Chapter 16: The Future Perfect Tense

Fidelem si putāveris, faciēs. — Seneca, Epistles 3.3
Translation

Regard him as loyal, and you will make him loyal.

More literally: If you (sg.) will have supposed (him) loyal, you will make (him so).

Details

Fidēlem is the m/f accusative singular form of fidēlis/fidēlis/fidēle (3): faithful, loyal, trustworthy. (conj.): if. Putāveris (or putāris) is the second person singular future perfect form of putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum (1): to think, regard, suppose. Faciēs is the second person singular future form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make.


Non probābunt, nisi agnōverint. — Seneca, Epistles 29.11
Translation

They will not approve of you unless they recognize you.

More literally: They will not approve (of you) unless they will have recognized (you).

Details

(People only approve of you if they see you as one of them; that’s why politics is corrupting.) Nōn: not. Probābunt is the third person plural future form of probō, probāre, probāvī, probātum (1): to prove; approve; test. Nisi (conj.): if not, unless; except. Agnōverint (or agnōrint) is the third person plural future perfect form of agnōscō, agnōscere, agnōvī, agnitum (3): to recognize; acknowledge as one’s own.


Si vēnerit, vincēmus. — Seneca the Elder, Suasoriae 5.4
Translation

If he does come, we shall conquer.

More literally: If he will have come, we will conquer.

Details

(conj.): if. Vēnerit is the third person singular future perfect form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come. Vincēmus is the first person plural future form of vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum (3): to conquer; surpass; win, be victorious.


Respīrārō si te vīderō. — Cicero, Letters to Atticus 2.24. 5
Translation

I shall breathe again once I see you.

More literally: I will have recovered my breath if I will have seen you.

Details

Respīrārō (or respīrāverō) is the first person singular future perfect form of respīrō, respīrāre, respīrāvī, respīrātum (1): to breathe; recover breath. (conj.): if. is the accusative form of tū: you. Vīderō is the first person singular future perfect form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see.


Fuerit toto in consulatu sine provincia. — Cicero, On the Consular Provinces 37.1
Translation

Throughout his consulship he will have been without a province.

Details

Fuerit is the third person singular future perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. # he will have been% Tōtō is the m/n ablative singular form of tōtus/tōta/tōtum (1/2, irreg.): whole, entire. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Cōnsulātū is the ablative singular form of cōnsulātus, cōnsulātūs (4m): consulship. Sine (prep.): without (takes the ablative). Prōvinciā is the ablative singular form of prōvincia, prōvinciae (1f): province.


Docēbit quae invēnerit. — Seneca, Epistles 109.3
Translation

He can impart what he has discovered.

More literally: He will teach the things that he will have found.

Details

Docēbit is the third person singular future form of doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach. Quae is the neuter accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Invēnerit the third person singular future perfect form of inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum (4): to find; discover.


Cum eo si locūta eris, intellegēs quid fieri velim. — Cicero, Letters to Friends 14.10.1
Translation

When you have had a talk with him, you will understand my wishes.

More literally: If you (f. sg.) will have spoken with him, you will understand what I want to happen.

Details

(To his wife—or ex-wife—near the time of their divorce.) Cum (prep.): with. is the m/n ablative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. (conj.): if. Locūta eris is the third person feminine singular future perfect form of loquor, loquī, locūtus sum (3, deponent): to speak, talk. Intellegēs is the second person singular future form of intellegō, intellegere, intellēxī, intellēctum (3): to understand; realize. Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Fīō, fierī, —, — (irreg.): to become; be made; be done; happen. Velim is the first person singular subjunctive form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).


Quid sit, sciēmus cum vēneris. — Cicero, Letters to Atticus 2.3.1
Translation

We shall know the truth when you return.

More literally: What it is, we will know when you (sg.) will have come.

Details

Quis/quis/ quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Sit is the third person singular subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Sciēmus is the first person plural future form of sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know. # we will know% Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Vēneris is the second person singular future perfect form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come.


Si semel i ntrāverint, in locum suum alias substituent. — Seneca, Epistles 72.11
Translation

If they once gain an entrance, they will bring in still others to take their places.

More literally: If they will have entered once, they will substitute in others in their own place.

Details

(Things that waste our time.) (conj.): if. Semel (adv.): once, a single time. Intrāverint (or intrārint) is the third person plural future perfect form of intrō, intrāre, intrāvī, intrātum (1): to enter, go into. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Locum is the accusative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place. Suum is the m/n accusative singular form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Aliās is the feminine accusative plural form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): another, other; different. Substituent is the third person plural future form of substituō, substituere, substituī, substitūtum (3): to substitute, place instead of.


Qui damnātus eritinquitvirgis ad necem caedētur.” — Cicero, Against Verres 2.3.69
Translation

He said, “Anyone found guilty will be flogged to death.”

More literally: He said, “He who will have been convicted will be beaten to death with sticks.”

Details

Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Damnātus erit is the third person masculine singular future perfect passive form of damnō, damnāre, damnāvī, damnātum (1): to condemn, convict. Inquit is the third person singular form of inquam (irreg. and defective): to say (inquit = he/she/it says or said). Virgīs is the ablative plural form of virga, virgae (1f): twig; a switch for flogging, rod, stick. Ad (prep.): to, toward; according to (takes the accusative). Necem is the accusative singular form of nex, necis (3f): murder, killing, violent death. Caedētur is the third person singular future passive form of caedō, caedere, cecīdī, caesum (3): to cut; strike, beat; kill.


Si autem dērelīqueritis eum, dērelinquet vos. — 2 Chron. 15:2
Translation

But if you forsake him, he will forsake you.

