conj.): that; the fact that; in that; because. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Timētur is the third person singular passive form of timeō, timēre, timuī, — (2): to fear, be afraid. Timet is the same, but active.

Cōram (adv.): face to face, before one, in person. Quem is the masculine accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Quaeritis is the second person plural form of quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī/quaesiī, quaesītum (3): to seek, look for or try to obtain; require, need. Adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus (irreg.): to be present, be there; be there for, support, assist (with dative object).

Omnibus is the m/f/n ablative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): every; all. Umbra, umbrae (1f): shadow; shade; ghost. Locīs is the ablative plural form of locus, locī (2m, but often n in the plural): place. Aderō is the first person singular future form of adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus (irreg.): to be present, be there; be there for, support, assist (with dative object).

(Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth.) Quī/quae/ quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Adest is the third person singular form of adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus (irreg.): to be present, be there; be there for, support, assist (with dative object). Bonum, bonī (2n): good; benefit; (in pl.) possessions (a frequent substantive use of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good). Cōnsule is the singular imperative form of cōnsulō, cōnsulere, cōnsuluī, cōnsultum (3): to consult; take counsel; have regard for, give thought to. Bonī cōnsulere = to consider as good, take in good part.

Iam (adv.): already; now; soon. Illī is the m/f/n dative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Semel (adv.): once, a single time. Iterum (adv.): again, a second time, once more. Adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus (irreg.): to be present; be there for, support, assist (with dative object).

Adfuērunt is the third person plural perfect form of adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus (irreg.): to be present, be there; be there for, support, assist (with dative object). Inquit is the third person singular form of inquam (irreg. and defective): to say (inquit = he/she/it says or said). Catilīnae is the dative singular form of Catilīna, Catilīnae (1m): Lucius Sergius Catalina, a Roman politician who sought to overthrow the Republic. Illumque is the masculine accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Laudārunt is the third person plural perfect form of laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum (1): to praise.

Nēmō, nēminis (3m/f): no one. Aestimat is the third person singular form of aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate, value, assess, reckon, judge. Tempus is the accusative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time.

(A metaphor for the body.) Quis /quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Autem (particle): but, however, on the other hand; and, moreover. Umquam (adv.): ever. Vestīmenta is the accusative plural form of vestīmentum, vestīmentī (2n): garment, clothing. Aestimāvit is the third person singular perfect form of aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate, value, assess, reckon, judge. Arculā is the ablative singular form of arcula, arculae (1f): small chest, box, casket.

(But this isn’t very helpful unless we know what it is.) Praecipiet is the third persons singular future form of praecipiō, praecipere, praecēpī, praeceptum (3, –iō): to take in advance; advise; order, command. Aliquis /aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, something. Ut (conj.): that, so that. Prūdentiam is the accusative singular form of prūdentia, prūdentiae (1f): prudence; foresight; wisdom. Magnī is the m/n genitive singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large (neuter used substantively as a genitive of value). Aestimēmus is the first person plural subjunctive form of aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate, value, assess, reckon, judge (subjunctive because it’s an indirect command).

Exigua is the neuter accusative plural form of exiguus/exigua/exiguum (1/2): small, little, petty; poor. Magnō is the m/n ablative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large; important (neuter used substantively as an ablative of price). Aestimātis is the second person plural form of aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate, value, assess, reckon, judge.

Ignōtī is the masculine nominative plural form of ignōtus/ignōta/ignōtum (1/2): unknown. Iūmenta is the accusative plural form of iūmentum, iūmentī (2n): beast for hauling; horse, mule, donkey. Agēbant is the third person plural imperfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Īram is the accusative singular form of īra, īrae (1f): anger. Saepe (adv.): often. Misericordia, misericordiae (1f): pity. Retrō (adv.): back, backward. Ēgit is the third person singular perfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Āctus/ācta/ āctum is the perfect passive participle (done) of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). Agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, do, etc.

Ergō (particle): therefore, so, then. Meī is the genitive form of ego: I (of me, of myself). Cūram is the accusative singular form of cūra, cūrae (1f): care; worry (cūram agere = to look after). Agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

(A pained Stoic talking to himself.) Nihil: nothing (here accusative) (nihil agere = to accomplish nothing; to act in vain). Agis is the second person singular form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). Dolor is the vocative singular form of dolor, dolōris (3m): pain.

Līber /lībera/līberum (1/2): free. Nōn: not. Est: he is. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Aliquandō (adv): sometimes, from time to time, now and then; someday; finally, eventually. Nihil: nothing (here accusative). Agit is the third person singular form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

At (conj.): but, yet. Quam (interrog. adv.): how (much)? to what degree? Bene (adv.): well. Mīmum is the accusative singular form of mīmus, mīmī (2m): mime, farce. Ēgit is the third person singular perfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

(The second speaker is in rough shape.) Salvētō is the singular future imperative form of salveō, salvēre, —, — (2, defective): to be well, be in good health; it’s mostly used in the imperative as a greeting (the present imperative forms are more common than the future imperative found here). Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Agis is the second person singular form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). Vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live.

Age is the singular imperative form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). Exī is the singular imperative form of exeō, exīre, exīvī/exiī, exitum (irreg.): to go out, get out, exit.

Sed (conj.): but. Age is the singular imperative form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). Respondē is the singular imperative form of respondeō, respondēre, respondī, respōnsum (2): to respond, answer.

Grātiās is the accusative plural form of grātia, grātiae (1f): favor; gratitude, (in plural) thanks; grace. Tamen (adv.): nevertheless, yet, still. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I (to me, to myself). Apud (prep.): at, near; with, among; in front of, in the presence of; at the house of (takes the accusative). Tē is the accusative singular form of tū: you. Agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Hostīliter (adv.): like an enemy, inimically. Ēgerant is the third person plural pluperfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Adulēscentiam is the accusative singular form of adulēscentia, adulēscentiae (1f): youth; young manhood. Petulanter (adv): insolently, rudely; waywardly. Ēgerat is the third person singular pluperfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Sicyōne is the locative singular form of Sicyōn, Sicyōnis (3f): a city in Greece. Et (adv.): also, too; even. Hic /haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Vītam is the accusative singular form of vīta, vītae (1f): life. Ēgit is the third person singular perfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Rūre is the locative singular form of rūs, rūris (3n): the country, countryside. Agēbam is the first person singular imperfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Sed (conj.): but. Haec is the neuter accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it (these things). Cōram (adv.): face to face, in person. Agēmus is the first person plural future form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Nātūrā is the ablative singular form of nātūra, nātūrae (1f): nature. Agēbāmus is the first person plural imperfect form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). Deōrum is the genitive plural form of deus, deī (2m, irreg.): god.

Vatīnī is the m/n (here m) genitive singular form of the family name Vatīnius/Vatīnius/Vatīnium (1/2). Causam is the accusative singular form of causa, causae (1f): cause, reason; (legal) case; situation. Agis is the second person singular form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.).

Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Ait is the third person singular form of aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm; say yes, say so. Quīntus, Quīntī (2m): Quintus Sertorius, Roman general.

Hic/haec/ hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Est: is. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ait is the third person singular form of aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm; say yes, say so. Hērāclītus, Hērāclītī (2m).

Ait is the third person singular form of aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm; say yes, say so. Illī is the m/f/n dative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it.

(i.e., by reading different things and then bringing them together.) Apēs is the accusative plural form of apis, apis (3f): bee. Ut (rel. adv.): as. Aiunt is the third person plural form of aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm; say yes, say so. Dēbēmus is the first person plural form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, should. Imitor, imitārī, imitātus sum (1, deponent): to imitate, counterfeit.

Ait is the third person singular form of aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm; say yes, say so. Aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm.

Diogenēs, Diogenis (3m). Ait is the third person singular form of aiō (3, defective): to say, affirm; say yes, say so. Antipater, Antipatrī (2m). Negat is the third person singular form of negō, negāre, negāvī, negātum (1): to deny, say that not; refuse; say no.

Amat is the third person singular form of amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love. Meretrīcem is the accusative singular form of meretrīx, meretrīcis (3f): prostitute.

Quaere is the singular imperative form of quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī/quaesiī, quaesītum (3): to seek; ask. Quem is the masculine accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Amēs is the second person singular subjunctive form of amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love (subjunctive because it expresses purpose).

(He’s talking about a saying from a play: let them hate so long as they fear.) Sīc (adv.): thus, so, in such manner. Nē (adv.): not (nē quidem = not even). Amārī is the passive infinitive form of amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love. Quidem (particle): indeed, certainly. Vellem is the first person singular imperfect subjunctive form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish; be willing (imperfect subjunctive because it’s present contrary to fact).

(Let me in!) Ecquis /ecquid (interrog. pron.): whether anyone, whether anything; . . . anyone/anything? is there anyone/anything that. . . ? Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Aperit is the third person singular form of aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum (4): to open; uncover, bring into the open, reveal, make clear. Ōstium is the accusative singular form of ōstium, ōstiī (2n): door, entrance.

Vēritātem is the accusative singular form of vēritās, vēritātis (3f): truth. Diēs is the nominative plural form of diēs, diēī (5m/f): day. (Sometimes diēs is translated as time —i.e., the passage of days.) Aperit is the third person singular form of aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum (4): to open; uncover, bring into the open, reveal, make clear.

(If a party with the burden of proving a fact doesn’t do it, the fact is presumed not to be so.) Īdem/eadem/ idem (pron.): the same. Est: is. Nōn: not. Esse: to be. Et (conj.): and. Appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; come into sight, appear; be or become evident.

Appāruit is the third person singular perfect form of appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; come into sight, appear; be or become apparent. Subitō (adv.): suddenly. C. is an abbreviation of the name Gāius, Gāiī (2m): Gaius; praenomen of Julius Caesar (the name was archaically spelled with a C, and the abbreviation follows that earlier spelling). Caesar, Caesaris (3m): Caesar.

(Embarrassment when speaking in front of groups.) Magis (adv.): more. Quidem (particle): at any rate; indeed, certainly, in fact. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Iuvenibus is the m/f/n (here m) ablative plural form of iuvenis/iuvenis/iuvene (3): young. Appāret is the third person singular form of appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; come into sight, appear; be or become evident.

(The “this” is being separated from people who have died; he’s pointing out that we don’t get so upset when we’re separated at length from people who are still alive.) Id is the accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Per (prep.): through, by (when followed by a reflexive pronoun, it can sometimes idiomatically translate as in) (takes accusative). Sē: itself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Tolerābile is the accusative singular form for tolerābilis/tolerābilis/tolerābile (3): tolerable, bearable. Esse: to be. Appāret is the third person singular form of appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; come into sight, appear; be or become evident.

(That is, how anger is different: anger is like getting drunk; wrathfulness is like being a drunkard.) Quō is the m/n (here n) ablative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Distet is the third person singular subjunctive form of distō, distāre, distitī, — (1): to stand apart, be separate, be distant; differ. Ab /ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Īrācundiā is the ablative singular form of īrācundia, īrācundiae (1f): wrathfulness, irascibility; anger. Appāret is the third person singular form of appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; come into sight, appear; be or become evident.

(Let me satisfy it with whatever is nearest.) Famēs, famis (3f): hunger; famine. Mē is the accusative form of ego: I. Appellat is the third person singular form of appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātum (1): to address, call; name, call (by a certain name); appeal to (for help, etc.), call on; solicit with a request (the verb could be read as call or solicit; sometimes these meanings can overlap).

