Montaigne’s Latin

(Beforehand: Do we desire to be beloved of our children? Will we remove from them all occasion of wishing our death though no occasion of so horrid a wish can either be just or excusable?) Nūllus/nūlla/ nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any. Scelus, sceleris (3n): crime, heinous act; villainy, wickedness. Ratiōnem is the accusative singular form of ratiō, ratiōnis (3f): calculation, reckoning, account; proportion, relation; reasoning, rationale, explanation, justification; reason; method, manner; plan; system; principle; the way a thing is done, arranged or structured, or the way a thing works. Habet is the third person singular form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have.

Etiam (particle): still; even; also; yes. Innocentēs is the m/f (here m) accusative plural form of innocēns, innocentis (3): harmless; innocent. Cōgit is the third person singular form of cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum (3): to drive or bring together, round up, gather, collect; force, compel. Mentior, mentīrī, mentītus sum (4, deponent): to lie, tell a lie. Dolor, dolōris (3m): pain; grief, sorrow.

Nūllus/nūlla/ nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any. Sine (prep.): without (takes the ablative). Auctōrāmentō is the ablative singular form of auctōrāmentum, auctōrāmentī (2n): terms of employment, contract; remuneration, salary, wages; reward. Malum, malī (2n): a bad thing; evil; trouble, ill, misfortune (a substantive use of malus/mala/malum (1/2): bad; evil). Est: there is.

Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Tam (adv.): so (much), to such a degree, as. Inaestimābilis/inaestimābilis/ inaestimābile (3): impossible to estimate/appraise/gauge, ungaugeable; inestimable; invaluable. Est: is. Quam (rel. adv.): as; than. Animī is the nominative plural form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit; attitude, disposition; intention. Multitūdō, multitūdinis (3f): great number; multitude, crowd; the common people, the masses.

Prīmus /prīma/prīmum (1/2): frontmost; first. Clāmor, clāmōris (3m): shout, cry. Atque /ac (conj.): and, and also, and then. Impetus, impetūs (4m): a rushing or violent onward motion; impulse, impetus; attack, charge, assault; violence; force, vigor, ardor. Rem is the accusative singular form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; event; fact; property. Dēcernit is the third person singular form of dēcernō, dēcernere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētum (3): to decide, determine; decree, ordain.

Neque /nec: (conj.) and not, nor; (adv.) neither, not either, not even. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Eaedem is the feminine nominative plural form of īdem/eadem/idem (pron. or adj.): the same. Mīlitārēs is the m/f nominative plural form of mīlitāris/mīlitāris/mīlitāre (3): belonging to soldiers or the army; military; soldierly. Et (conj.): and. Imperātōriae is the feminine nominative plural form of imperātōrius/imperātōria/imperātōrium (1/2): belonging to an army general/commander/commanding officer, commanderly; imperial. Artēs is the nominative plural form of ars, artis (3f): art, craft, skill, technique; trade, profession; artifice, trick, stratagem. Sunt: (they) are.

In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Fragilī is the m/f/n ablative singular form of fragilis/fragilis/fragile (3): liable to break, easily destroyed, fragile, frail, brittle. Corpore is the ablative singular form of corpus, corporis (3n): body. Odiōsus/ odiōsa /odiōsum (1/2): exciting dislike or displeasure, hateful, odious, offensive; annoying. Omnis/ omnis /omne (3): all; every; any. Offēnsiō, offēnsiōnis (3f): the act of striking against something, collision; shock; upset, discomfort; offense; the taking of offense. Est: is.

(Beforehand: I endeavour to have no express need of any one.) In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Mē is the ablative form of ego: I. Omnis/ omnis /omne (3): all; every. Spēs, speī (5f): hope; expectation. Est: is. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I.

