Chapter 25: The Fifth Declension

Mille rēs inciderunt. — Seneca, Epistles 58.1
Translation

A thousand things came up.

Details

Mīlle (indecl.): thousand. Rēs is the nominative plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair. Incidērunt is the third person plural perfect form of incidō, incidere, incidī, incāsum (3): to fall into or upon; happen, befall.


Fidem praesta. — Seneca, Epistles 48.11
Translation

Keep your promise!

Details

Fidem is the accusative singular form of fidēs, fideī (5f): faith; reliance; loyalty; promise. #(your) promise% Praestā is the singular imperative form of praestō, praestāre, praestitī, praestātum (1): to stand out, be excellent; fulfill, discharge; give, provide, supply.


In aciē vicit, domi captus est. — Seneca the Elder, Controversies 1.4.3
Translation

He conquered in battle, and was taken at home.

Details

In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Aciē is the ablative singular form of aciēs, aciēī (5f): sharp edge; line of battle; battle. Vīcit is the third person singular perfect form of vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum (3): to conquer; surpass; win, be victorious. Domī is the locative singular form of domus, domūs (2/4f): house, home. Captus est is the third person masculine singular perfect passive form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to capture; take; receive.


Quanta rērum moles! — Livy, History of Rome 7.29.2
Translation

How vast a series of events!

Details

Quantus/ quanta /quantum (1/2, interrog. adj.): how great? how much? Rērum is the genitive plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; event. Mōlēs, mōlis (3f): mass; heap, pile; rock.


Dum vita est, spēs est. — proverb
Translation

While there is life, there is hope.

Details

Dum (conj.): while, as; until; as long as. Vīta, vītae (1f): life. Est: there is. Spēs, speī (5f): hope. Est: there is.


Hoc maioris reī indicium est. — Seneca, Epistles 59.5
Translation

This is a proof of the importance of your subject matter.

Alt. : This indicates something even more important.

More literally: This is evidence of a greater thing.

Details

Hic/haec/ hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Maiōris is the m/f/n genitive singular form of maior/maior/maius (3), the comparative form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large. Rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair. Indicium, indiciī (2n): evidence, proof; information, indication. Est: is.


Implent enim me bona spē. — Seneca, Epistles 19.1
Translation

For they fill me with good hope.

Details

(Letters from his friend.) Implent is the third person plural form of impleō, implēre, implēvī, implētum (2): to fill. Enim (particle): for, indeed. is the accusative form of ego. Bonā is the feminine ablative singular form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Spē is the ablative singular form of spēs, speī (5f): hope; expectation.


Quis huic reī testis est? — Cicero, In Defense of Cluentius 168
Translation

Who testifies to this?

More literally: Who is a witness to this affair?

Details

Quis /quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Huic is the m/f/n dative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Reī is the dative singular form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair. Testis, testis (3m/f): witness. Est: is.


Numerum diērum tuorum implebo. — Ex. 23:26
Translation

I will fill the number of thy days.

Details

Numerum is the accusative singular form of numerus, numerī (2m): number. Diērum is the genitive plural form of diēs, diēī (5m/f): day. Tuōrum is the m/n genitive plural form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Implēbō is the first person singular future form of impleō, implēre, implēvī, implētum (2): to fill up; complete; satisfy.


Habent mali speciem. — Seneca, Epistles 82.15
Translation

They have the appearance of evil.

Details

(He’s talking about death and other frightening things.) Habent is the third person plural form of habeō habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Malum, malī (2n): evil; trouble, misfortune; misdeed; disease. Speciem is the accusative singular form of speciēs, speciēī (5f): appearance.


Nescimus aestimare rēs. — Seneca, Epistles 81.29
Translation

We do not know how to weigh matters.

Details

Nescīmus is the first person plural form of nesciō, nescīre, nescīvī/nesciī, nescītum (4): to not know; not know how to. Aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate, value, assess, reckon, judge. Rēs is the accusative plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair.


Crede fideī meae. — Seneca the Elder, Controversies 2.1.38
Translation

Trust in my good faith.

Details

Crēde is the singular imperative form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to believe; trust (takes a dative object—the person or thing trusted). Fideī is the dative singular form of fidēs, fideī (5f): faith; reliance; loyalty; good faith; promise. Meae is the feminine dative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine.


De qua prōgeniē es? — 1 Sam. 17:58
Translation

Of what family art thou?

Details

(prep.): of, from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Quā is the feminine ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Prōgeniē is the ablative singular form of prōgeniēs, prōgeniēī (5f): offspring; descent, family. Es: are you.


Praesentibus rēbus consulendum. — Erasmus, Adagia (1536)
Translation

Take thought for the here and now.

More literally: You must attend to present things.

Details

Praesentibus is the m/f/n dative plural form of praesēns, praesentis (3, adj.): present—originally the present active participle of praesum, praeesse, praefuī, praefutūrus (irreg.): to be at the head of, be in charge of; be present (that last meaning is rare outside the present participle). Rēbus is the dative plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; property. Cōnsulendus/cōnsulenda/ cōnsulendum (1/2) is the gerundive of cōnsulō, cōnsulere, cōnsuluī, cōnsultum (3): to consult; give thought to (in that last sense it takes a dative object). The verb est is implied. This is the passive periphrastic: you must attend. . . (see Chapter 41 of The Latin Tamer) in an impersonal passive construction (see Chapter 9 of The Latin Tamer).


Nam spēs adfectat easdem. — Ovid, Metamorphoses 5.377
Translation

For she cherishes the same hopes.

Details

Nam (particle): for. Spēs is the accusative plural form of spēs, speī (5f): hope; expectation. Adfectat is the third person singular form of adfectō, adfectāre, adfectāvī, adfectātum (1—also affectō): to desire, strive after; affect, feign. Eāsdem is the feminine accusative plural form of īdem/eadem/idem (adj.): the same.


Dixit enim multa de luxuriē. — Cicero, In Defense of Caelius 25
Translation

For he said many things about luxury.

Details

Dīxit is the third person singular perfect form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Multa is the neuter accusative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Luxuriē is the ablative singular form of luxuriēs, luxuriēī (5f—the length of the first u is uncertain): luxury.

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