More literally: But if you (pl.) will have forsaken him, he will forsake you.

Details

(conj.): if. Autem (particle): but, however; and, moreover. Dērelīqueritis is the second person plural future perfect form of dērelinquō, dērelinquere, dērelīquī, dērelictum (3): to forsake, abandon, desert. Eum is the masculine accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Dērelinquet is the third person singular future form of dērelinquō, dērelinquere, dērelīquī, dērelictum (3): to forsake, abandon, desert. Vōs is the accusative form of vōs: you (pl.).


Quodcumque dīxerit vobis, facite. — John 2:5
Translation

Whatever he says to you, do.

More literally: Whatever he will have said to you, do (pl.).

Details

Quodcumque is the neuter accusative singular form of quīcumque/quaecumque/quodcumque (rel. pron.): whoever, whatever. Dīxerit is the third person singular future perfect form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Vōbīs is the dative form of vōs: you (pl.). Facite is the plural imperative form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make.


Quantuminquisprōficiam?” Quantum temptāveris. — Seneca, Epistles 76.5
Translation

“How much progress will I make?” you ask. Just as much as you try to make.

More literally: “How much will I progress?” you ask. As much as you will have tried.

Details

Quantum (interrog. adv.): how much? Inquis is the second person singular form of inquam (irreg. and defective): to say. Prōficiam is the first person singular future form of prōficiō, prōficere, prōfēcī, prōfectum (3, –iō): to advance, make progress. Quantum (rel. adv.): as much as. Temptāveris (or temptāris) is the second person singular future perfect form of temptō, temptāre, temptāvī, temptātum (3): to try, attempt.


Quo cum vēnerimus, tum denique vīvēmus. — Cicero, Tusculan Disputations 1.75
Translation

When we have come yonder, then and not before will we live.

More literally: Whither when we will have come, then finally shall we live.

Details

(That is, when we have arrived at emancipation from our bodies.) Quō (rel. adv.): whither, where (to), to which place. Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Vēnerimus is the first person plural future perfect form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come. Tum (adv.): then, at that time. Dēnique (adv.): finally, at last; in short, to sum up; besides. Vīvēmus is the first person plural future form of vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live.


Ego omnibus meis exitio fuerō. — Cicero, Letters to Quintus 1.4.4
Translation

I will have been the ruin of all my family.

More literally: I will have been the means of ruin to all mine.

Details

(Even more literally: I will have been for ruin to all mine—a double-dative construction; see Chapter 27 of The Latin Tamer.) Ego: I. Omnibus is the m/f/n dative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): every; all. Meīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine. Exitiō is the dative singular form of exitium, exitiī (2n): ruin; destruction. Fuerō is the first person singular future perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.


Satis praestiterit ratio. — Seneca, Consolation to Polybius 18.6
Translation

Reason will have accomplished enough.

Details

(. . . if it gets rid of redundant grief; we shouldn’t want or expect to get rid of all of it.) Satis (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. sg. only—here acc.): enough. Praestiterit is the third person singular future perfect form of praestō, praestāre, praestitī, praestātum (1): to stand in front; stand out, be excellent; be responsible for; fulfill, discharge; make available, give, provide, supply. Ratiō, ratiōnis (3f): reason; method; calculation.


Magnam partem dētrāxeris gloriae. — Seneca, Epistles 13.14
Translation

You deprive him of the greatest share of his glory.

Alt. : You take away the greater part of his glory.

More literally: You (sg.) will have taken away a great part. . .

Details

(. . . if you take away the sword Cato used to kill himself.) Magnam is the feminine accusative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large; important. Partem is the accusative singular form of pars, partis (3f): part. Dētrāxeris is the second person singular future perfect form of dētrahō, dētrahere, dētrāxī, dētractum (3): to remove, strip off. Glōria, glōriae (1f): glory.


Scalae ita uti datae erunt, ita reddito. — Cato the Elder, On Agriculture 144.2
Translation

Ladders are to be returned in as good condition as when they were issued.

More literally: Just as ladders will have been given, so return (them).

Details

Scālae is the nominative plural form of scāla, scālae (1f; often plural even when the sense is singular): ladder. Ita (adv.): so, thus. Utī is an alternate form of ut (rel. adv.): as (ita ut(ī). . . ita = just as. . . so). Datae erunt is the third person feminine plural future perfect passive form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give. Ita (adv.): so, thus. Redditō is the singular future imperative form of reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditum (3): to give back, return.


Duplam dabo, si manus non praecīderitis. — Seneca the Elder, Controversies 1.7.18
Translation

I will give double if you (pl.) don’t cut off his hands.

Details

Duplam is the feminine accusative singular form of duplus/dupla/duplum (1/2): double (referring to money: pecūnia, pecūniae (1f)). Dabō is the first person singular future form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give. (conj.): if. Manūs is the accusative plural form of manus, manūs (4f): hand. Nōn: not. Praecīderitis is the second person plural future perfect form of praecīdō, praecīdere, praecīdī, praecīsum (3): to cut off.


Quicquid voluptas suāserit faciet. — Seneca, On the Happy Life 11.1
Translation

He will do whatever pleasure advises.

More literally: He will do whatever pleasure will have advised.

Details

(He’s quoting a critic.) Quicquid (or quidquid) is the neuter accusative singular form of quisquis/quidquid (rel. pron.): whoever, whatever. Voluptās, voluptātis (3f): pleasure. Suāserit is the third person singular future perfect form of suādeō, suādēre, suāsī, suāsum (2): to advise, recommend; persuade. Faciet is the third person singular future form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make.

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