She had killed my father.
Ille/ illa /illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she it. Patrem is the accusative singular form of pater, patris (3m): father. Meum is the m/n accusative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine. is the third person singular pluperfect form of occīdō, occīdere, occīdī, occīsum (3): to kill.
Of your greatest source of comfort I have thus far said nothing.
More literally: So far I had made no mention of your greatest comfort.
Maximum is the m/n accusative singular form of maximus/maxima/maximum (1/2): greatest, largest—the superlative form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large. Adhūc (adv.): still, yet; so far. Sōlācium is the accusative singular form of sōlācium, sōlāciī (2n): comfort, solace, consolation. Tuum is the m/n accusative singular form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. is the first person singular pluperfect form of taceō, tacēre, tacuī, tacitum (2): to be silent; pass over, make no mention of.
We had departed from the procedure of our parents.
is the first person plural pluperfect form of dēscīscō, dēscīscere, dēscīvī/dēsciī, dēscītum (3): to defect, revolt, turn away (from). Ab/ ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Cōnsuētūdine is the ablative singular form of cōnsuētūdō, cōnsuētūdinis (3f): habit, custom, experience, familiarity. Parentum is the genitive plural form of parēns, parentis (3m/f): parent.
The journey had been made in much dust and under a sun that was growing hot.
More literally: The journey had been made with much dust and with the sun growing hot.
Iter, itineris (3n): journey; way. Multō is the m/n ablative singular form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Pulvere is the ablative singular form of pulvis, pulveris (3m): dust. Et (conj.): and. Incalēscente is the m/f/n ablative singular form of incalēscēns, incalēscentis (3), the present active participle of incalēscō, incalēscere, incaluī, — (3): to grow hot, become heated; become excited. Sōle is the ablative singular form of sōl, sōlis (3m): sun. is the third person neuter singular pluperfect passive form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make.
They proved to be what they had always been.
More literally: They were the same who they had been.
Īdem is the masculine nominative plural form of īdem/eadem/idem (pron. or adj.): the same. Erant is the third person plural imperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg): to be. Quī is the masculine nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. is the third person plural pluperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg): to be.
I have thus answered your demand.
More literally: I have paid in full what you (sg.) had demanded.
Persolvō, persolvere, persolvī, persolūtum (3): to pay in full, pay off; fulfill. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. is the second person singular pluperfect form of exigō, exigere, exēgī, exāctum (3): to demand, require, exact.
Is the old man your father in health, of whom you told me?
More literally: . . . of whom you (pl.) had spoken to me?
Salvusne: salvus /salva/salvum (1/2): safe; well, in good health; the enclitic particle –ne makes the word part of a question. Est: is. Pater, patris (3m): father. Vester /vestra/vestrum (1/2): your, yours (pl.). Senex, senis (3, adj. or noun): old; old man. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Quō is the m/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. is the second person plural pluperfect form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, speak, tell. Mihi: (to) me—the dative form of ego: I.
And the people were no more merciful toward those who had been sent to Rome.
Neque/ nec (conj. and adv.): and not, nor; neither, not either, not even. Populus, populī (2m): people. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into, onto (or in or on with motion); toward. Eōs is the masculine accusative plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Quī is the masculine nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. is the third person masculine plural pluperfect passive form of mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum (3): to send. Rōmam is the accusative singular form of Rōma, Rōmae (1f): Rome (the accusative of end of motion, common without preposition in names of cities and towns). . Mītior /mītior/mītius (3): kinder, more indulgent, more merciful—the comparative form of mītis/mītis/mīte (3): mellow; mild; kind, indulgent, merciful. Fuit is the third person singular perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (singular because populus is a singular noun).
In this way the king’s men were arrayed.
More literally: The royal (men) had taken up position thus.
Sīc (adv.): thus, so, in such manner. Rēgiī is the masculine nominative plural form of rēgius/rēgia/rēgium (1/2): royal, of or belonging to a king (used substantively— the king’s men). is the third person plural pluperfect form of cōnsistō, cōnsistere, cōnstitī, — (3): to stop, come to a halt; take up position, stand.
The infamy of the time had reached our ears.
is the third person singular pluperfect form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; reach. Nostrās is the feminine accusative plural form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): ours, ours. Īnfāmia, īnfāmiae (1f): infamy, dishonor, bad reputation. Tempus, temporis (3n): time. Aurēs is the accusative plural form of auris, auris (3f): ear.
Had you never, boy or young man, been among the cooks?
