Mucius put his hand on the flames.
(Mucius was said to have put his hand into a fire without flinching to show his mettle to an Etruscan enemy.) Mūcius /Mūcia/Mūcium (1/2): a family name (especially of Gaius Mucius Cordus, a Roman hero). Ignibus is the dative plural form of ignis, ignis (3m): fire. is the accusative singular form of manus, manūs (4f): hand. Imposuit is the third person singular perfect form of impōnō, impōnere, imposuī, impositum (3): to place (an accusative thing) in or on (something often mentioned in the dative case); impose upon, fix, assign.
What is this great sorrow that shakes the walls?
More literally: Why are the walls shaken by such great lamentation?
Quid (adv.): why? Tantō is the m/n ablative singular form of tantus/tanta/tantum (1/2): so great, such great, so much. Turbantur is the third person plural passive form of turbō, turbāre, turbāvī, turbātum (1): to agitate, stir up, disturb, upset. Moenia, moenium (3n, plural only): (defensive) walls. is the ablative singular form of lūctus, lūctūs (4m): grief or the expression of it, mourning, lamentation.
Other emotions show, anger stands out.
More literally: Other emotions are visible, this stands out.
Aliī is the masculine nominative plural form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another. is the nominative plural form of adfectus, adfectūs (4m—also affectus): emotion, feeling. Apparent is the third person plural form of appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; appear; be obvious. Hic /haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Ēminet is the third person singular form of ēmineō, ēminēre, ēminuī, — (2): to stand out, project.
I was carried to Rome in her arms.
More literally: I was carried into the city by her hands.
Illīus is the m/f/n genitive singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. is the ablative plural form of manus, manūs (4f): hand. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Urbem is the accusative singular form of urbs, urbis (3f): city. Perlātus sum is the first person masculine singular perfect passive form of perferō, perferre, pertulī, perlātum (3, irreg.): to carry, convey; maintain, keep up; endure.
I punished bribery, not innocence.
Pūniō, pūnīre, pūnīvī /pūniī, pūnītum (4): to punish. is the accusative singular form of ambitus, ambitūs (4m): bribery. Nōn: not. is the accusative singular form of innocentia, innocentiae (1f): innocence.
The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.
, spīritūs (4m): breath; spirit. Quidem (particle): indeed, certainly, in fact. Prōmptus /prōmpta/prōmptum (1/2): readily available; prompt, ready, willing—originally the perfect passive participle of prōmō, prōmere, prōmpsī, prōmptum (3): to take out, fetch out, bring forth. Est: is. Carō, carnis (3f): flesh. Autem (particle): on the other hand, but, however; and, moreover. Īnfirmus/ īnfirma /īnfirmum (1/2): weak, feeble, infirm.
A good tree cannot bear bad fruit.
More literally: A good tree is not able to make bad fruits.
Nōn: not. Potest is the third person singular form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Arbor, arboris (3f): tree. Bonus/ bona /bonum (1/2): good. Malōs is the masculine accusative plural form of malus/mala/malum (1/2): bad; evil. is the accusative plural form of frūctus, frūctūs (4m): fruit; product; profit; enjoyment. Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make.
Its first blows are fierce.
(Speaking of anger.) Prīmī is the masculine nominative plural form of prīmus/prīma/prīmum (1/2): first. Eius is the m/f/n genitive singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. is the nominative plural form of ictus, ictūs (4m): blow; sting. Ācrēs is the m/f nominative plural form of ācer/ācris/ācre (3): sharp, violent, fierce. Sunt: (they) are.
Drusus stood, beckoning with his hand for silence.
More literally: Drusus stood, demanding silence with (his) hand.
Stābat is the third person singular imperfect form of stō, stāre, stetī, statum (1): to stand. Drūsus, Drūsī (2m): Roman cognomen, here of a famous commander. Silentium is the accusative singular form of silentium, silentiī (2n): silence. is the ablative singular form of manus, manūs (4f): hand. Poscēns, poscentis (3) is the present active participle of poscō, poscere, poposcī, — (3): to ask, demand.
But I am getting away from the senses.
Sed (conj.): but. Abeō, abīre, abiī, abitum (irreg.): to go away, depart. Ab/ ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). is the ablative plural form of sēnsus, sēnsūs (4m): sensation, perception, feeling; sense.
He personally led part of the army, and Marius the rest.
More literally: Of the army, part (he led) himself, the remaining Marius led.
Exercitus, (4m): army. is the accusative singular form of pars, partis (3f): part. Ipse /ipsa/ipsum (pron.): (he) himself, (she) herself, (it) itself; in person. Relicuōs is the masculine accusative plural form of relicuus/relicua/relicuum (1/2—also reliquus): remaining, left over. Marius /Maria/Marium (1/2): family name. Dūcēbat is the third person singular imperfect form of dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum (3): to lead.
The goat turns its horns against itself.
More literally: The goat the horns against itself. (The verb turns is implied.)
(From a fable in which a goat is shot by a bow made from a goat’s horns.) Capra, caprae (1f): female goat. Contrā (prep.): against. Sēsē is a variant of sē, the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun (sēsē was perhaps originally more emphatic, but there is little difference in classical Latin). is the accusative plural form of cornū, cornūs (4n): horn.
They are furthermore afraid of being despised.
More literally: Furthermore, they fear contempt.
(Why people pursue revenge.) Timent is the third person plural form of timeō, timēre, timuī, — (2): to fear, be afraid. Praetereā (adv.): in addition, besides, furthermore, moreover. is the accusative singular form of contemptus, contemptūs (4m): contempt.
If the whole body were the eye, where would be the hearing?
More literally: If the whole body (were) an eye, where the hearing?
Sī (conj.): if. Tōtus/tōta/ tōtum (1/2, irreg.): whole, entire, all. Corpus, corporis (3n): body. Oculus, oculī (2m): eye. Ubi (interrog. adv.): where? , audītūs (4m): listening, sense of hearing; hearsay.
From the fruit of her own hands, she has planted a vineyard.
Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). is the ablative singular form of frūctus, frūctūs (4m): fruit; product; profit; enjoyment. is the genitive plural form of manus, manūs (4f): hand. Suārum is the feminine genitive plural form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Plantāvit is the third person singular perfect form of plantō, plantāre, plantāvī, plantātum (1): to plant. is the accusative singular form of vīnea, vīneae (1f): vineyard.
Thus the condition of the enemy’s army and mine is the same.
More literally: Therefore the situation is the same (or there is the same situation) for my and the enemy’s army.
(From Pompey’s speech to the Senate.) Itaque (adv.): and so, therefore. Meō is the m/n dative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine. Et (conj.): and. Hostium is the genitive plural form of hostis, hostis (3m/f): enemy. is the dative singular form of exercitus, exercitūs (4m): army. Pār, paris (3, adj.): even; equal. Condiciō, condiciōnis (3f): condition, situation. Est: is.
For it is not a slave to the senses, but a ruler over them.
(He’s talking about reason.) Nōn: not. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Servit is the third person singular form of serviō, servīre, servīvī/serviī, servītum (4): to serve; be a slave (takes a dative object). Sed (conj.): but. Imperat is the third person singular form of imperō, imperāre, imperāvī, imperātum (1): to command; rule (over) (takes a dative object). is the dative plural form of sēnsus, sēnsūs (4m): sensation, perception, feeling; any of the physical senses.