Note: Some blanks will need to be filled with verbs that aren’t perfect subjunctive (but at least one blank per exercise requires a perfect subjunctive verb).
No denying that.
More literally: I would not deny (it).
Nōn: not. is the first person singular perfect subjunctive form of negō, negāre, negāvī, negātum (1): to deny; refuse (subjunctive because it’s describing potential action).
No mention should be made of what we have bestowed.
More literally: It is not to be said what we have bestowed.
Nōn: not. Est: it is. Dīcendus/dīcenda/ dīcendum (1/2) is the gerundive of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Dīcendum est is the passive periphrastic: it is to be said, it must be said, one should say (see Chapter 41 of The Latin Tamer). Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? is the first person plural perfect subjunctive form of tribuō, tribuere, tribuī, tribūtum (3): to grant, bestow; ascribe, attribute (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).
The defendant has to give a reason why he killed him.
Ratiōnem is the accusative singular form of ratiō, ratiōnis (3f): calculation, account; reasoning; reason; explanation; method; the way a thing works. Reddō, reddere, reddidī, redditum (3): to give back, return; render; hand over, deliver; yield, produce; recount, explain, give (an account, reason, explanation, etc.). is the third person singular form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, should, must, have to. Reus, reī (2m): defendant. Quārē (interrog. adv.): why? is the third person singular perfect subjunctive form of occīdō, occīdere, occīdī, occīsum (3): to kill (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).
You can never expect any strength from them.
More literally: Expect (sg.) nothing strong from them.
(That is, from people too worried about fashion.) Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Ab /ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Illīs is the m/f/n (here m) ablative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. is the second person singular perfect subjunctive form of spērō, spērāre, spērāvī, spērātum (1): to hope (for); expect (perfect subjunctive because it’s in a second-person negative command). Forte is the neuter accusative singular form of fortis/fortis/forte (3): brave; strong.
He is almost in despair should Pompey become Dictator.
More literally: If that one were to have been made dictator, he almost despairs.
Sī (conj.): if. Ille /illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Dictātor, dictātōris (3m): dictator. is the third person masculine singular perfect passive subjunctive form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make (subjunctive because it describes potential action or because the clause is a kind of indirect speech—stating what’s in the mind of the one who almost despairs). Paene (adv.): almost. is the third person singular form of diffīdō, diffīdere, diffīsus sum (3, semi-deponent): to be diffident; despair.
I don’t know whether I stood or sat, what I said, what I heard. (The statement is spoken by a male.)
is the first person singular perfect subjunctive form of stō, stāre, stetī, statum (1): to stand (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). An (interrog. particle): whether (starting an indirect question); or (in a question); it can also start a direct question. is the first person singular perfect subjunctive form of sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessum (2): to sit (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? is the first person masculine singular perfect subjunctive form of loquor, loquī, locūtus sum (3, deponent): to speak (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). is the first person singular perfect subjunctive form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear, listen (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Nesciō, nescīre, nescīvī/nesciī, nescītum (4): to not know.
They swear that they themselves do not know why they left home or where they have been.
(How busy people feel at the end of a pointless day.) is the third person plural form of iūrō, iūrāre, iūrāvī, iūrātum (1): to swear or vow. Nesciō, nescīre, nescīvī/nesciī, nescītum (4): to not know. Sē: themselves—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Ipsōs is the masculine accusative plural form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/oneself/myself/etc. Quārē (interrog. adv.): why? is the third person plural perfect subjunctive form of exeō, exīre, exiī/exīvī, exitum (irreg.): to go out (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Ubi (interrog. adv.): where? is the third person plural perfect subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).
It is the law of Fortune to do what you demand of others.
More literally: It is the law of fortune to perform the things that you (sg.) have demanded.
Fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune. Lēx, lēgis (3f): law. Est: it is. Praestō, praestāre, praestitī, praestātum (1): to excel, be superior, be better or best; give, provide, supply; fulfill, perform. Quae is the neuter accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. is the second person singular perfect subjunctive form of exigō, exigere, exēgī, exāctum (3): to demand, require, exact (this verb has a general you as its subject, and it stands in a clause that also otherwise has a potential quality to it: two reasons for the verb to be subjunctive).
You ask what cured me? Age.
More literally: You ask what thing was for a remedy to me? Age. (Mihi remediō is a double-dative construction; see Chapter 27 of The Latin Tamer.)
(He’s talking about debauchery.) Quaeritis is the second person plural form of quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī/quaesiī, quaesītum (3): to search for, look for, seek; seek to know, ask, inquire. Quī/ quae /quod (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; fact; circumstance; property. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I (to/for me). Remediō is the dative singular form of remedium, remediī (2n): remedy. is the third person singular perfect subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Aetās, aetātis (3f): age.
Yet can I have any doubt what you (pl.) were going to do, since I see what you in fact did?
Quamquam (rel. adv.): though, although; yet. Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Factūrī is the masculine nominative plural form of factūrus/factūra/factūrum (1/2), the future active participle (going to do) of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. is the second person plural perfect subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). is the first person singular subjunctive form of dubitō, dubitāre, dubitāvī, dubitātum (1): to doubt; hesitate (subjunctive in a deliberative question). Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. is the first person singular subjunctive form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see (subjunctive because it’s in a causal cum clause). Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? is the second person plural perfect subjunctive form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3): to do; make (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).
See the position in which she has placed us.
More literally: See which place she gave to us.