Hanc is the feminine accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Acadēmīam is the accusative singular form of Acadēmīa, Acadēmīae (1f): the Academy; i.e., the gymnasium where Plato taught, or the philosophical school founded by him. Novam is the feminine accusative singular from of novus/nova/novum (1/2): new, recent, novel; strange, unusual. Appellant is the third person plural form of appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātum (1): to address, call; name, call (by a certain name); appeal to (for help, etc.), call on; solicit with a request.

Appellantur is the third person plural passive form of appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātum (1): to address, call; name, call (by a certain name); appeal to (for help, etc.), call on; solicit with a request (a historical present verb). Tribūnī is the nominative plural form of tribūnus, tribūnī (2m): commander; tribune.

(Blattius and Dasius were citizens of Salapia, a city in southern Italy that was involved in the Second Punic War.) Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Prōditiōne is the ablative singular form of prōditiō, prōditiōnis (3f): betrayal. Appellābat is the third person singular imperfect form of appellō, appellāre, appellāvī, appellātum (1): to address, call; name, call (by a certain name); appeal to (for help, etc.), call on; solicit with a request.

(Stick up for others, because what happens to them may happen to you.) Tuus/ tua /tuum (1/2): your, yours. Rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; property; interest. Agitur is the third person singular passive form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, put in motion; do, deal with, conduct, engage in; discuss; act. Pariēs, parietis (3m): wall of a house or other building. Quum (conj. , alternative form of cum): when; since; while; although. Proximus /proxima/proximum (1/2): next, nearest, closest; very near, very close—the superlative form of propinquus/propinqua/propinquum (1/2): near, close. Ardet is the third person singular form of ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsum (2): to burn, be on fire.

Ārdet is the third person singular form of ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsum (2): to burn, be on fire. Amāns, amantis (3) is the present active participle (loving) of amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love. Dīdō, Dīdōnis (3f): Dido, first queen of Carthage.

Ex /ē (prep.): from, out of (takes ablative). Hāc is the feminine ablative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Vītā is the ablative singular form of vīta, vītae (1f): life. Ad (prep.): to, toward; according to (takes the accusative). Illam is the feminine accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Ascenditur is the third person singular passive form of ascendō, ascendere, ascendī, ascēnsum (3): to ascend, climb; mount; go on board; rise to reach, attain.

(He’s describing how he spends the day.) Vehiculum is the accusative singular form of vehiculum, vehiculī (2n): carriage, vehicle. Ascendō, ascendere, ascendī, ascēnsum (3): to ascend, climb; mount; go on board; rise to reach, attain.

Cēnsus, cēnsūs (4m): census; property. Senātōrium is the m/n accusative singular form of senātōrius/senātōria/senātōrium (1/2): senatorial. Gradum is the accusative singular form of gradus, gradūs (4m): step, pace; rank. Ascendit is the third person singular form of ascendō, ascendere, ascendī, ascēnsum (3): to ascend, climb; mount; go on board; rise to reach, attain (a distinguished position).

Audeō, audēre, ausus sum (2, semi-deponent): to dare, risk. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Tibi: to you (the dative form of tū). Crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; believe; trust.

Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, speak. Sententiam is the accusative singular form of sententia, sententiae (1f): opinion, thought. Audēbō is the first person singular future form of audeō, audēre, ausus sum (2, semi-deponent): to dare, risk.

Quis /quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Sibi: (to) himself—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Vērum is the m/n accusative singular form of vērus/vēra/vērum (1/2): true, real (neuter used substantively). Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, speak. Ausus est is the third person masculine singular perfect form of audeō, audēre, ausus sum (2, semi-deponent): to dare, risk.

(i.e., how to get rich.) Quam (interrog. adv.): how (much)? to what degree? Valdē (adv.): very; very much; strongly, intensely. Cupis is the second person singular form of cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to long (for), wish, want, desire. Audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to).

Venter, ventris (3m): belly, stomach; womb; bowels. Praecepta is the accusative plural form of praeceptum, praeceptī (2n): piece of advice, precept; instruction. Nōn: not. Audit is the third person singular form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to).

Hanc is the feminine accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Excūsātiōnem is the accusative singular form of excūsātiō, excūsātiōnis (3f): excuse. Cavē is the singular imperative form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to beware (of); (with subjunctive) beware of (doing something), make sure not to. Audiās is the second person singular subjunctive form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to).

Audientem is the m/f accusative singular form of audiēns, audientis (3), the present active participle (hearing) of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to). Dictō is the dative singular form dictum, dictī (2n): a thing that is said; words, utterance, saying; command—originally the neuter form of dictus/dicta/dictum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (having been said) of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Māter is the vocative singular form of māter, mātris (3f): mother. Prōdūxistī is the second person singular perfect form of prōdūcō, prōdūcere, prōdūxī, prōductum (3): to bring forward; beget, produce; rear, bring up. Fīliam is the accusative singular form of fīlia, fīliae (1f): daughter.

Is /ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Rēgī is the dative singular form of rēx, rēgis (3m): king. Dictō is the dative singular form of dictum, dictī (2n): a thing that is said; words, utterance, saying; command—originally the neuter form of dictus/dicta/dictum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (having been said) of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Audiēns, audientis (3) is the present active participle (hearing) of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to). Nōn: not. Erat: (he) was—the third person singular imperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.

Audī is the singular imperative form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to). Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Prōmittam is the first person singular subjunctive form of prōmittō, prōmittere, prōmīsī, prōmissum (3): to send forth; let (the hair or beard) grow long; undertake to give; promise, guarantee, assure.

Quis /quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Sit: he is—the third person singular subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to). Expetō, expetere, expetīvī/expetiī, expetītum (3): to ask for; seek; desire, wish.

Geminum is the m/n accusative singular form of geminus/gemina/geminum (1/2): twin; double. Autem (particle): but, however, on the other hand; and, moreover. Frātrem is the accusative singular form of frāter, frātris (3m): brother. Serviō, servīre, servīvī/serviī, servītum (4): to serve; be a slave. Audiō, audīre, audīvī /audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to). Hīc (adv.): here. Meum is the m/n accusative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine.

Tamen (adv.): nevertheless, yet, still. Nōs is the accusative form of nōs: we (us) (the first person plural is sometimes used instead of the first person singular). Rēctē (adv.): rightly. Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Et (conj.): and. Bene (adv.): well. Audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to); have things said to or about oneself, have a certain reputation; especially in the expressions bene audīre and male audīre. Vult is the third person singular form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish.

Nōs: we. Dēsidiā is the ablative singular form of dēsidia, dēsidiae (1f): idleness, sloth. Male (adv.): badly. Audīmus is the first person plural form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen (to); have things said to or about oneself, have a certain reputation; especially in the expressions bene audīre and male audīre.

Signum is the accusative singular form of signum, signī (2n): sign, mark; emblem; statue; (esp. in Christian usage) miracle. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from (takes the ablative). Arce is the ablative singular form of arx, arcis (3f): castle, citadel, fortress. Iam (adv.): already; now; soon. Auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum (3, irreg.): to carry off, take away; steal; remove, do away with.

Auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum (3, irreg.): to carry off, take away; steal; remove, do away with. Hic /haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I (to/for/from me). Hērēditātem is the accusative singular form of hērēditās, hērēditātis (3f): inheritance. Voluit is the third person singular perfect form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish.

Secunda is the neuter nominative plural form of secundus/secunda/secundum (1/2): next; favorable; (n. pl. used substantively) favorable circumstances, good fortune. Rēctum is the m/n accusative singular form of rēctus/rēcta/rēctum (1/2): straight; right; (n. sg. used substantively) righteousness, rectitude. Auferunt is the third person plural form of auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum (3, irreg.): to carry off, take away; steal; remove, do away with.

(But we change and are stolen from ourselves less perceptibly.) Aliī is the masculine nominative plural form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another. Auferuntur is the third person plural passive form of auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātum (3, irreg.): to carry off, take away; steal; remove, do away with.

Magis (adv.): more. Iuvat is the third person singular form of iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtum (1): to help, benefit, avail; delight, gratify, please. Bibō, bibere, bibī, bibitum (3): to drink. Sitientem is the m/f accusative singular form of sitiēns, sitientis (3), the present active participle (thirsting) of sitiō, sitīre, sitīvī/sitiī, — (4): to thirst, be thirsty.

Aut (conj.): or (aut. . . aut = either. . . or). Bibat is the third person singular subjunctive form of bibō, bibere, bibī, bibitum (3): to drink. Aut (conj.): or. Abeat is the third person singular subjunctive form of abeō, abīre, abiī, abitum (irreg.): to depart, go away. (Both subjunctives are jussive.) (Also seen in the entry on abeō.)

Cecidisse is the perfect infinitive form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall; die (esp. in battle); pass away, drop, disappear; happen or turn out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to). Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Equō is the ablative singular form of equus, equī (2m): horse. Dīcitur is the third person singular passive form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say.

(He’s describing the feeble mind’s management of fears, comparing the mind or spirit to a body that trembles as it heads toward a seizure or some other kind of breakdown.) Praesūmit is the third person singular form of praesūmō, praesūmere, praesūmpsī, praesūmptum (3): to take in advance; anticipate; take for granted. Illa is the neuter accusative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Et (conj.): and. Ante (prep.): before; in front of (takes accusative). Tempus is the accusative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. Cadit is the third person singular form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall; die (esp. in battle); pass away, drop, disappear; happen or turn out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to).

Cruentō is the m/n ablative singular form of cruentus/cruenta/cruentum (1/2): bloodstained; bloody; cruel. Cecidit is the third person singular perfect form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall; die (esp. in battle); pass away, drop, disappear; happen or turn out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to). In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Bellō is the ablative singular form of bellum, bellī (2n): war. Pater, patris (3m): father.

(But it will be back; everything that seems to perish merely changes.) Hiemps, hiemis (3f—also hiems): winter. Cecidit is the third person singular perfect form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall; die (esp. in battle); pass away, drop, disappear; happen or turn out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to).

(On the arrival of unexpected houseguests.) Tamen (adv.): nevertheless, yet, still. Remānsērunt is the third person plural perfect form of remaneō, remanēre, remānsī, remānsum (2): to remain, stay; endure. Ceciditque is the third person singular perfect form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall; die (esp. in battle); pass away, drop, disappear; happen or turn out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to) (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Bellē (adv.): nicely, well, suitably, pleasantly.

Nōn: not. Cadet is the third person singular future form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall; die (esp. in battle); pass away, drop, disappear; happen or turn out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to). Ergō (particle): therefore, then. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into, on (with motion), against. Sapientem is the accusative singular form of sapiēns, sapientis (3m): wise man, sage. Aegritūdō, aegritūdinis (3f): sorrow.

At (conj.): but. Nōn: not. Cadunt is the third person plural form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall; die (esp. in battle); pass away, drop, disappear; happen or turn out; happen or be susceptible of happening (to); be compatible (with) or applicable (to). Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it (these things). In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Antōnium is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of Antōnius/Antōnia/Antōnium (1/2): a family name, here referring to the famous Mark Antony.