(That is, the transfer of them to others by others.) Pecūniārum is the genitive plural form of pecūnia, pecūniae (1f): property, possession, wealth; money. Trānslātiō, trānslātiōnis (3f): the act of moving something from one place to another; transfer; figurative use (of a word); translation. Ab/ ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Iūstīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of iūstus/iūsta/iūstum (1/2): lawful; rightful, legitimate; just, fair, equitable; upright; right, proper, correct. Dominīs is the ablative plural form of dominus, dominī (2m): lord, master; owner. Ad (prep.): to, toward: at; for (the purpose of) (takes the accusative). Aliēnōs is the masculine accusative plural form of aliēnus/aliēna/aliēnum (1/2): of another, belonging to another or others, not one’s own; to whom or which a thing does not belong; alien, foreign, unfamiliar, unrelated; out-of-place, irrelevant, unsuitable; unprofitable; harmful; hostile, unfavorable (here the masculine plural form is used substantively to mean people to whom something doesn’t belong). Nōn: not. Dēbet is the third person singular form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, should. Līberālis/ līberālis /līberāle (3): relating to or typical of a free man; noble, kind, generous; (of studies) liberal. Vidērī is the passive infinitive form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see; (in the passive) seem; be seen as, be thought (to be), be deemed.

Ipsae is the feminine nominative plural form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/myself etc. ; in person; the very. Rēs is the nominative plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; event; fact; property. Verba is the accusative plural form of verbum, verbī (2n): word; phrase, expression, saying, proverb; verb. Rapiunt is the third person plural form of rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptum (3, –iō): to snatch, carry off, carry away, sweep along; attract or impel irresistibly.

Nae (affirmative particle—also nē): truly, indeed, assuredly (it’s usually followed by a personal or demonstrative pronoun). Iste /ista/istud (pron.): that (one), this (one); he, she, it. Magnō is the m/n ablative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): big, large, great. Cōnātū is the ablative singular form of cōnātus, cōnātūs (4m): exertion, effort; attempt, endeavor. Magnās is the feminine accusative plural form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): big, large, great. Nūgās is the accusative form of nūgae, nūgārum (1f, plural only): jokes, trifles, nonsense. Dīxerit is the third person singular future perfect form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say.

Exsilia is the accusative plural form of exsilium, exsiliī (2n—also exilium): banishment, exile. Tormenta is the accusative plural form of tormentum, tormentī (2n): torment, torture. Bella is the accusative plural form of bellum, bellī (2n): war. Morbōs is the accusative plural form of morbus, morbī (2m): disease, illness. Naufragia is the accusative plural form of naufragium, naufragiī (2n): shipwreck. Meditāre is the singular imperative form of meditor, meditārī, meditātus sum (1, deponent): to think on, meditate on, contemplate; rehearse. Ut (conj. , with subjunctive): that, so that. Nūllō is the m/n ablative singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any. Sīs the second person singular subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Malō is the ablative singular form of malum, malī (2n): a bad thing; evil; trouble, ill, misfortune, disaster. Tīrō, tīrōnis (3m): recruit; novice, beginner.

Glōria, glōriae (1f): glory. Quantuslibet/ quantalibet /quantumlibet (this word is a compound of quantus and libet; only the first element declines, and it does so on the 1/2 pattern): of whatever size/amount/degree, however great, no matter how great. Quis/quis/ quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Erit is the third person singular future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Sī (conj.): if. Glōria, glōriae (1f): glory. Tantum (adv.): so much; only, merely. Est: it is.

Permitte is the singular imperative form of permittō, permittere, permīsī, permissum (3): to let go of; permit, allow; entrust, commit; leave (to someone to deal with). Dīvīs is the dative plural form of dīvus, dīvī (2m): god. Caetera is the neuter accusative plural form of caeterus/caetera/caeterum (1/2—more classically cēterus): (all) (the) other(s), the rest (of).

Fūrem is the accusative singular form of fūr, fūris (3m/f): thief. Signāta is the neuter nominative plural form of signātus/signāta/signātum (1/2), the perfect passive participle of signō, signāre, signāvī, signātum (1): to mark; point out, indicate, designate; stamp; seal. Sollicitant is the third person plural form of sollicitō, sollicitāre, sollicitāvī, sollicitātum (1): to disturb, harass, molest; worry; solicit, tempt, seduce. Aperta is the neuter accusative plural form of apertus/aperta/apertum (1/2): open, opened—the perfect passive participle of aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum (4): to open; uncover, bring into the open, reveal, make clear. Effrāctārius, effrāctāriī (2m): one who breaks into buildings, a housebreaker, burglar. Praeterit is the third person singular form of praetereō, praeterīre, praeteriī/praeterīvī, praeteritum (irreg.): to go past, pass by.