(He’s talking about Nature.) Vidē is the singular imperative form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. Quem is the masculine accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Nōbīs is the dative form of nōs: we. Locum is the accusative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place, position. is the third person singular perfect subjunctive form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).
Do you (sg.) ask me whom I have conquered?
Alt. : Do you ask who it is that I have conquered?
(Greed, ambition, and the fear of death.) Quem is the masculine accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? is the first person singular perfect subjunctive form of vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum (3): to conquer, overcome, overmatch; win, be victorious (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). is the second person singular form of quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī/quaesiī, quaesītum (3): to search for, look for, seek; seek to know, ask, inquire.
Do not (m. sg.) be moved by pity!
Misericordiā is the ablative singular form of misericordia, misericordiae (1f): pity. is the second person masculine singular perfect passive subjunctive form of commoveō, commovēre, commōvī, commōtum (2): to move, disturb, provoke (perfect subjunctive because it’s in a second-person negative command). Nē (adv.): not (in a wish, command, or purpose). .
Ask (sg.) the fathers which they preferred.
is the singular imperative form of interrogō, interrogāre, interrogāvī, interrogātum (1): to ask; interrogate. Patrēs is the accusative plural form of pater, patris (3m): father. Utrum is the m/n (here n) accusative singular form of uter/utra/utrum (interrog. pron. , 1/2, irreg.): which (of two). is the third person plural perfect subjunctive form of mālō, mālle, māluī, — (irreg.): to prefer (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).
And so do not (sg.) begrudge your brother this; he is at rest.
Nē (adv.): not (in a wishes, command, or purpose). Itaque (adv.): (and) so, therefore. is the second person singular perfect subjunctive form of invideō, invidēre, invīdī, invīsum (2): to envy; begrudge; look maliciously at (takes dative of the person) (perfect subjunctive because it’s a second-person negative command). Frātrī is the dative singular form of frāter, frātris (3m): brother. Tuō is the m/n dative singular form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. is the third person singular form of quiēscō, quiēscere, quiēvī, quiētum (3): to rest, be at rest; keep quiet.
You (pl.) see how much power he had.
Quantam is the feminine accusative singular form of quantus/quanta/quantum (1/2, interrog. adj.): how great? how much? Potestātem is the accusative singular form of potestās, potestātis (3f): power, ability; control; authority. is the third person singular perfect subjunctive form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). is the second person plural form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see.
Look not to what we were, but to what we are now.
Nōn: not. Quī is the masculine nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. pron.): which (one)? what kind of person? in m. pl. : what kind of people? loosely: who? what? is the first person plural perfect subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Sed (conj.): but. Nunc (adv.): now. is the first person plural subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Vidē is the singular imperative form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see.
We do not ever reflect on what we have done.
More literally: What we have done we do not consider.
Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? is the first person plural perfect subjunctive form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Non: not. is the first person plural form of cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think (of/about), reflect (on), consider; plan, intend.
All Lilybaeum saw it, all Sicily heard of it.
More literally: There was no one in Lilybaeum without it being the case that he saw (it), no one in Sicily without it being the case that he heard (of it).
Nēmō, nēminis (3m): no one. Lilybaeī is the locative singular form of Lilybaeum, Lilybaeī (2n): a Sicilian city. Fuit is the third person singular perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Quīn (conj. , with subjunctive): many translations depending on context; here roughly without it being the case that. is the third person singular perfect subjunctive form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Siciliā is the ablative form of Sicilia, Siciliae (1f): Sicily. is the third person singular perfect subjunctive form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear.
Why ask the date of my birth?
More literally: Why do you (sg.) ask me when I was born?
(It doesn’t matter how old I am.) Quid (interrog. adv.): why? Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). is the second person singular form of interrogō, interrogāre, interrogāvī, interrogātum (1): to ask; interrogate. Quandō (interrog. adv.): when? is the first person masculine singular perfect subjunctive form of nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum (3, deponent): to be born; grow, spring forth (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).
More literally: The fact will show how they desired (it).
Rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; fact; circumstance; property. is the third person singular future form of dēclārō, dēclārāre, dēclārāvī, dēclārātum (1): to declare; show, reveal. Ut (interrog. adv.): how? is the third person plural perfect subjunctive form of cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3, –iō): to desire (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). (Some versions of this passage put the first verb in the perfect tense rather than the future.)
You must reveal why you adopted me.
More literally: Reveal you (sg.) why you adopted (me).
Tū: you. is the singular imperative form of indicō, indicāre, indicāvī, indicātum (1): to point out; reveal; betray. Cūr (interrog. adv.): why? is the second person singular perfect subjunctive form of adoptō, adoptāre, adoptāvī, adoptātum (1): to choose, select; adopt (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).
Please tell me for what day the sale of the gardens is advertised.
More literally: I would like (that) you (sg.) write to me for what day the gardens have been advertised.
Hortī is the nominative plural form of hortus, hortī (2m): garden. Quam is the feminine accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into; for. Diem is the accusative singular form of diēs, diēī (5m/f): day. is the third person masculine plural perfect passive form of prōscrībō, prōscrībere, prōscrīpsī, prōscrīptum (3): to publish a written notice; advertise, publish a notice announcing the sale of; to outlaw, publish someone’s name in a list of outlaws (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question) (it can be completed by a subjunctive clause describing what one wants to happen). Velim is the first person singular subjunctive form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish (subjunctive because it’s potential; here really softening the expression—as in I would like vs. I want). Ad (prep.): to, toward; for (takes the accusative). Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). is the second person singular subjunctive form of scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptum (3): to write.