(i.e., he restrained himself because he was angry; from an anecdote about Plato.) Ob (prep.): toward, against; because of (takes the accusative). Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Nōn: not. Cecīdit is the third person singular perfect form of caedō, caedere, cecīdī, caesum (3): to cut; strike; kill. . Propter (prep.): near, close to; because of (takes the accusative). Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Alius /alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): another; other. Cecīdisset is the third person singular pluperfect subjunctive form of caedō, caedere, cecīdī, caesum (3): to cut; strike; kill (pluperfect subjunctive because it’s past contrary to fact).

Cape is the singular imperative form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand. Stilum is the accusative singular form of stilus, stilī (2m): pointed object, spike; stylus for writing on wax; style of writing. Properē (adv.): quickly, in haste. Et (conj.): and. Tabellās is the accusative plural form of tabella, tabellae (1f): writing tablet. Tū is the vocative form of tū: you (sing.). Hās is the feminine accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Tibi is the dative form of tū—to/for you/yourself; its use here is idiomatic and needn’t be translated).

(From a letter by Brutus to Cicero.) Multa is the neuter accusative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Castella is the accusative plural form of castellum, castellī (2n): castle, fortress, stronghold. Capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand. Vāstō, vāstāre, vāstāvī, vāstātum (1): to devastate, lay waste.

At (conj.): but. Nēminem is the accusative form of nēmō, nēminis (3m/f, usually m; singular only): no one. Cēpistī is the second person singular perfect form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand.

Pāstor, pāstōris (3m): shepherd. Ex /ē (prep.): from, out of (takes ablative). Fētū is the ablative singular form of fētus, fētūs (4m): the act of giving birth; birth; offspring. Grex, gregis (3m): flock, pack; group. Suī: his (own)—the m/n genitive singular form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Capit is the third person singular form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand; (in the passive) become crippled (with ablative of the part affected). Voluptātem is the accusative singular form of voluptās, voluptātis (3f): pleasure.

Aedēs is the nominative plural form of aedēs, aedis (3f—also aedis): temple; room; (in pl.) house (translates into English as house —singular—but it’s grammatically plural; hence the plural adjective and verb). Nostrae is the feminine nominative plural form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Vix (adv.): with difficulty; barely, hardly. Capient is the third person plural future form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand; (in the passive) become crippled (with ablative of the part affected).

Ab /ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Hīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Initiīs is the ablative plural form of initium, initiī (2n): beginning. Nōs is the accusative form of nōs: we (us). Rēgna is the nominative plural form of rēgnum, rēgnī (2n): kingdom; kingship. Nōn: not. Capiunt is the third person plural form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand; (in the passive) become crippled (with ablative of the part affected).

(Of food, drink, and material possessions.) Quantum is the accusative singular form of quantum, quantī (interrog. pron.): how great an amount? how much? Capiam is the first person singular subjunctive form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand; (in the passive) become crippled (with ablative of the part affected) (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Adhūc (adv.): still, yet. Nesciō, nescīre, nescīvī/nesciī, nescītum (4): to not know.

Neque/ nec (conj.): and not, neither, nor. Ratiōnem is the accusative singular form of ratiō, ratiōnis (3f): reason; calculation; account; method. Capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand; (in the passive) become crippled (with ablative of the part affected).

Alterō is the m/n ablative singular form of alter/altera/alterum (1/2, irreg.): the other, the second; one of two. Oculō is the ablative singular form of oculus, oculī (2m): eye. Capitur is the third person singular passive form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand; (in the passive) become crippled (with ablative of the part affected) (a historical present).

Omnibus is the m/f/n ablative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Membrīs is the ablative plural form of membrum, membrī (2n): limb; portion. Captum is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of captus/capta/captum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (afflicted, crippled) of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture; take in, hold, be able to contain, be large enough for; understand; (in the passive) become crippled (with ablative of the part affected). Esse: to be.

Vir, virī (2m): man; husband. Caret is the third person singular form of careō, carēre, caruī, caritum (2): to lack, be devoid of, be free from, be without; abstain from, deny oneself, keep away from (takes its object in the ablative case). Vītā is the ablative singular form of vīta, vītae (1f): life. Tuus /tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours.

Sed (conj.): but. Quaedam is the neuter nominative plural form of quīdam/quaedam/quiddam (pron.): someone, something; (in pl.) some people, some things. Animā is the ablative singular form of anima, anima (1f): breath; life; soul. Carent is the third person plural form of careō, carēre, caruī, caritum (2): to lack, be devoid of, be free from, be without; abstain from, deny oneself, keep away from (takes its object in the ablative case). Ut (rel. adv.): as. Saxa is the nominative plural form of saxum, saxī (2n): rock.

(One of the chief goods sought by Epicurus, along with a calm soul.) Dolōre is the ablative singular form of dolor, dolōris (3m): pain. Corpus, corporis (3n): body. Caret is the third person singular form of careō, carēre, caruī, caritum (2): to lack, be devoid of, be free from, be without; abstain from, deny oneself, keep away from (takes its object in the ablative case).

Caruit is the third person singular perfect form of careō, carēre, caruī, caritum (2): to lack, be devoid of, be free from, be without; abstain from, deny oneself, keep away from (takes its object in the ablative case). Forō is the ablative singular form of forum, forī (2n): forum, marketplace. Posteā (adv.): thereafter, afterwards. Pompēius /Pompēia/Pompēium (1/2): a family name (often referring to Pompey the Great).

(About a woman who didn’t word her will very carefully. Pliny is saying that since it’s clear to her heirs what she wanted, they should carry out her will as if she’d taken all the necessary precautions—and in a way she did, since she chose her heirs wisely.) Cāvit is the third person singular perfect form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, beware (of), guard against; take care, take precautions, make provision. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Quī/ quae /quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Hērēdēs is the accusative plural form of hērēs, hērēdis (3m/f): heir, heiress. Bene (adv.): well. Ēlēgit is the third person singular perfect form of ēligō, ēligere, ēlēgī, ēlēctum (3): to choose, elect.

Metuēs is the second person singular future form of metuō, metuere, metuī, metūtum (3): to fear, be afraid, dread. Doctusque /docta/doctum (1/2) is the perfect passive participle (having been taught) of doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Cavēbis is the second person singular future form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, beware (of), guard against; take care, take precautions, make provision.

(A warning not to shit there.) Cacātor is the vocative singular form of cacātor, cacātōris (3m): shitter, one who defecates. Cavē is the singular imperative form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, beware (of), guard against; take care, take precautions, make provision. Malum is the accusative singular form of malum, malī (2n): evil; trouble, misfortune; misdeed; disease.

Potest is the third person singular form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Fortūnam is the accusative singular form of fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune, luck; fate. Caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, beware (of), guard against; take care, take precautions, make provision. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum (3, irreg.): to carry, bear; endure.

Dicō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell. Ut (conj.): that, so that. Ab/ ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Mē is the ablative form of ego: I (me). Caveās is the second person singular subjunctive form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, beware (of), guard against; take care, take precautions, make provision; (with abl.) keep away from (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect command).

Cavē is the singular imperative form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, beware (of), guard against; take care, take precautions, make provision. Ignōscās is the second person singular subjunctive form of ignōscō, ignōscere, ignōvī, ignōtum (3): to forgive, pardon.

(A plant when you’re digging it out.) Cavētō is the singular future imperative form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, beware (of), guard against; take care, take precautions, make provision. Nē (conj. , with subjunctive): that not, lest. Frangātur is the third person singular passive subjunctive form of frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctum (3): to break.

(After tribunes were elected a certain way once, everyone decided the elections should work the same way going forward.) Itaque (adv.): so, thus, in this way (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Cautum est is the third person neuter singular perfect passive form of caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautum (2): to be on one’s guard, beware (of), guard against; take care, take precautions, make provision. Ut (conj.): that, so that. Posteā (adv.): thereafter, afterwards. Creārentur is the third person plural imperfect passive subjunctive form of creō, creāre, creāvī, creātum (1): to create, make; choose (a person for an office), elect.

Trānsversus /trānsversa/trānsversum (1/2): placed or moving crosswise or sideways. Nōn: not. Prōversus /prōversa/prōversum (1/2): facing or moving straight ahead. Cēdit is the third person singular form of cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum (3): to go, move; go away, withdraw, retreat; yield, submit; happen, result, turn out. Quasi (conj.): as if; just as. Cancer, cancrī (2m): crab; tumor. Solet is the third person singular form of soleō, solēre, solitus sum (2, semi-deponent): to be accustomed (to doing something), do (something) habitually.

Reliquī is the masculine nominative plural form of reliquus/reliqua/reliquum (1/2): left, remaining, the rest. Sē: themselves—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Vertērunt is the third person plural perfect form of vertō, vertere, vertī, versum (3): to turn around, reverse. Et (conj.): and. Locō is the ablative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place, position. Cessērunt is the third person plural perfect form of cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum (3): to go, move; go away, withdraw, retreat; yield, submit; happen, result, turn out.

(Speaking about grief.) Quisquis /quicquid (rel. pron.): whoever, whatever; (sometimes, with reference to a masculine noun) whichever. Ratiōnī is the dative singular form of ratiō, ratiōnis (3f): reason; method; calculation. Cessit is the third person singular perfect form of cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum (3): to go, move; go away, withdraw, retreat; yield, submit; happen, result, turn out. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into; for. Perpetuum is the m/n (here n) accusative singular form of perpetuus/perpetua/perpetuum (2): continuous; permanent, life-long, perpetual (in perpetuum = for life; forever). Componitur is the third person singular passive form of compōnō, compōnere, composuī, compositum (3): to compose, arrange, build; settle, calm, allay.

(He’s talking about traveling and tourism; he says it achieves nothing when stays the same.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into (or in with motion implied). Inritum is the m/n (here n) accusative singular form of inritus/inrita/inritum (1/2—also irritus): invalid; useless, to no purpose. Cēdit is the third person singular form of cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum (3): to go, move; go away, withdraw, retreat; yield, submit; happen, result, turn out (in inritum cēdit = results in no effect/is futile, etc.). Iste/ ista /istud (adj.): that. Iactātiō, iactātiōnis (3f): agitation, restless motion; boasting.

(When you live by virtue.) Omnia is the neuter nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): every; all. Tibi: to/for you—the dative form of tū: you. Ex /ē (prep.): from, out of; according to (takes the ablative). Sententiā is the ablative singular form of sententia, sententiae (1f): thought, opinion, idea; decision. Cēdent is the third person plural future form of cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum (3): to go, move; go away, withdraw, retreat; yield, submit; happen, result, turn out.

Nunc (adv.): now. Temptā is the singular imperative form of temptō, temptāre, temptāvī, temptātum (1): to test; try, attempt; attack; disturb. Quōmodo (interrog. adv.): how? Tibi: for you—the dative form of tū: you. Cēdat is the third person singular subjunctive form of cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessum (3): to go, move; go away, withdraw, retreat; yield, submit; happen, result, turn out (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Clēmentia, clēmentiae (1f): clemency, mercy.

Quid (interrog. adv.): why? Cessās is the second person singular form of cessō, cessāre, cessāvī, cessātum (1): to delay, hold back; cease; be idle, do nothing. Fortūna is the vocative singular form of fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune, chance, luck.

Saepe (adv.): often. Bonus/ bona /bonum (1/2): good. Māteria, māteriae (1f): material; matter, substance. Cessat is the third person singular form of cessō, cessāre, cessāvī, cessātum (1): to delay, hold back; cease; be idle, do nothing. Sine (prep.): without (takes the ablative). Artifice is the ablative singular form of artifex, artificis (3m): artist, craftsman.