Simpliciōra is the neuter nominative plural form of simplicior/simplicior/simplicius (3): plainer—the comparative form of simplex, simplicis (3, adj.): single, onefold, uncompounded; simple; plain, unadorned; candid, artless. Mīlitārēs is the m/f (here m) accusative plural form of mīlitāris/mīlitāris/mīlitāre (3): military (used substantively to mean military men). Decent is the third person plural form of decet, decēre, decuit, — (2, third person only): to be fitting, suitable, proper or becoming; suit, befit, beseem.

Magnus/ magna /magnum (1/2): big, large, great. Pars, partis (3f): part, piece, portion, share; region, quarter; side; direction; aspect; party, faction. Lībertās, lībertātis (3f): freedom, liberty. Est: is. Bene (adv.): well. Mōrātus /mōrāta/mōrātum (1/2): possessing a character or manners of a certain type (denoted by an adverb such as bene), behaved, mannered. Venter, ventris (3m): belly, stomach.

Potentissimus /potentissima/potentissimum (1/2): most powerful—the superlative form of potēns, potentis (3, adj.): provided (with), possessing or having acquired possession (of) (with gen. or abl.); exercising power or control (over, with gen.); capable (of), able (to) (with gen. , infinitive, or ad + acc.); powerful, mighty; potent. Est: he is. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Sē: himself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Habet is the third person singular form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Potestāte is the ablative singular form of potestās, potestātis (3f): power, ability; control; authority; chance, opportunity.

Labor, labōris (3m): work, toil, labor, effort; trouble, hardship, suffering. Callum is the accusative singular form of callum, callī (2n—also callus, 2m): hard substance; thick tough skin, hide; callus, induration. Obdūcit is the third person singular form of obdūcō, obdūcere, obdūxī, obductum (3): to obstruct; draw (acc.) as a covering over (dat.); cover, overlay. Callum obdūcere is an idiom meaning to bring about insensitivity. Dolōrī is the dative singular form of dolor, dolōris (3m): pain; grief, sorrow.

Impōnit is the third person singular form of impōnō, impōnere, imposuī, impositum (3): to place, put, lay, set (acc.) on (dat.); fix, assign, impose (an accusative object to or on a dative one); (with dative alone) impose upon, deceive. Fīnem is the accusative singular form of fīnis, fīnis (3m): boundary, bound, limit; end, ending; the farthest limit or culminating point (of anything); aim, goal, target, purpose, object; (in pl.) territory. Sapiēns, sapientis (3, adj. and 3m, potentially also f, noun): wise; wise man, sage, wise person. In Juvenal, the sentence occurs in a passage about women, so this sapiēns may have been meant as feminine; but his statement may also have been intended as a more general one, in which case sapiēns would be masculine. Montaigne used it in a general way. Et (adv.): also; even. Rēbus is the dative plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; event; fact; property. Honestīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of honestus/honesta/honestum (1/2): honorable.

Vitia is the nominative plural form of vitium, vitiī (2n): vice, fault, flaw, defect. Ōtium, ōtiī (2n): leisure, freedom from business, free time; rest; inactivity, idleness; peace, tranquility. Negōtiō is the ablative singular form of negōtium, negōtiī (2n): the fact of being busy or something that one is busy with; occupation, work, activity, business, affair; trouble, difficulty. Discutienda is the neuter nominative plural form of discutiendus/discutienda/discutiendum (1/2), the gerundive of discutiō, discutere, discussī, discussum (3, –iō): to shatter; shake off or out; scatter; dispel. Sunt: (they) are. Discutienda sunt is the passive periphrastic: are to be dispelled, must be dispelled.

Exscinduntur is the third person plural passive form of exscindō, exscindere, exscidī, exscissum (3—also excindō): to destroy, demolish; extirpate, eradicate, exterminate. Facilius (adv.): more easily—the comparative form of facile (adv.): easily. Animō is the dative or ablative singular form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit (verbs that convey separation, especially those that have a prefix, like exscindō, can often go with the dative or ablative of the object that something is taken away from or out of, etc.). Quam (rel. adv.): as; than. Temperantur is the third person plural passive form of temperō, temperāre, temperāvī, temperātum (1): to restrain, temper, moderate, regulate; behave with moderation, be temperate, be moderate.

