Most of these exercises are like the illustrations to the corresponding chapter in The Latin Tamer: they use regular adverbs. But a couple of them here depend on adverbs that aren’t quite as regular and are discussed earlier in that chapter.
For this reason we are harassed if we possess them.
More literally: And so they are possessed anxiously.
(He’s talking about worldly goods; he’s just said they are fleeting.) Itaque (adv.): (and) so, therefore. is an adverb formed from sollicitus/sollicita/sollicitum (1/2): agitated, anxious. Possidentur is the third person plural passive form of possideō, possidēre, possēdī, possessum (2): to own, possess.
I will confess frankly.
is an adverb formed from simplex, simplicis (3, adj.): onefold, single, uncompounded; simple; frank, candid. Fatēbor is the first person singular future form of fateor, fatērī, fassus sum (2, deponent): to admit, acknowledge, confess.
A Cilician finds it hard to speak the truth.
More literally: A Cilician does not easily speak the truth.
(Cilicia is a region in what is now southern Turkey.) Cilix, Cilicis (3m): a Cilician. Haud (adv.): not, not at all, by no means. is an adverb formed from (3): easy. Vērum is the accusative singular form of vērum, vērī (2n): truth; reality. Dīcit is the third person singular form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say.
Gentlemen, the simple fact is this:
More literally: I say so much very briefly, gentlemen:
Tantum (adv.): so much; as much; only. is the superlative form of , an adverb formed from (3): brief. Iūdicēs is the vocative plural form of iūdex, iūdicis (3m/f): judge. Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say.
How much more spirited was Alexander!
More literally: How much more nobly (did) Alexander (act)!
Quantō (interrog. adv. , here used in an exclamatory way): how much? by how much? by what degree? is the comparative form of , an adverb formed from animōsus/animōsa/animōsum (1/2): brave, spirited; high-minded, noble. Alexander, Alexandrī (2m): Alexander.
Necessity teaches them to bear them bravely.
(. . . and habit teaches them to bear them easily. He’s talking about prisoners getting used to their shackles.) Necessitās, necessitātis (3f): necessity, exigency. is an adverb formed from (3): courageous, brave; strong. Ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum (3, irreg.): to carry, bear; endure. Docet is the third person singular form of doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach.
“I completely agree,” said Catulus.
: clearly, distinctly; quite, absolutely, completely—an adverb formed from plānus/plāna/plānum (1/2): flat; plain, clear. Inquit is the third person singular form of inquam (irreg. and defective): to say (inquit = he/she/it says or said). Catulus, Catulī (2m). Adsentior, adsentīrī, adsēnsūs sum (4, deponent—also assentior): to agree, assent.
These general propositions they cut up into still smaller divisions.
More literally: But these general things they cut up even more minutely (into even smaller pieces).
Haec is the neuter accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Autem (particle): on the other hand, but, however; and, moreover. Ūniversa is the neuter accusative plural form of ūniversus/ūniversa/ūniversum (1/2): whole, entire, all taken collectively; general, universal. Concīdunt is the third person plural form of concīdō, concīdere, concīdī, concīsum (3): to cut up; slaughter. Etiam (particle): still; also; even. is the comparative form of , an adverb formed from minūtus/minūta/minūtum (1/2): small, tiny, minute; petty—originally the perfect passive participle of minuō, minuere, minuī, minūtum (3): to make smaller, reduce, lessen; reduce to fragments, chop up or pulverize.
That which would be injurious, he buried deep in the earth.
More literally: He buried very deeply the things going to injure.
Nocitūra is the neuter accusative plural form of nocitūrus/nocitūra/nocitūrum (1/2), the future active participle of noceō, nocēre, nocuī, nocitum (2): to be harmful, harm, hurt, injure. is the superlative form of , an adverb formed from altus/alta/altum (1/2): high; deep. Pressit is the third person singular perfect form of premō, premere, pressī, pressum (3): to press, compress; bury.
Let us, then, look carefully into the matter.
Inquīrāmus is the first person plural subjunctive form of inquīrō, inquīrere, inquīsīvī/inquīsiī, inquīsītum (3): to inquire (into); investigate; search for (subjunctive because it’s hortatory). Itaque (adv.): (and) so, therefore, then. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Rem is the accusative singular form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; fact; circumstance; property. is an adverb formed from dīligēns, dīligentis (3, adj.): diligent, careful.
But I understand that it is far otherwise.
Sed (conj.): but. : far, far away; by far—an adverb formed from longus/longa/longum (1/2): long; far off. Aliter (adv.): otherwise, differently. Esse: to be. Intellegō, intellegere, intellēxī, intellēctum (3): to understand; realize.
It is an insignificant trifle, after all, that people treat with so much concern.
More literally: That is very small about which it is acted (i.e., people act; an impersonal passive verb) very anxiously.
Minimus/minima/ minimum (1/2): very small/smallest—the superlative form of parvus/parva/parvum (1/2): small, little. Est: it is. Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Quō is the m/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. : very anxiously, with very anxious care—the superlative form of , an adverb formed from sollicitus/sollicita/sollicitum (1/2): anxious; solicitous. Agitur is the third person singular passive form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, carry out, deal with, engage in; act; discuss.
It all presents the same aspect to us, it lies together.
More literally: It is seen in like manner. . .
(All past time.) : equally; in like manner; together—an adverb formed from pār, paris (3, adj.): even; equal. Aspicitur is the third person singular passive form of aspiciō, aspicere, aspexī, aspectum (3, –iō): to look at; see. Ūnā (adv.): together. Iacet is the third person singular form of iaceō, iacēre, iacuī, iacitum (2): to lie, be in a recumbent position.
Stop misinterpreting what fortune has done for you.
More literally: Cease to interpret the kindness of fortune wrongly.
Dēsine is the singular imperative form of dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to cease, stop (often with an infinitive). Beneficium is the accusative singular form of beneficium, beneficī (2n): a kindness, favor, benefit. Fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune, luck; fate. is an adverb formed from (1/2): bad; evil. Interpretor, interpretārī, interpretātus sum (1, deponent): to explain; interpret; translate.
If we can, let us speak more boldly; if not, more frankly.
Si (conj.): if. Possumus is the first person plural form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. is the comparative form of , an adverb formed from fortis/fortis/forte (3): brave, bold. Loquāmur is the first person plural subjunctive form of loquor, loquī, locūtus sum (3, deponent): to speak (subjunctive because it’s hortatory). Minus (adv.): less; not. is the comparative form of , an adverb formed from apertus/aperta/apertum (1/2) open; clear, obvious; frank—originally the perfect passive participle of aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum (4): to open; uncover.
The collapsing building sets some people down gently.
More literally: Collapse has set down some people gently.
Quōsdam is the masculine accusative plural form of quīdam/quaedam/quiddam (pron.): a certain one, somebody, something; (in pl.) certain ones, some, some people, some things. is an adverb formed from mollis/mollis/molle (3): soft; mild; gentle. Ruīna, ruīnae (1f): a falling down, fall, collapse; ruin. Dēposuit is the third person singular perfect form of dēpōnō, dēpōnere, dēposuī, dēpositum (3): to put down, set down.