Alius/alia/ aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another; different (aliud. . . aliud = one. . . another). Est: it is. Cēlō, cēlāre, cēlāvī, cēlātum (1): to hide, conceal. Alius/alia/ aliud (1/2, irreg.): another, other. Taceō, tacēre, tacuī, tacitum (2): to be silent.

At (conj.): but. Habet is the third person singular form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Et (conj.): and. Cēlat is the third person singular form of cēlō, cēlāre, cēlāvī, cēlātum (1): to hide, conceal.

Ab /ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Omnī is the m/f/n ablative singular form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Dissidet is the third person singular form of dissideō, dissidēre, dissēdī, — (2): to sit apart, be apart; disagree. Turbā is the ablative singular form of turba, turbae (1f): disturbance, uproar; crowd. Procul (adv.): far away; from afar. Cēlatque is the third person singular form of cēlō, cēlāre, cēlāvī, cēlātum (1): to hide, conceal (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Sēmet: himself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. this is sē + the enclitic particle – met, an intensifier of pronouns (it just adds emphasis).

Nōn: not. Cēlābō is the first person singular future form of cēlō, cēlāre, cēlāvī, cēlātum (1): to conceal, keep secret, disguise; keep in ignorance. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you.

Nōn: not. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Cēlō, cēlāre, cēlāvī, cēlātum (1): to conceal, keep secret, disguise; keep in ignorance. Sermōnem is the accusative singular form of sermō, sermōnis (3m): conversation, speech. T. : abbreviation of the first name Titus, Titī (2m; the form used here would have been the genitive). Ampī (also Ampiī) is the m/n (here m) genitive singular form of the Roman family name Ampius/Ampia/Ampium (1/2).

Plūribus is the m/f/n ablative form of plūrēs/plūrēs/plūra (3): more numerous, more (in number); many. Locīs is the ablative plural form of locus, locī (2m—or n in the plural): place. Simul (adv.): at the same time, simultaneously; together. Pugna, pugnae (1f): fight, battle, combat. Coepit is the third person singular perfect form of coepī, coepisse, coeptum (3, –iō, defective; usually occurs only in the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses): to begin, start.

Huiusce is the m/f/n genitive singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this (huius + the enclitic particle –ce, which adds emphasis). Modus, modī (2m): quantity; measure; limit; moderation; way, manner; sort, kind. Ōrātiōnem is the accusative singular form of ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis (3f): speech. Coepit is the third person singular perfect form of coepī, coepisse, coeptum (3, –iō, defective; usually occurs only in the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses): to begin, start.

Coepit is the third person singular perfect form of coepī, coepisse, coeptum (3, –iō, defective; usually occurs only in the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses): to begin, start. Dēlīberō, dēlīberāre, dēlīberāvī, dēlīberātum (1): to ponder, deliberate. Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes ablative). Morte is the ablative singular form of mors, mortis (3f): death.

Obsidērī is the passive infinitive form of obsideō, obsidēre, obsēdī, obsessum (2): to occupy; besiege. Urbs, urbis (3f): city. Coepta est is the third person feminine singular perfect passive form of coepī, coepisse, coeptum (3, –iō, defective; usually occurs only in the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses): to begin, start.

Utrimque (adv.): on both sides. Certābit is the third person singular future form of certō, certāre, certāvī, certātum (1): to compete, contend; fight. Īra, īrae (1f): anger.

Externa is the neuter nominative plural form of externus/externa/externum (1/2): external; foreign. Et (conj.) and. Domestica is the neuter nominative plural form of domesticus/domestica/domesticum (1/2): domestic, familiar, of the house. Odia is the nominative plural form of odium, odiī (2n): hatred, grudge. Certō, certāre, certāvī, certātum (1): to compete, contend; fight (a historical infinitive). In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Animīs is the ablative plural form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul; the heart, feelings, passions.

Locrēnsēs is the m/f (here m) nominative plural form of Locrēnsis/Locrēnsis/Locrēnse (3): Locrian (the Locrians were a Greek tribe that founded a colony in Italy). Portās is the accusative plural form of porta, portae (1f): gate. Rōmānīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of Rōmānus/Rōmāna/Rōmānum (1/2): Roman. Clausērunt is the third person plural perfect form of claudō, claudere, clausī, clausum (3): to shut, close; shut up, enclose, imprison; cover, hide, conceal; end, conclude.

Claudam is the first person singular future form of claudō, claudere, clausī, clausum (3): to shut, close; shut up, enclose, imprison; cover, hide, conceal; end, conclude. Inquit is the third person singular form of inquam (irreg. and defective): to say (inquit = he/she/it says or said). In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Cūriā is the ablative singular form of cūria, cūriae (1f): court; Senate-house; Senate. Vōs is the accusative form of vōs: you (pl.).

Aliās (adv.): at another time or times. Serēna is the neuter nominative plural form of serēnus/serēna/serēnum (1/2): clear, tranquil, serene; (n. pl. used substantively) clear sky. Clauduntur is the third person plural passive form of claudō, claudere, clausī, clausum (3): to shut, close; shut up, enclose, imprison; cover, hide, conceal; end, conclude.

Poteram is the first person singular imperfect form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Hōc is the m/n ablative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Locō is the ablative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place; point. Epistulam is the accusative singular form of epistula, epistulae (1f): letter. Claudō, claudere, clausī, clausum (3): to shut, close; shut up, enclose, imprison; cover, hide, conceal; end, conclude.

Stultē (adv.): foolishly, stupidly. Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it (these things). Cōgitantur is the third person plural passive form of cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think (of/about), consider, reflect (upon); plan, intend.

Cōgitā is the singular imperative form of cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think (of/about), consider, reflect (upon); plan, intend. Modestiam is the accusative singular form of modestia, modestiae (1f): moderation; modesty. Eius is the m/f/n genitive singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that.

Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Nunc (adv.): now. Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Cōgitās is the second person singular form of cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think (of/about), consider, reflect (upon); plan, intend.

Cōgite is the plural imperative form of cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum (3): to drive or bring together, round up, gather, collect; force, compel. Ovīs is the accusative plural form of ovis, ovis (3f): sheep. Puerī is the vocative plural form of puer, puerī (2m): boy; child. (Compare the result using cōgitā (and puer): consider the sheep, lad!)

Improbī is the masculine nominative plural form of improbus/improba/improbum (1/2): immoral, wicked, vile; excessive, immoderate, persistent. Sunt: they are. Quī is the masculine nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Pecūniās is the accusative plural form of pecūnia, pecūniae (1f): money. Contrā (prep.): against, opposite, contrary to (takes accusative). Lēgēs is the accusative plural form of lēx, lēgis (3f): law. Cōgunt is the third person plural form of cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum (3): to drive or bring together, round up, gather, collect; force, compel.

Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Necessitās, necessitātis (3f): necessity. Cōgit is the third person singular form of cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum (3): to drive or bring together, round up, gather, collect; force, compel. Dēfendit is the third person singular form of dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsum (3): to defend.

Sōcratēs, Sōcratis (3m): Socrates. Cōgitur is the third person singular passive form of cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum (3): to drive or bring together, round up, gather, collect; force, compel. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Carcere is the ablative singular form of carcer, carceris (3m): prison. Morior, morī, mortuus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to die.

(The soul is speaking; since it’s separate from the body, it doesn’t have to worry about burial.) Nūllī is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any, none. Reliquiās is the accusative form of reliquiae, reliquiārum (1f, plural only): remains, remnants. Meās is the feminine accusative plural form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine. Commendō, commendāre, commendāvī, commendātum (1): to entrust; recommend; commend, make agreeable.

Ōtium is the accusative singular form of ōtium, ōtiī (2n): freedom from business, leisure (esp. the leisure that follows retirement); inactivity; peace (the italics in the literal translation, and the structure of less literal one, are suggested by the word order). Inquis is the second person singular form of inquam (irreg. and defective): to say. Seneca is the vocative singular form of Seneca, Senecae (1m). Commendās is the second person singular form of commendō, commendāre, commendāvī, commendātum (1): to entrust; recommend; commend, make agreeable. Mihi: to me—the dative form of ego: I.

Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul. Est: it is. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Sibi: to itself—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Commendet is the third person singular subjunctive form of commendō, commendāre, commendāvī, commendātum (1): to entrust; recommend; make agreeable (subjunctive because it expresses a kind of purpose). Omnia is the neuter accusative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every.

Iugulō is the dative singular form of iugulum, iugulī (2n): collarbone; throat. Manum is the accusative singular form of manus, manūs (4f): hand. Commīsit is the third person singular perfect form of committō, committere, commīsī, commisum (3): to bring into contact, join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust.

Committat is the third person singular subjunctive form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact, join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust (a jussive subjunctive). Undās is the accusative plural form of unda, undae (1f): wave; water. Isthmos, isthmī (2m—also isthmus; the word is taken from Greek and – os is the Greek ending): a strip of land between two seas; an isthmus.

Hostēs is the nominative plural form of hostis, hostis (3m/f): enemy. Proelium is the accusative singular form of proelium, proeliī (2n): battle, combat. Committunt is the third person plural form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact, join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust (a historical present).

Imparem is the m/f accusative singular form of impār, imparis (3): unequal; ill-matched, not matching up. Cōpiīs is the ablative plural form of cōpia, cōpiae (1f): supply, abundance; (pl.) troops, forces. Exercitum is the accusative singular form of exercitus, exercitūs (4m): army. Temere (adv.): by accident; rashly, indiscreetly. Pugnae is the dative singular form of pugna, pugnae (1f): battle. Commīsit is the third person singular perfect form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact, join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust.

Haec is the neuter accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptum (3): to write. A. is an abbreviation of ante (prep.): before (takes the accusative). D. is an abbreviation of diem, the accusative singular form of dies, diēī (5m/f): day. Viiii stands for nōnum, the m/n accusative singular form of nōnus/nōna/nōnum (1/2): ninth. Kal. stands for Kalendās, the accusative form of Kalendae, Kalendārum (1f, plural only—also Calendae): Calends (the first day of a month). Nov. stands for Novembrēs or Novembrīs, the m/f accusative plural form of November/Novembris/Novembre (3): of November, belonging to the month of November. Quō is the m/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. adj.): which. Diē is the ablative singular form of dies, diēī (5m/f): day. Lūdī is the nominative plural form of lūdus, lūdī (2m): game. Committēbantur is the third person plural imperfect passive form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact, join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust.

(Because he’s punished when anger about it is still fresh.) Saepe (adv.): often. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Minus is the accusative singular form of minus, minōris (3n): a lesser amount, less. Commīsit is the third person singular perfect form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact, join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust. Plūs is the accusative singular form of plus, plūris (3n): a larger amount, more. Patitur is the third person singular form of patior, patī, passus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to suffer, endure; allow.

Numquam (adv.): never. Committet is the third person singular future form of committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact, join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust. Ut (conj. , with subjunctive): that. Aliēnum is the m/n accusative singular form of aliēnus/aliēna/aliēnum (1/2): of another, belonging to another; unfamiliar (the neuter is here used substantively to mean a thing belonging to another). Appetat is the third person singular subjunctive form of appetō, appetere, appetīvī/appetiī, appetītum (3): to strive after, desire, covet.