In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Negōtiīs is the ablative plural form of negōtium, negōtiī (2n): the fact of being busy or something that one is busy with; occupation, work, activity, business, affair; trouble, difficulty. Sunt: they are. Negōtium, negōtiī (2n): the fact of being busy or something that one is busy with; occupation, work, activity, business, affair; trouble, difficulty. Causā is the ablative singular form of causa, causae (1f): (legal) case, trial, cause (that one is pleading for); case (other than legal), situation; cause (that which brings something about), reason, motive; (in the ablative singular causā after a genitive word) for the sake of.

Tetrica is the neuter nominative plural form of tetricus/tetrica/tetricum (1/2): stern, severe, grave, forbidding. Sunt: (they) are. Amoenanda is the neuter nominative plural form of amoenandus/amoenanda/amoenandum (1/2), the gerundive of amoenō, amoenāre, amoenāvī, amoenātum (1): to make (more) pleasant; delight. Sunt amoenanda is the passive periphrastic: are to be made more pleasant, must/should be made more pleasant. Ioculāribus is the m/f/n (here n) ablative plural form of ioculāris/ioculāris/ioculāre (3): facetious, humorous.

Miscē is the singular imperative form of misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mixtum/mistum (2): to mix, blend, mingle. Stultitiam is the accusative singular form of stultitia, stultitiae (1f): stupidity, foolishness, folly. Cōnsiliīs is the dative plural form of cōnsilium, cōnsiliī (2n): counsel, deliberation, discussion, consultation; council, meeting; counsel, advice (or piece of advice); counsel, plan, intention, purpose, design; choice, decision; counsel, (capacity or exercise of) judgment, discernment, intelligence. Brevem is the m/f accusative singular form of brevis/brevis/breve (3): short, brief.

Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Est: is. Hīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one (occasionally one might want to translate it less literally as that); he, she, it. Quī is the masculine nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Placeō, placēre, placuī, placitum (2): to be pleasing, seem good, please, meet with approval. Volunt is the third person plural form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want. Tam (adv.): so (much), to such a degree, as. Adversārius/adversāria/ adversārium (1/2): opposed, hostile, adverse; prejudicial, detrimental, harmful. Quam (rel. adv.): as; than. Expectātiō, expectātiōnis (3f—also exspectātiō): expectation.

Age is the singular imperative form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.); imperative forms can be used idiomatically as a call to action: come (do it)! Sī (conj.): if. Hic /haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Nōn: not. Īnsānit is the third person singular form of īnsāniō, īnsānīre, īnsānīvī/īnsāniī, īnsānītum (4): to be insane, act crazily, rave. Satis (adv.): enough, sufficiently. Suā: by his (own)—the feminine ablative singular form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Sponte is the ablative singular form of spōns, spontis (3f): free will; impulse (suā sponte = by one’s own free will, of one’s own accord, by one’s own agency, by oneself). Īnstīgā is the singular imperative form of īnstīgō, īnstīgāre, īnstīgāvī, īnstīgātum (1): to incite, urge, goad (on), provoke.

Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from (takes the ablative). Quō is the m/n (here n, referring to a fact Cicero had just mentioned) ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Intelligitur is the third person singular passive form of intelligō, intelligere, intellēxī, intellēctum (3—also intellegō): to understand. Nōn: not. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Nātūrā is the ablative singular form of nātūra, nātūrae (1f): nature. Sed (conj.): but. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Opīniōne is the ablative singular form of opīniō, opīniōnis (3f): opinion, belief. Esse: to be (sometimes, when combined with the preposition in, esse can convey an idea like to depend on, be based on, be a product of, or similar.). Aegritūdinem is the accusative singular form of aegritūdō, aegritūdinis (3f): grief, sorrow.

Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Crēbrō (adv.): thickly, densely; often, frequently, repeatedly. Videt is the third person singular form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. Nōn: not. Mīrātur is the third person singular form of mīror, mīrārī, mīrātus sum (1, deponent): to be surprised, wonder, marvel (at); admire. Etiamsī (conj.): even if. Cūr (interrog. adv.): why? Fīat is the third person singular subjunctive form of fīō, fierī, —, — (irreg.): to be done; be made; happen; come into being; become (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Nescit is the third person singular form of nesciō, nescīre, nescīvī/nesciī, nescītum (4): to not know.