Numquam (adv.): never. Puer, puerī (2m): boy; child. Aut (conj.): or. Adulēscēns, adulēscentis (3m/f): youth; young man or (more rarely) young woman. Inter (prep.): between; among (takes the accusative). Cocōs is the accusative plural form of cocus, cocī (2m—also coquus): cook. is the second person singular pluperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.
We understood what bodily health was.
More literally: We knew (or had come to know) the health of the body.
is the first person plural pluperfect form of nōscō, nōscere, nōvī, nōtum (3): to come to know, get to know, acquire knowledge of; recognize (perfect-tense forms have the present sense of know, and pluperfect-tense forms have the imperfect sense of knew). Corpus, corporis (3n): body. Sānitātem is the accusative singular form of sānitās, sānitātis (3f): health; sanity.
Even the elephants had been driven all the way to the wall.
Elephantī is the nominative plural form of elephantus, elephantī (2m): elephant. Etiam (particle): still; also; even. Ūsque (adv.): all the way, right up (to). Ad (prep.): to, toward; at; for; according to (takes the accusative). Vallum is the accusative singular form of vallum, vallī (2n): earthen wall, rampart. is the third person masculine plural pluperfect passive form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, deal with, engage in; act.
He knew his own strength.
Vīrēs is the accusative plural form of vīs, vīs (3f): power, force; violence; strength (the plural often corresponds to the English singular strength). Suās: his (own)—the feminine accusative plural form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). is the third person singular pluperfect form of nōscō, nōscere, nōvī, nōtum (3): to come to know, get to know, acquire knowledge of; recognize; (in perfect-stem forms, translated like present-stem forms of other verbs) know.
The Bruttii had taken it from the Greeks.
Bruttiī, Bruttiōrum (2m): the Bruttii (southern Italian tribe). is the third person plural pluperfect form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture. Dē (prep.): from, down from; of; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Graecīs is the m/f/n (here m) ablative plural form of Graecus/Graeca/Graecum (1/2): Greek.
Behold the man of whom I spoke to you!
Alt. : Here is the man I told you about.
More literally: . . . of whom I had spoken to you.
Ecce (interjection): behold, see, here is. Vir, virī (2m): man. Quem is the masculine accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. is the first person singular pluperfect form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, speak, tell (of/about). Tibi is the dative form of tū: you.
Sora was already taken.
Alt. : Sora already had been captured.
Iam (adv.): already; now; soon. Sōra, Sōrae (1f): Sora (town in central Italy). is the third person feminine singular pluperfect passive form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture.
The two legions had not yet come up.
(From a letter received by Cicero.) Nōndum (adv.): not yet. is the third person plural pluperfect form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come. Legiōnēs is the nominative plural form of legiō, legiōnis (3f): legion. Duo/ duae /duo (irreg.): two.
“There was a rumor that you died,” he said.
More literally: He said, “There had been a rumor you to have died.”
Rūmor, rūmōris (3m): rumor. Inquit is the third person singular form of inquam (irreg. and defective): to say (inquit = he/she/it says or said). is the third person singular pluperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Dēcessisse is the perfect infinitive form of dēcēdō, dēcēdere, dēcessī, dēcessum (3): to depart, withdraw; die.
In that you had succeeded.
More literally: Which you (sg.) had achieved.
Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. is the second person singular pluperfect form of efficiō, efficere, effēcī, effectum (3, –iō): to make; produce; cause, bring about; achieve, accomplish.
He had accompanied the proconsul Occius Flamma to his province, Crete.
is the third person masculine singular pluperfect form of sequor, sequī, secūtus sum (3, deponent): to follow. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Prōvinciam is the accusative singular form of prōvincia, prōvinciae (1f): province. Crētam is the accusative singular form of Crēta, Crētae (1f): Crete. Occium is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of the family name Occius/Occia/Occium (1/2). Flammam is the accusative singular form of the cognomen Flamma, Flammae (1m). Prōcōnsulem is the accusative singular form of prōcōnsul, prōcōnsulis (3m): proconsul (governor of a province).
If we had not passed the decree, it was his duty to await our discussion.
More literally: If we had not decided, our discussion ought to have been awaited (still more literal and awkward: was duty-bound to be awaited).
Sī (conj.): if. Nōn: not. is the first person plural pluperfect form of dēcernō, dēcernere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētum (3): to determine, decide, decree. Cōnsilium, cōnsiliī (2n): counsel; discussion, deliberation; council, meeting; plan, intention; advice. Noster/nostra/ nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Expectārī is the passive infinitive form of expectō, expectāre, expectāvī, expectātum (1): to wait (for), await; expect. Dēbuit is the third person singular perfect form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, should, must, have to, be duty-bound, be supposed to.