Ēbriō is the m/n (here m) dative singular form of ēbrius/ēbria/ēbrium (1/2): drunk. Sēcrētum is the m/n accusative singular form of sēcrētus/sēcrēta/sēcrētum (1/2): secret—originally the perfect passive participle of sēcernō, sēcernere, sēcrēvī, sēcrētum (3): to separate, set aside. Sermōnem is the accusative singular form of sermō, sermōnis (3m): conversation, speech. Nēmō, nēminis (3m/f): no one. Committit is the third person singular form of committō, committere, commīsī, commisum (3): to bring into contact, join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust.

Male (adv.): badly. Īrātō is the m/n (here m) dative singular form of īrātus/īrāta/īrātum (2): angry—originally the perfect participle (having become angry) of īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum (3, deponent): to be or become angry. Ferrum is the accusative singular form of ferrum, ferrī (2n): iron; sword. Committitur is the third person singular passive form of committō, committere, commīsī, commisum (3): to bring into contact, join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust.

Aliquis /aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, something; anyone, anything. Vult is the third person singular form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish. Īrātō is the m/n (here m) dative singular form of īrātus/īrāta/īrātum (1/2): angry. Committī is the passive infinitive form of committō, committere, commīsī, commisum (3): to bring into contact, join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust. Ultiōnem is the accusative singular form of ultiō, ultiōnis (3f): revenge.

Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Cōnābor is the first person singular future form of cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum (1, deponent): to make efforts, exert oneself; try, attempt, endeavor. Facio, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Manifestum is the m/n accusative singular form of manifestus/manifesta/manifestum (1/2): manifest, apparent, plain, clear.

Surge is the singular imperative form of surgō, surgere, surrēxī, surrēctum (3): to rise, get up, stand up, arise. Tū: you (could be taken as nominative or vocative). Dēbilis is the m/f vocative singular form of dēbilis/dēbilis/dēbile (3): disabled, crippled; weak, frail. Cōnātur is the third person singular form of cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum (1, deponent): to make efforts, exert oneself; try, attempt, endeavor. Et (conj.): and. Corruit is the third person singular form of corruō, corruere, corruī, — (3): to fall, fall down, collapse; be ruined, fail; overthrow, ruin.

(Because he’s still in their grasp.) Quārē (interrog. adv.): why? Vitia is the accusative plural form of vitium, vitiī (2n): fault, vice. Sua: his (own)—the neuter accusative plural form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Nēmō, nēminis (3m): no one. Cōnfitētur is the third person singular form of cōnfiteor, cōnfitērī, cōnfessus sum (2, deponent): to confess.

Ego: I. Certē (adv.): certainly, surely, of course; at least, at any rate. Cōnfitēbor is the first person singular future form of cōnfiteor, cōnfitērī, cōnfessus sum (2, deponent): to confess. Imbēcillitātem is the accusative singular form of imbēcillitās, imbēcillitātis (3f): weakness, feebleness, impotence. Meam is the feminine accusative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine.

(From consulting a philosopher.) Multum (adv.): much, a lot, greatly. Eam is the feminine accusative singular form of is/ea/id (adj.): this, that. Rem is the accusative singular form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; fact; event. Prōfuisse is the perfect infinitive form of prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrum (irreg.): to benefit, avail, be useful, be helpful (takes a dative object). Sibi: (to) her(self)—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Cōnfessa est is the third person feminine singular perfect form of cōnfiteor, cōnfitērī, cōnfessus sum (2, deponent): to confess, admit, acknowledge.

Eō is the m/n ablative singular form of is/ea/id (adj.): this, that (modifying locō). Nōs: us, ourselves—the accusative form of nōs: we. Locō is the ablative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place. Cōnstituāmus is the first person plural subjunctive form of cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum (3): to put, place, set up; create, found, establish; decide (upon), fix, appoint, determine (subjunctive because it’s hortatory). Quō is the m/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron): who, which, that, what. Ille /illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Est: is. Cui is the m/f/n dative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron): who, which, that, what. Īrāscimur is the first person plural form of īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum (3, deponent): to be or become angry; the object of the anger goes in the dative case—thus cui.

Urbēs is the accusative plural form of urbs, urbis (3f): city. Cōnstituit is the third person singular form of cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum (3): to put, place, set up; create, found, establish; decide (upon), fix, appoint, determine. Aetās, aetātis (3f): age. Hōra, hōrae (1f): hour. Dissolvit is the third person singular form of dissolvō, dissolvere, dissolvī, dissolūtum (3): to loosen, untie; release; dissolve, destroy; solve; refute.

Cōnstituit is the third person singular perfect form (it could also be the present tense) of cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum (3): to put, place, set up; create, found, establish; decide (upon), fix, appoint, determine. Fīliam is the accusative singular form of fīlia, fīliae (1f): daughter. Fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsum (3): to deceive.

Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Cōnstituerīs is the second person singular perfect subjunctive form of cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum (3): to put, place, set up; create, found, establish; decide (upon), fix, appoint, determine (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, long, wish. Sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know.

Ad (prep.): to; at (takes the accusative). Cōnstitūtum is the m/ne accusative singular form of cōnstitūtus/cōnstitūta/cōnstitūtum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (appointed, established) of cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum (3): to put, place, set up; create, found, establish; decide (upon), fix, appoint, determine. Tempus is the accusative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. Vēnit is the third person singular perfect form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come—or it could be a historical present: venit (only the length of the e differs).

(A rank, or class, used for military and taxation purposes and requiring a certain amount of wealth; below senator and above plebeian.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Equestrī is the m/f/n ablative singular form of equester/equestris/equestre (3): mounted on a horse; of or connected with horsemen or cavalry; equestrian. Ōrdine is the ablative singular form of ōrdō, ōrdinis (3m): order, class, rank. Cōnstitērunt is the third person plural perfect form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of; be based or depend on; cost; (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact.

(What more could it then want? Nothing.) Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul. Cōnstat is the third person singular form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of; be based or depend on; cost; (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact. Sibi: to/for/with itself—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Et (conj.): and. Placidus /placida/placidum (1/2): peaceful, calm. Est: is.

Glōria, glōriae (1f): glory. Multōrum is the m/n (here m) genitive plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Iūdicīs (a contracted variant of iūdiciīs) is the ablative plural form of iūdicium, iūdiciī (2n): judgment; trial. Cōnstat is the third person singular form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of (with ablative); be based on (with ablative); cost (with ablative); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact. Clāritās, clāritātis (3f): clarity, brightness; fame, renown. Bonōrum is the m/n (here m) genitive plural form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good.

Ex /ē (prep.): from, out of (takes ablative). Animō is the ablative singular form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit. Cōnstāmus is the first person plural form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of or be composed of (with ex/ē); be based on (with ablative); cost (with ablative); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact. Et (conj.): and. Corpore is the ablative singular form of corpus, corporis (3n): body.

Iste/ ista /istud (adj.): that, this. Rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair. Animō is the ablative singular form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul; will, intention. Cōnstat is the third person singular form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of (with ablative); be based on (with ablative); cost (with ablative); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact.

Parvō is the m/n ablative singular form of parvus/parva/parvum (1/2): small, little; unimportant (neuter used substantively as an ablative of price; the same goes with magnō below). Famēs, famis (3f): hunger. Cōnstat is the third person singular form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of (with ablative); be based on (with ablative); cost (with ablative); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact. Magnō is the m/n ablative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large; important. Fastīdium, fastīdiī (2n): disgust, squeamishness; haughtiness, pride.

Tantum, tantī (2n): so great an amount, so much; this amount, this much; as great an amount, as much. Cōnstat is the third person singular form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of (with ablative); be based on (with ablative); cost (with ablative); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact. Patrī is the dative singular form of pater, patris (3m): father. Captīvitās, captīvitātis (3f): captivity. Meus/ mea /meum (1/2): my, mine.

Cōnstat is the third person singular form of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; endure, remain, last, continue; be consistent; consist of (with ablative); be based on (with ablative); cost (with ablative); (impersonal) be well known, be agreed, be established as a fact. Semper (adv.): always. Gravem is the m/f accusative singular form of gravis/gravis/grave (3): heavy; grave, serious. Sērium is the m/n accusative singular form of sērius/sēria/sērium (1/2): weighty, serious. Fuisse: to have been—the perfect infinitive of form of of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.

Vidēs is the second person singular form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. Honōrem is the accusative singular form of honor, honōris (3m): honor; public office. Et (conj.): and. Notam is the accusative singular form of nota, notae (1f): a mark, sign; a means of recognition; a mark of infamy; disgrace. Possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Contemnī is the passive infinitive form of contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum (3): to despise, scorn, hold in contempt, value little, disregard.

(When bad people do good things.) Factum is the accusative singular form of factum, factī (2n): fact, act. Laudāvimus is the first person plural perfect form of laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum (1): to praise. Contempsimus is the first person plural perfect form of contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum (3): to despise, scorn, hold in contempt, value little, disregard. Virum is the accusative singular form of vir, virī (2m): man.

(He’s describing people who are partway down the Stoic path. The verbs are singular because the implied grammatical subject is the singular noun genus: a kind (of people).) Mortem is the accusative singular form of mors, mortis (3f): death. Contemnit is the third person singular form of contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum (3): to despise, scorn, hold in contempt, value little, disregard. Dolōrem is the accusative singular form of dolor, dolōris (3m): pain. Reformīdat is the third person singular form of reformīdō, reformīdāre, reformīdāvī, reformīdātum (1): to dread; shrink from, avoid through fear.

Terram is the accusative singular form of terra, terrae (1f): earth; land. Ōsculō is the ablative singular form of ōsculum, ōsculī (2n): kiss; (little) mouth, lips (usually with reference to kissing). Contigit is the third person singular perfect form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to.

(The “it” is a camp: castra, castrōrum (2n), which is always plural when it has that meaning; that’s why the plural haec is used to refer to it.) Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Silvam is the accusative singular form of silva, silvae (1f): forest, wood. Quandam is the feminine accusative singular form of quīdam/quaedam/quoddam (adj.): some, a certain, a(n). Contingēbant is the third person plural imperfect form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to.

Contigit is the third person singular perfect form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to. Illyricōs is the masculine accusative plural form of Illyricus/Illyrica/Illyricum (1/2): Illyrian (of Illyria, a region northwest of Greece). Profugā is the feminine ablative singular form of profugus/profuga/profugum (1/2): that flees or has fled; exiled. Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Coniuge is the ablative singular form of coniūnx, coniugis (3m/f): spouse; husband or wife. Fīnēs is the accusative plural form of fīnis, fīnis (3m): end; limit; purpose; border.

Quandō (interrog. adv.): when? Ad (prep.): to (takes accusative). Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Gaudium is the accusative singular form of gaudium, gaudiī (2n): joy. Perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventum (4): to come (all the way to a place), arrive. Continget is the third person singular future form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to.

Mihi is the dative form of ego: I (to me). Contingat is the third person singular subjunctive form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to (a jussive or optative subjunctive). Iste /ista/istud (adj.): that. Dērīsus, dērīsūs (4m): mockery, derision.

Nūllī is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any; (m. sg. used substantively) no one. Contigit is the third person singular form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to. Inpūnē (adv.): with impunity, unpunished. Nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum (3, deponent): to be born.

Nēmō, nēminis (3m/f): no one. Sibi: to himself—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Contigit is the third person singular perfect form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; be contiguous with, border on; reach, arrive at; (with dative) happen, fall to the lot of, be granted to.