Cōnsuētūdine is the ablative singular form of cōnsuētūdō, cōnsuētūdinis (3f): habit, custom, experience, familiarity, habituation. Oculōrum is the genitive plural form of oculus, oculī (2m): eye. Assuēscunt is the third person plural form of assuēscō, assuēscere, assuēvī, assuētum (3—also adsuēscō): to get used (to), become accustomed (to). Animī is the nominative plural form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit. Neque /nec: (conj.) and not, nor; (adv.) neither, not either, not even. Admīrantur is the third person plural form of admīror, admīrārī, admīrātus sum (1, deponent): to be surprised, be astonished, wonder, marvel (at); admire. Neque /nec: (conj.) and not, nor; (adv.) neither, not either, not even. Requīrunt is the third person plural form of requīrō, requīrere, requīsīvī/requīsiī, requīsītum (3): to look for, seek; ask, inquire, seek to know or understand; want; need; miss. Ratiōnēs is the accusative plural form of ratiō, ratiōnis (3f): calculation, reckoning, account; proportion, relation; reasoning, rationale, explanation, justification; reason; method, manner; plan; system; principle; the way a thing is done, arranged or structured, or the way a thing works. Eārum is the feminine genitive plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Rērum is the genitive plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; event; fact; property. Quās is the feminine accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Semper (adv.): always, all the time. Vident is the third person plural form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see.

Plūs is the accusative singular form of plūs, plūris (3n): more (it can be used adverbially). Sapit is the third person singular form of sapiō, sapere, sapīvī, — (3, –iō): to have a certain taste, taste of, smack of; have good sense, be sensible; be wise; know, understand. Vulgus, vulgī (2n/m, irreg.): the common people. Quia (conj.): because. Tantum is the accusative form of tantum, tantī (pron.): so great an amount, so much; this amount, this much; as great an amount, as much (it can be used adverbially). Quantum is the accusative form of quantum, quantī (rel. pron.): (as much) as, (as great an amount) as (it can be used adverbially). Opus, operis (3n): work; (in the expression opus est) need. Est: there is. Sapit is the third person singular form of sapiō, sapere, sapīvī, — (3, –iō): to have a certain taste, taste of, smack of; have good sense, be sensible; be wise; know, understand. One could debate, perhaps pointlessly, whether the words plūs, tantum and quantum in this sentence should be considered adverbs or simply accusative objects of sapit. It makes no real difference to the message.

Nōn: not. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Parandus/ paranda /parandum (1/2) is the gerundive of parō, parāre, parāvī, parātum (1): to supply, provide, make available; get, acquire, procure; prepare. Nōbīs is the dative form of nōs: we (the dative of agent with the gerundive). Sōlum (adv.): only, just, merely. Sed (conj.): but. Fruendus/ fruenda /fruendum (1/2) is the gerundive of fruor, fruī, frūctus sum (3, deponent): to enjoy, have the enjoyment of, avail oneself of, derive advantage from or take pleasure in (it usually takes an ablative object, but its gerundive can be used like that of a transitive verb). Sapientia, sapientiae (1f): wisdom. Est: is. Paranda (est) and fruenda est are passive periphrastic constructions: is to be acquired, is to be derived advantage from; must/should be acquired, must/should be derived advantage from.

Mihi is the dative form of ego: I. Quidem (particle): at any rate, at all events; indeed; at that, what is more. Laudābiliōra is the neuter nominative plural form of laudābilior/laudābilior/laudābilius (3): more praiseworthy—the comparative form of laudābilis/laudābilis/laudābile (3): praiseworthy, laudable. Videntur is the third person plural passive form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see; (in passive) seem. Omnia is the neuter nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (n. pl. used substantively) all things, everything. Quae is the f/n nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Sine (prep.): without (takes ablative). Vēnditātiōne is the ablative singular form of vēnditātiō, vēnditātiōnis (3f): the action of advertizing the merits of something in order to sell it; publicity. Et (conj.): and. Sine (prep.): without (takes ablative). Populō is the ablative singular form of populus, populī (2m): people; nation; general public, populace; crowd. Teste is the ablative singular form of testis, testis (3m/f): witness. Fīunt is the third person plural form of fīō, fierī, —, — (irreg.): to be made; be done; happen; come into being; become.