Mortālēs is the m/f nominative plural form of mortālis/mortālis/mortāle (3): mortal; (used substantively) a mortal, a man, a human. Multī is the masculine nominative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Ut (rel. adv.): as. Ad (prep.): to; at (takes accusative). Lūdōs is the accusative plural form of lūdus, lūdī (2m): game, play, sport, pastime; (in pl.) public games, festival. Convēnerant is the third person plural pluperfect form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree.

Tūte (pron.): you yourself (an emphatic tū). Ipsum is the m/n accusative singular form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (pron.): (he) himself, (she) herself, (it) itself, that very person or thing. Convēnistī is the second person singular perfect form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree.

Cōnsulēs is the accusative plural form of cōnsul, cōnsulis (3m): consul. Conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree. Multōsque is the masculine accusative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Nostrī is the m/n genitive singular form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): ours, ours. Ōrdō, ōrdinis (3m): class, rank; order, arrangement.

Frōns, frontis (3f): forehead, brow; front, façade; that which is outwardly visible, appearance. Populō is the dative singular form of populus, populī (2m): people; nation; general public. Noster/ nostra /nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Conveniat is the third person singular subjunctive form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree (some senses take the dative) (subjunctive because it’s jussive).

Īlicōne (adv.): on the spot; immediately (the enclitic interrogative particle – ne turns the word into part of a question). Ad (prep.): to (takes accusative). Praetōrem is the accusative singular form of praetor, praetōris (3m): praetor. Eō, īre, iī/īvī, itum (irreg.): to go. Convēnit is the third person singular perfect form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree (some senses take the dative).

Nam (particle): for. Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Mē: me—the accusative form of ego: I. Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Convēnit is the third person singular perfect form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree (some senses take the dative).

Condiciōnēs is the nominative plural form of condiciō, condiciōnis (3f): agreement; condition; situation. Nōn: not. Convēnērunt is the third person plural perfect form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree (some senses take the dative).

(That gratitude is honorable.) In (prep.) (with abl.): in, on; (with acc.) into. Hōc is the m/n (here n) ablative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Bonīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Malīsque is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of malus/mala/malum (1/2): bad (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Conveniet is the third person singular future form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree (some senses take the dative).

(He’s saying: let’s reserve judgment about your friend until he shows that he and his vices have actually become enemies.) Nunc (adv.): now; as it is now. Illīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it (them). Male (adv.): badly. Convenit is the third person singular form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree (some senses take the dative).

Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Frātrī is the dative singular form of frāter, frātris (3m): brother. Mēcum: with me (mē = me; cum = with). Nōn: not. Conveniunt is the third person plural form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree (some senses take the dative).

Iūdex, iūdicis (3m/f): judge. Inter (prep.): between; among (takes the accusative). Eōs is the masculine accusative plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): this, that; he, she, it. Convēnit is the third person singular perfect form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted or fitting; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement; agree (some senses take the dative). Atīlius /Atīlia/Atīlium (1/2): nomen (family name) of a Roman general. Cālātīnus, Cālātīnī (2m): cognomen (familiar name) of the same.

Carbasa is the accusative plural form of carbasus, carbasī (2f—but neuter in the plural): fine linen; linen cloth; sail. Ventīs is the dative plural form of ventus, ventī (2m): wind. Crēdit is the third person singular form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe. Dubius /dubia/dubium (1/2): uncertain, doubtful. Nāvita, nāvitae (1m): sailor. Vīta, vītae (1f): life.

Pecūnia, pecūniae (1f): money. Etiam (particle): still; also; even. Male (adv.): badly. Crēditae is the feminine genitive singular form of crēditus/crēdita/crēditum (1/2), the perfect passive participle of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe. Exāctiō, exāctiōnis (3f): a driving out, expelling; a collection, exaction, calling in (of debts). Est: there is.

Crēdēbat is the third person singular imperfect form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe. Eōrum: of them—the m/n (here m) genitive plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Nēminī is the dative form of nēmō, nēminis (3m/f, usually m; singular only): no one.

Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Volunt is the third person plural form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want. Crēdunt is the third person plural form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe. Quoque (adv.): also, too, as well.

(Beforehand: Death ought to be scorned more than it is.) Multa is the neuter accusative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes ablative). Illā is the feminine ablative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Crēdidimus is the first person plural perfect form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe.

Nōs: us, ourselves—the accusative form of nōs: we. Possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Nōn: not. Crēdimus is the first person plural form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe.

Metum is the accusative singular form of metus, metūs (4m): fear. Crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe. Valuisse is the perfect infinitive form of valeō, valēre, valuī, valitum (2): to be strong, be well, be healthy; be strong enough (to), be able; be of effect; prevail; be worth. Et (conj.): and. Arma is the accusative form of arma, armōrum (2n, plural only): arms, weapons.

Scit is the third person singular form of sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know. Tempore is the ablative singular form of tempus, temporīs (3n): time, season, occasion. Honesta is the neuter accusative plural form of honestus/honesta/honestum (1/2): honorable, noble. Nōn: not. Crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum (3): to grow, increase.

(Talking about reason.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Opere is the ablative singular form of opus, operis (3n): work. Crēscit is the third person singular form of crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum (3): to grow, increase.

(He’s talking about riches and comparing them to time.) Sī (conj.): if. Bonō is the m/n dative singular form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Custōdī is the dative singular form of custōs, custōdis (3m/f): protector, custodian. Trāditae sunt is the third person feminine plural perfect passive form of trādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditum (3): to hand over; entrust. Ūsū is the ablative singular form of ūsus, ūsūs (4m): use; practice. Crēscunt is the third person plural form of crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum (3): to grow, increase.

Quī/ quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what (he who). Multum is the accusative singular form of multum, multī (2n): a large amount, much. Habet is the third person singular form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Plūs is the accusative singular form of plūs, plūris (3n): a larger amount, more. Cupit is the third person singular form of cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, wish for, want.

Tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātum (3): to raise. Fīliōs is the accusative plural form of fīlius, fīliī (2m): son. Cupiunt is the third person plural form of cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, wish for, want.

Id is the neuter accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Omnī is the m/f/n ablative singular form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Modō is the ablative singular form of modus, modī (2m): measure; limit; way, manner, means. Cōnsequor, cōnsequī, cōnsecūtus sum (3, deponent): to follow; catch up with; attain. Cupiet is the third person singular future form of cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, wish for, want.

Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, wish for, want. Pereō, perīre, periī, peritum (irreg.): to become lost, vanish, disappear; be destroyed, perish, die. Mēcum: with me (mē = me; cum = with).

(If you want him to cry when you’re dead, don’t leave him anything in your will.) Sī (conj.): if. Cupis is the second person singular form of cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, wish for, want. Ut (conj.): that, so that. Plōret is the third person singular subjunctive form of plōrō, plōrāre, plōrāvī, plōrātum (1): to weep aloud, cry, wail. Dēs is the second person singular subjunctive form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1): to give (subjunctive because it’s a command). Mariāne is the masculine vocative singular form of the family name Mariānus/Mariāna/Mariānum (1/2). Nihil (indeclinable noun; here accusative): nothing.

Cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire, wish for, want. Mehercule is an interjection used as an oath to strengthen a statement: by Hercules! Possīs is the second person singular subjunctive form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come.

In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Medium is the m/n accusative singular form of medius/media/medium (1/2): middle (often used where in English we would say the middle/midst of. . . ; since it’s an adjective, it agrees with the noun that would come after of in English). Cucurrit is the third person singular perfect form of currō, currere, cucurrī, cursum (3): to run, hasten, travel quickly. Incendium is the accusative singular form of incendium, incendiī (2n): fire, conflagration.

(Everything is always changing, including us.) Quidquid is the neuter accusative singular form of quisquis/quidquid (rel. pron. ; the neuter form is also spelled quicquid): whoever, whatever. Vidēs is the second person singular form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. Currit is the third person singular form of currō, currere, cucurrī, cursum (3): to run, hasten, travel quickly. Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Tempore is the ablative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time.

Fluunt is the third person plural form of fluō, fluere, flūxī, flūxum (3): to flow, stream, pour. Diēs is the nominative plural form of diēs, diēī (5m/f): day. Et (conj.): and. Irreparābilis/ irreparābilis /irreparābile (3): irreparable, irrecoverable, irretrievable. Vīta, vītae (1f): life. Dēcurrit is the third person singular form of dēcurrō, dēcurrere, dēcurrī/dēcucurrī, dēcursum (3): to run down; flow down; hasten.

Dum (conj.): while, as; until; as long as. Differtur is the third person singular passive form of differō, differre, distulī, dīlātum (3, irreg.): to carry in different directions, scatter; delay, put off, postpone; differ. Vīta, vītae (1f): life. Trānscurrit is the third person singular form of trānscurrō, trānscurrere, trānscurrī/trānscucurrī, trānscursum (3): to run across, run over, run past; travel or pass rapidly through.

(I’m in the same boat as people who are ruined through no fault of their own—i.e., . . .) Omnēs is the m/f nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (m. pl. used substantively) all people, everyone. Ignōscunt is the third person plural form of ignōscō, ignōscere, ignōvī, ignōtum (3): to forgive, pardon. Nēmō, nēminis (3m/f): no one. Succurrit is the third person singular form of succurrō, succurrere, succurrī, succursum (3): to run under; run or hasten to the rescue of; help, rescue, assist (takes a dative object).

(Philosophy.) Illī is the m/f/n dative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Vītam is the accusative singular form of vīta, vītae (1f): life. Dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should; be bound. Et (conj.): and. Nihil: nothing (here accusative). Minus is the neuter accusative singular form of minor/minor/minus (3): smaller, lesser, less—the comparative form of parvus/parva/parvum (1/2): small, little.

(From the journey toward death.) Revocō, revocāre, revocāvī, revocātum (1): to call back, recall. Mē: me—the accusative form of ego: I. Neque/ nec (conj.): and not, nor; (adv.): not; neither, not either, not even (nec. . . nec: neither. . . nor). Dēbēs is the second person singular form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should; be bound. Neque/ nec (conj.): nor. Potes is the second person singular form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can.

(All things.) Nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum (3, deponent): to be born. Dēbent is the third person plural form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should; be bound. Crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum (3): to grow. Exstinguī is the passive infinitive form of exstinguō, exstinguere, exstīnxī, exstīnctum (3—also extinguō): to extinguish; kill, destroy.

Quemadmodum (interrog. adv.): how? Sānārī is the passive infinitive form of sānō, sānāre, sānāvī, sānātum (1): to heal, cure. Dēbeat is the third person singular subjunctive form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should; be bound (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Mōnstrā is the singular imperative form of mōnstrō, mōnstrāre, mōnstrāvī, mōnstrātum (1): to point out, show.

Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Dēbuistī is the second person singular perfect form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should; be bound.

(Instead of dying of chagrin when his brother lost an election.) Moderātius (adv.): more moderately, more temperately—the comparative form of moderātē (adv.): in a restrained manner, with moderation, moderately, temperately. Igitur (conj.): therefore, then. Ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum (3, irreg.): to carry, bear, bring; endure; produce; win, obtain. Dēbuit is the third person singular perfect form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should; be bound.