Iactantius (adv.): more boastfully; more ostentatiously—the comparative form of iactanter (adv.): boastfully; ostentatiously. Maerent is the third person plural form of maereō, maerēre, —, — (2): to be sad, mourn. Quae is the f/n (here f) nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Minus (adv.): less. Dolent is the third person plural form of doleō, dolēre, doluī, dolitum (2): to suffer, be in pain; grieve (for); hurt; be painful, cause pain.

Ipse/ ipsa /ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/etc. ; in person; the very. Cōnsuētūdō, cōnsuētūdinis (3f): habit, custom, experience, familiarity. Assentiendī is the genitive gerund of assentiō, assentīre, assēnsī, assēnsum (4—also adsentiō): to agree, assent; or of its deponent variant assentior, assentīrī, assēnsus sum (4—also adsentior): same meaning as the non-deponent variant. Perīculōsus/ perīculōsa /perīculōsum (1/2): dangerous, hazardous, perilous. Esse: to be. Vidētur is the third person singular passive form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see; (in the passive) seem. Et (conj.): and. Lūbricus/ lūbrica /lūbricum (1/2): slippery; (figuratively) liable to make one slip (into error, trouble, etc.), liable to lead to false steps, hazardous.

Paucīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of paucus/pauca/paucum (1/2): few. Opus, operis (3n): work; (in the expression opus est) need (often with ablative of the thing needed). Est: there is. Litterīs is the ablative plural form of littera, litterae (1f): (in the singular) letter (of the alphabet); (in the plural) letter (sent to someone); literature; literacy; learning, erudition. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at; for (the purpose of) (takes the accusative). Bonam is the feminine accusative singular form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Mentem is the accusative singular form of mēns, mentis (3f): mind; mindset, attitude; intention.

(The original can be found in the vocabulary entry on the word intrā.) Nūllus/nūlla/ nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any. Intrā (prep.): within, inside (takes accusative). Sē: itself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Vitium, vitiī (2n): vice, fault, flaw, defect. Est: is.

Videndus/videnda/ videndum (1/2) is the gerundive of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see; consider. Est: it is. Videndum est is the passive periphrastic: it is to be seen/considered, one must/should see/consider. Nōn: not. Modo (adv.): just, only. Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Quisque /quaeque/quidque (pron.): each, each one, each person, each thing; every or any single one/person/thing. Loquātur is the third person singular subjunctive form of loquor, loquī, locūtus sum (3, deponent): to speak, talk (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Sed (conj.): but. Etiam (particle): still; even; also; yes. Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Quisque /quaeque/quidque (pron.): each, each one, each person, each thing; every or any single one/person/thing. Sentiat is the third person singular subjunctive form of sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsum (4): to feel; perceive, notice; think (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Atque /ac (conj.): and, and also, and then. Etiam (particle): still; even; also; yes. Quā is the feminine ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning; of; sometimes idiomatically translated as for in expressions like for what reason, for this reason, etc. (takes the ablative). Causā is the ablative singular form of causa, causae (1f): (legal) case, trial, cause (that one is pleading for); case (other than legal), situation; cause (that which brings something about), reason, motive. Quisque /quaeque/quidque (pron.): each, each one, each person, each thing; every or any single one/person/thing. Sentiat is the third person singular subjunctive form of sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsum (4): to feel; perceive, notice; think (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).

Nōn: not. Pudet is the third person singular form of pudeō, pudēre, puduī, puditum (2): (personally, rare) to feel ashamed; (impersonally, the more common usage) it causes shame, there is shame, one feels shame (the person feeling shame goes in the accusative). Physicum is the accusative singular form of physicus, physicī (2m): a natural scientist (a substantive use of the adjective physicus/physica/physicum (1/2): relating to physical nature—it’s a loanword from Greek). Is/ea/ id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Est: is. Speculātōrem is the accusative singular form of speculātor, speculātōris (3m): scout, spy; sentinel; observer; explorer. Vēnātōremque: vēnātōrem is the accusative singular form of vēnātor, vēnātōris (3m): hunter; the enclitic conjunction – que adds and. Nātūra, nātūrae (1f): nature. Ab /ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Animīs is the ablative plural form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit. Cōnsuētūdine is the ablative singular form of cōnsuētūdō, cōnsuētūdinis (3f): habit, custom, experience, familiarity. Imbūtīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of imbūtus/imbūta/imbūtum (1/2), the perfect passive participle of imbuō, imbuere, imbuī, imbūtum (3): to drench, steep; imbue. Petō, petere, petīvī/petiī, petītum (3): to direct one’s course to, make for; aim at; go for, attack; seek; ask. Testimōnium is the accusative singular form of testimōnium, testimōniī (2n): testimony; evidence. Vēritās, vēritātis (3f): truth; reality.