(If the spirit is beneath the station, the station is dragged down to the level of the spirit.) Magnam is the feminine accusative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large. Fortūnam is the feminine accusative singular form of fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune, luck; condition, fate, lot. Magnus /magna/magnum (1/2): great, large. Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit. Decet, decēre, decuit, — (2, third person only): to be fitting, suitable, proper or becoming; suit, befit, beseem.

Cautiō, cautiōnis (3f): caution. Illum is the masculine accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Decet, decēre, decuit, — (2, third person only): to be fitting, suitable, proper or becoming; suit, befit, beseem. Timor, timōris (3m): fear, dread. Nōn: not. Decet, decēre, decuit, — (2, third person only): to be fitting, suitable, proper or becoming; suit, befit, beseem.

Aperta is the neuter nominative plural form of apertus/aperta/apertum (1/2): open—originally the perfect passive participle (having been opened) of aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum (4): to open, uncover. Decent is the third person plural form of decet, decēre, decuit, — (2, third person only): to be fitting, suitable, proper or becoming; suit, befit, beseem. Et (conj.): and. Simplicia is the neuter nominative plural form of simplex, simplicis (3, adj.): single, onefold, uncompounded; simple; artless, candid. Bonitātem is the accusative singular form of bonitās, bonitātis (3f): the good quality of a thing; goodness, excellence.

Temporī is the dative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time; the circumstances existing as a particular time, the conditions of the moment. Aptārī is the passive infinitive form of aptō, aptāre, aptāvī, aptātum (1): to adapt, fit, adjust (the reflexive passive). Decet, decēre, decuit, — (2, third person only): to be fitting, suitable, proper or becoming; suit, befit, beseem.

Decet, decēre, decuit, — (2, third person only): to be fitting, suitable, proper or becoming; suit, befit, beseem. Timērī is the passive infinitive form of timeō, timēre, timuī, — (2): to fear, be afraid. Caesarem is the accusative singular form of Caesar, Caesaris (3m): Caesar.

(He’s having an imaginary dialogue with the founder of Stoicism.) Quid (interrog. adv.): why? Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Dēcipis is the second person singular form of dēcipiō, dēcipere, dēcēpī, dēceptum (3, –iō): to deceive. Zēnō is the vocative singular form of Zēnō, Zēnōnis (3m—also Zēnōn): Zeno of Citium, found of the the Stoic school of philosophy.

Omnēs is the m/f accusative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (m. pl. used substantively) everyone. Istōs is the masculine accusative plural form of iste/ista/istud (pron.): that, this; he, she, it. Oblectāmenta is the nominative plural form of oblectāmentum, oblectāmentī (2n): delight, pleasure, amusement. Fallācia is the neuter nominative plural form of fallāx, fallācis (3, adj.): deceitful, deceptive. Et (conj.): and. Brevia is the neuter nominative plural form of brevis/brevis/breve (3): short, brief. Dēcipiunt is the third person plural form of dēcipiō, dēcipere, dēcēpī, dēceptum (3, –iō): to deceive.

Lēctiō, lēctiōnis (3f): a reading; reading out loud. Certus/ certa /certum (1/2): certain, settled, resolved, fixed; specified, particular. Prōdest is the third person singular form of prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrus (irreg.): to benefit, be useful, be helpful (takes the dative). Varius/ varia /varium (1/2): various, diverse, changing. Dēlectat is the third person singular form of dēlectō, dēlectāre, dēlectāvī, dēlectātum (1): to delight, please.

Malus/ mala /malum (1/2): bad; evil. Opīniō, opīniōnis (3f): opinion, belief; reputation, repute. Bene (adv.): well. Partus/ parta /partum (1/2) is the perfect passive participle (acquired) of pariō, parere, peperī, partum (3): to give birth to; beget; get, acquire. Dēlectet is the third person singular subjunctive form of dēlectō, dēlectāre, dēlectāvī, dēlectātum (1): to delight, please (subjunctive because it’s jussive).

Enniō is the m/n (here m) ablative singular form of the family name Ennius/Ennia/Ennium (1/2); here, as often, it refers to the famous Roman poet Ennius. Dēlector is the first person singular passive form of dēlectō, dēlectāre, dēlectāvī, dēlectātum (1): to delight, please.

(To enter the fray.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Arēnam is the accusative singular form of arēna, arēnae (1f—also harēna): sand; arena; place of combat. Dēscendō, dēscendere, dēscendī, dēscēnsum (3): to descend, go down; sink, penetrate deeply.

Vīs, vīs (3f, irreg.): power; force. Istō (adv.): there (with motion), thither, to that place. Dīvīnus/ dīvīna /dīvīnum (1/2): divine. Dēscendit is the third person singular perfect form of dēscendō, dēscendere, dēscendī, dēscēnsum (3): to descend, go down; sink, penetrate deeply.

Dēscendit is the third person singular perfect form of dēscendō, dēscendere, dēscendī, dēscēnsum (3): to descend, go down; sink, penetrate deeply. Vulnus, vulneris (3n): wound. Ad (prep.): to, toward; according to (takes the accusative). Ossa is the accusative plural form of os, ossis (3n): bone. Meus/mea/ meum (1/2): my, mine.

Petrēius /Petrēia/Petrēium (1/2): Roman family name. Vērō (particle): truly, in truth, indeed; but, however, on the other hand. Nōn: not. Dēserit is the third person singular form of dēserō, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertum (3): to desert, abandon, fail, give up (the historical present). Sēsē: himself—a variant of sē, the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun.

Nōbilitās, nōbilitātis (3f): nobility, aristocracy. Rem is the accusative singular form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair. Pūblicam is the feminine accusative singular form of pūblicus/pūblica/pūblicum (1/2): public, of the state (rēs pūblica = the state). Dēseruerat is the third person singular pluperfect form of dēserō, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertum (3): to desert, abandon, fail, give up.

Ego: I. Meam is the feminine accusative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine. Salūtem is the accusative singular form of salūs, salūtis (3f): safety; salvation. Dēserō, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertum (3): to desert, abandon, fail, give up.

Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Ūnum is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of ūnus/ūna/ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one; alone; only. Dēsīderō, dēsīderāre, dēsīderāvī, dēsīderātum (1): to long for, miss; want, desire; need, require.

Exiguum is the accusative singular form of exiguum, exiguī (2n): a small amount (a substantive use of exiguus/exigua/exiguum (1/2): small, scanty). Nātūra, nātūrae (1f): nature. Dēsīderat is the third person singular form of dēsīderō, dēsīderāre, dēsīderāvī, dēsīderātum (1): to long for, miss; want, desire; need, require. Opīniō, opīniōnis (3f): opinion, belief. Inmēnsum is the accusative singular form of inmēnsum, inmēnsī (2n—also immēnsum): a boundless space, extent or amount, an immensity (a substantive use of inmēnsus/inmēnsa/inmēnsum (1/2—also immēnsus): boundless, endless, of immense size).

Quisquis/ quicquid (rel. pron. ; the neuter form is also spelled quidquid): whoever, whatever. Ex /ē (prep.): from, out of; according to (takes ablative). Necessitāte is the ablative singular form of necessitās, necessitātis (3f): necessity. Dēsīderātur is the third person singular passive form of dēsīderō, dēsīderāre, dēsīderāvī, dēsīderātum (1): to long for, miss; want, desire; need, require. Sine (prep.): without (takes the ablative). Fastīdiō is the ablative singular form of fastīdium, fastīdiī (2n): squeamishness, disgust. Sūmitur is the third person singular passive form of sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptum (3): to take up; assume, adopt; take (food or medicine).

(How to manage anger: ask it to wait a bit before you act.) Dēsinet is the third person singular future form of dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to cease, stop, end. Sī (conj.): if. Expectat is the third person singular form of expectō, expectāre, expectāvī, expectātum (1—also exspectō): to wait (for), await; expect; look forward to.

(Speaking of the present moment.) Ante (adv.): before, earlier, previously (ante. . . quam = before, earlier than). ; Dēsinit is the third person singular form of dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to cease, stop, end. Esse: to be. Quam (rel. adv.): as; than. Venit is the third person singular form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come.

(An advantage of death.) Dēsinam is the first person singular future form of dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to cease, stop, end. Alligārī is the passive infinitive form of alligō, alligāre, alligāvī, alligātum (1): to bind, fetter; oblige. Possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can.

Mulier, mulieris (3f): woman. Tēlam is the accusative singular form of tēla, tēlae (1): web, loom. Dēsinit is the third person singular form of dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to cease, stop, end. Continuō (adv.): at once, immediately.

In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into, or (up)on with motion. Rapidās is the feminine accusative plural form of rapidus/rapida/rapidum (1/2): swift. Amnis, amnis (3m): broad, deep-flowing water; river or stream. Dēspeximus is the first person plural perfect form of dēspiciō, dēspicere, dēspexī, dēspectum (3, –iō): to look down; look down on, despise, disdain. Undās is the accusative plural form of unda, undae (1f): wave; water; stream, tide.

(The likely perspective of the soul if it survives death.) Hūmāna is the neuter accusative plural form of hūmānus/hūmāna/hūmānum (1/2): human. Omnia is the neuter accusative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): every; all. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from (takes the ablative). Locō is the ablative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place. Superiōre is the m/f/n ablative singular form of superior/superior/superius (3): higher; superior—the comparative form of superus/supera/superum (1/2): upper, of above, situated above. Dēspicit is the third person singular form of dēspiciō, dēspicere, dēspexī, dēspectum (3, –iō): to look down; look down on, despise, disdain.

Tōtum is the m/n accusative singular form of tōtus/tōta/tōtum (1/2, irreg.): whole, entire. Fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune. Rēgnum is the accusative singular form of rēgnum, rēgnī (2n): kingship; kingdom. Dēspiciam is the first person singular future form of dēspiciō, dēspicere, dēspexī, dēspectum (3, –iō): to look down; look down on, despise, disdain.

Perīculōsior/perīculōsior/ perīculōsius (3): more dangerous—the comparative form of perīculōsus/perīculōsa/perīculōsum (1/2): dangerous. Est: it is. Timērī is the passive infinitive form of timeō, timēre, timuī, — (2): to fear, be afraid. Quam (rel. adv.): than. Dēspicī is the passive infinitive form of dēspiciō, dēspicere, dēspexī, dēspectum (3, –iō): to look down; look down on, despise, disdain.

Dēerat is the third person singular imperfect form of dēsum, dēesse, dēfuī, dēfutūrus (irreg.): to be lacking, be missing; fail (in one’s duty or support to), let down (takes the dative). Illīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Iūstitia, iūstitiae (1f): justice, fairness.

Cui is the m/f/n dative singular form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Enim (particle): for, indeed. Tandem (adv.): at last, finally, eventually, in the end; (conveying annoyance, impatience, or the like, in a question) pray. Vitiō is the dative singular form of vitium, vitiī (2n): vice, fault. Advocātus, advocātī (2m): advocate, defender. Dēfuit is the third person singular perfect form of dēsum, dēesse, dēfuī, dēfutūrus (irreg.): to be lacking, be missing; fail (in one’s duty or support to), let down (takes the dative).

Tamen (adv.): nonetheless, yet, still. Nūllā is the feminine ablative singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, none, not any. Rē is the ablative singular form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair. Salūtī is the dative singular form of salūs, salūtis (3f): health; safety, preservation. Tuae is the feminine dative singular form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Dēsum, dēesse, dēfuī, dēfutūrus (irreg.): to be lacking, be missing; fail (in one's duty or support to), let down.

Ego: I. Tuīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours (used substantively in the masculine plural it means your family or your men, your followers, etc. , depending on context). Neque /nec (conj.): and not, neither, nor (nec. . . nec = neither. . . nor). Dēsum, dēesse, dēfuī, dēfutūrus (irreg.): to be lacking, be missing; fail (in one's duty or support to), let down. Neque /nec (conj.): and not, neither, nor. Neque /nec (conj.): and not, neither, nor. Dēerō is the first person singular future form of dēsum, dēesse, dēfuī, dēfutūrus (irreg.): to be lacking, be missing; fail.

Haec is the neuter accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Aliīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another. Dīc is the singular imperative form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to.

Assuēscēs is the second person singular future form of assuēscō, assuēscere, assuēvī, assuētum (3—also adsuēscō): to get used to, be accustomed to. Et (conj.): and (et. . . et = both. . . and). Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to. Vērum is the m/n accusative singular form of vērus/vēra/vērum (1/2): true, real (neuter used substantively to mean the truth). Et (conj.): and. Audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen.

Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of, about, concerning (takes the ablative). Perīculō is the ablative singular form of perīculum, perīculī (2n): danger, risk; experiment.

Sapientiam is the accusative singular form of sapientia, sapientiae (1f): wisdom. Bonum is the accusative singular form of bonum, bonī (2n): a good thing; good; benefit; (in pl.) possessions. Esse: to be. Dīcunt is the third person plural form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to.

Dīc is the singular imperative form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I (to me). Ubi (interrog. adv.): where? Dēbeam is the first person singular subjunctive form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, must, should (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to cease, stop, end.

Quīdam is the masculine nominative plural form of quīdam/quaedam/quiddam (pron.): someone, something; a certain person or thing. Summum is the m/n accusative singular form of summus/summa/summum (1/2): highest. Bonum is the accusative singular form of bonum, bonī (2n): a good thing, a good. Dīxērunt is the third person plural perfect form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to. Voluptātem is the accusative singular form of voluptās, voluptātis (3f): pleasure.

(He’s giving examples of the stupid insults that people get angry about.) Illum is the masculine accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Aliquis /aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, something; anyone, anything. Vervēcem is the accusative singular form of vervēx, vervēcis (3m): a castrated male sheep or goat (“wether”). Marīnum is the m/n accusative singular form of marīnus/marīna/marīnum (1/2): of or belonging to the sea, marine. Dīxerat is the third person singular pluperfect form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to.

Lībertum is the accusative singular form of lībertus, lībertī (2m): freedman, emancipated slave. Ego: I. Habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Sānē (adv.): soundly; indeed, truly, really; certainly, by all means. Nēquam (indeclinable adjective): worthless, bad, rascally, depraved. Hominem is the accusative singular form of homō, hominis (3m): human, man. Hilarum is the accusative singular form of Hilarus, Hilarī (2m). Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, tell, speak; call; mean, refer to.

Quis /quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Aristīdem is the accusative form of Aristīdēs, Aristīdis (3m): Aristides, an Athenian statesman. Nōn: not. Mortuum is the m/n accusative singular form of mortuus/mortua/mortuum (1/2): dead—originally the perfect active participle (having died) of morior, morī, mortuus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to die. Dīligit is the third person singular form of dīligō, dīligere, dīlēxī, dīlēctum (3): to prize, love.

Dīligēs is the second person singular future form of dīligō, dīligere, dīlēxī, dīlēctum (3): to prize, love. Proximum is the m/n accusative singular form of proximus/proxima/proximum (1/2): nearest, closest, next; masculine used substantively: nearest person; next of kin; neighbor—the superlative form of propinquus/propinqua/propinquum (1/2): near, close. Tuum is the m/n accusative singular form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Sīcut (conj.) as, just as, like. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Ipsum is the m/n accusative singular form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/oneself/yourself/etc. ; in person; the very.

Hanc is the feminine accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Et (adv.): also, too; even. Prō (prep.): in front of, before; for, on behalf of (takes the ablative). Mē is the ablative form of ego: I (me). Dīlige is the singular imperative form of dīligō, dīligere, dīlēxī, dīlēctum (3): to prize, love.

(They imitate good examples to learn penmanship. The mind should be taught the same way.) Puerī is the nominative plural form of puer, puerī (2m): boy; child. Ad (prep.): to, toward; according to (takes the accusative). Praescrīptum is the accusative singular form of praescrīptum, praescrīptī (2n): precept; letters traced for children to follow when learning to write—originally the neuter form of praescrīptus/praescrīpta/praescrīptum (1/2), the perfect passive participle of praescrībō, praescrībere, praescrīpsī, praescrīptum (3): to write at the head of a document; trace the outline of; prescribe. Discunt is the third person plural form of discō, discere, didicī, discitūrus (3): to learn.

Quoūsque (interrog. adv.): until when? for how long? Discēs is the second person singular future form of discō, discere, didicī, discitūrus (3): to learn. Iam (adv.): already; now; soon. Et (adv.): also, too, as well; even. Praecipe is the singular imperative form of praecipiō, praecipere, praecēpī, praeceptum (3, –iō): to teach; advise; enjoin.

(He’s imagining a question from someone else; the answer is: for yourself.) Cui is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? (for whom?) Ergō (particle): therefore, then. Ista is the neuter accusative plural form of iste/ista/istud (pron.): that, this; he, she, it. Discō, discere, didicī, discitūrus (3): to learn.

Amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love. Discat is the third person singular subjunctive form of discō, discere, didicī, discitūrus (3): to learn (a jussive subjunctive).

Amōre is the ablative singular form of amor, amōris (3m): love. Didicimus is the first person plural form of discō, discere, didicī, discitūrus (3): to learn. Vincī is the passive infinitive form of vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum (4): to conquer, overcome, overmatch; win, be victorious. Ferōs is the masculine accusative plural form of ferus/fera/ferum (1/2—used substantively): wild; uncivilized; fierce.

Discant is the third person plural subjunctive form of discō, discere, didicī, discitūrus (3): to learn (a jussive subjunctive). Quis/quis/ quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Malus/mala/ malum (1/2): bad; evil. Bonus/bona/ bonum (1/2): good. Sit: is—the third person singular subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).

(Being stingy.) Fīcōs (or fīcūs) is the accusative plural form of fīcus, fīcūs (2/4f): fig tree; fig. Dīvidō, dīvidere, dīvīsī, dīvīsum (3): to divide, separate; distribute; share.

Dīvīsit is the third person singular perfect form of dīvidō, dīvidere, dīvīsī, dīvīsum (3): to divide, separate; distribute; share. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Iūs is the accusative singular form of iūs, iūris (3n): law. Et (conj.): and. Aequitātem is the accusative singular form of aequitās, aequitātis (3f): fairness, equity; equanimity.

Hesternum is the m/n accusative singular form of hesternus/hesterna/hesternum (1/2): of yesterday. Diem is the accusative singular form of diēs, diēī (5 m/f): day. Dīvidō, dīvidere, dīvīsī, dīvīsum (3): to divide, separate; distribute; share. Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Malā is the feminine ablative singular form of malus/mala/malum (1/2): bad; evil. Valētūdine is the ablative singular form of valētūdō, valētūdinis (3f): health.

(The rest is just as bad.) Gustum is the accusative singular form of gustus, gustūs (4m): taste. Tibi: to you—the dative form of tū: you. Dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give. Volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish.

(He’s talking about fortune.) Virtūtem is the accusative singular form of virtūs, virtūtis (3f): virtue; courage. Autem (particle): but, however, on the other hand; and, moreover. Nōn: not. Dat is the third person singular form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give. Ideō (adv.): therefore. Neque/ nec (adv.): neither, nor, not either; not even. Dētrahit is the third person singular form of dētrahō, dētrahere, dētrāxī, dētractum (3): to remove, strip, take away.

(Speaking of nature.) Vidē is the imperative singular form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. Quem is the masculine accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. pron.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Nōbīs is the dative form of nōs: we (to us). Locum is the accusative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place. Dederit is the third person singular perfect subjunctive form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).

(He’s talking about the winter holidays.) Iūs, iūris (3n): law, right; license, permission. Luxuriae is the dative singular form of luxuria, luxuriae (1f): luxury, extravagance, excess; indulgence, licentiousness; unruly behavior. Pūblicae is the feminine dative singular form of pūblicus/pūblica/pūblicum (1/2): public, belonging to the state or community. Datum est is the third person neuter singular perfect passive form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give.

(The question is, do such men teach virtue or not?) Sī (conj.): if. Docent is the third person plural form of doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach; tell, inform. Philosophī is the nominative plural form of philosophus, philosophī (2m): philosopher. Sunt: they are.

Docēbit is the third person singular future form of doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach; tell, inform. Quae is the neuter accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Invēnerit is the third person singular future perfect form of inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum (4): to find; invent; discover.

Quaeris is the second person singular form of quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī/quaesiī, quaesītum (3): to ask; seek. Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Doceam is the first person singular subjunctive form of doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach; tell, inform (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).

(Speaking of Virgil.) Neque/ nec (conj.): and not, neither, nor. Agricolās is the accusative plural form of agricola, agricolae (1m): farmer. Doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach; tell, inform. Voluit is the third person singular perfect form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish. Sed (conj.): but. Legentēs is the m/f accusative plural form of legēns, legentis (3), the present active participle (reading—used substantively to mean “the reading”—i.e., readers) of legō, legere, lēgī, lectum (3): to read. Dēlectō, dēlectāre, dēlectāvī, dēlectātum (1): to delight, please.

Plūra is the neuter accusative plural form of plūrēs/plūrēs/plūra (3): more numerous, more (in number); many. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach; tell, inform. Nōn: not. Cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think; plan, intend.

Facilia is the neuter accusative plural form of facilis/facilis/facile (3): that can (easily) be done or made; easy; yielding. Inquit is the third person singular form of inquam (irreg. and defective): to say (inquit = he/she/it says or said). Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Docē is the singular imperative form of doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach: tell, inform.

Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Docet is the third person singular form of doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach; tell, inform. Philosophia, philosophiae (1f): philosophy. Nōn: not. Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, speak.

Iūnōnem is the accusative form of Iūnō, Iūnōnis (3f): Juno. Docē is the singular imperative form of doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach; tell, inform. Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Odia is the nominative plural form of odium, odiī (2n): hatred, grudge. Valeant is the third person plural subjunctive form of valeō, valēre, valuī, valitum (2): to be in good health, be well; be strong; be worth; be of effect; be strong enough to, have the power to, be capable of (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).

Orpheum is the accusative singular form of Orpheus, Orpheī (2m): Orpheus. Poētam is the accusative singular form of poēta, poētae (1m): poet. Docet is the third person singular form of doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach; tell, inform. Aristotelēs, Aristotelis (3m): Aristotle. Numquam (adv.): never. Fuisse: to have been, to have existed—the perfect infinitive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be; exist.

Nēmō, nēminis (3m/f): no one. Nisi (conj.): if not, unless; except. Suā: his (own)—the feminine ablative singular form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Culpā is the ablative singular form of culpa, culpae (1f): fault, blame. Diū (adv.): long, for a long time. Dolet is the third person singular form of doleō, dolēre, doluī, dolitum (2): to suffer, feel pain; grieve (for) (with accusative or ablative).