Quō is the m/n (here n) ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Timor, timōris (3m): fear. Minus, minōris (3n): a lesser amount or thing, less. Est: there is. Eō is the m/n (here n) ablative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Quō + comparative. . . eō + comparative = by which [degree]. . . by that [degree]. . . ; the (more, less, etc.). . . the (more, less, etc.). Quō and eō in this construction are ablatives of degree of difference. Minus, minōris (3n): a lesser amount or thing, less. Fermē (adv. —also ferē): roughly, about, approximately; nearly, almost, virtually; usually, generally, in most cases, as a general rule. Perīculum, perīculī (2n): test, trial, experiment; danger, risk, peril. Est: there is.

Dum (conj.): while, as; until; as long as, provided that. Spectant is the third person plural form of spectō, spectāre, spectāvī, spectātum (1): to watch, look at, observe; pay regard to, consider; aim at; face, look towards, point (in a certain direction); have respect to, bear on, be about. Oculī is the nominative plural form of oculus, oculī (2m): eye. Laesōs is the masculine accusative plural form of laesus/laesa/laesum (1/2), the perfect passive participle of laedō, laedere, laesī, laesum (3): to hurt, harm, injure. Laeduntur is the third person plural passive form of laedō, laedere, laesī, laesum (3): to hurt, harm, injure. Et (adv.): also, too, as well. Ipsī is the masculine nominative plural form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (pron. or adj.): himself/herself/itself/myself etc. ; in person; the very. Multaque: multa is the neuter nominative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many; the enclitic conjunction – que adds and. Corporibus is the dative plural form of corpus, corporis (3n): body. Trānsitiōne is the ablative singular form of trānsitiō, trānsitiōnis (3f): the act of going across/past/by, passage; transition; the act of crossing over to the enemy side, desertion. Nocent is the third person plural form of noceō, nocēre, nocuī, nocitum (2): to be harmful, do harm, injure, harm, hurt (takes a dative object).

Dīversōs is the masculine accusative plural form of dīversus/dīversa/dīversum (1/2): turned, facing, going, etc. , in a different direction or different directions; situated apart or on opposite sides/on the opposite side; separate; divergent; different; various; at odds, in conflict. Dīversa is the neuter nominative plural form of dīversus/dīversa/dīversum (1/2): turned, facing, going, etc. , in a different direction or different directions; situated apart or on opposite sides/on the opposite side; separate; divergent; different; various; at odds, in conflict. Iuvant is the third person plural form of iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtum (1): to help, aid, assist; benefit, avail; delight, gratify, please. Nōn: not. Omnibus is the m/f/n dative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Annīs is the dative plural form of annus, annī (2m): year. Omnia is the neuter nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (n. pl. used substantively) all things, everything. Conveniunt is the third person plural form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet, convene, assemble; meet, visit, go to (a person); harmonize, be consistent, be adapted, fitting or suitable; be agreed upon; (impersonally) it is agreed, there is agreement.

Omnia is the neuter nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Vitia is the nominative plural form of vitium, vitiī (2n): vice, fault, flaw, defect. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Apertō is the m/n ablative singular form of apertus/aperta/apertum (1/2) is the perfect passive participle (having been opened) of aperiō, aperīre, aperuī, apertum (4): to open; uncover—as an adjective: open (the neuter form here is used substantively). Leviōra is the neuter nominative plural form of levior/levior/levius (3): milder—the comparative form of levis/levis/leve (3): light (not weighing much); slight, mild; trifling, trivial, unimportant; inconstant, fickle, unreliable. Sunt: (they) are. Et (conj.): and. Tunc (adv.): then, at that time or moment. Perniciōsissima is the neuter nominative plural form of perniciōsissimus/perniciōsissima/perniciōsissimum (1/2): very/most destructive—the superlative form of perniciōsus/perniciōsa/perniciōsum (1/2): destructive, deadly, fatal. Quum is a variant spelling of cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Simulātā is the feminine ablative singular form of simulātus/simulāta/simulātum (1/2), the perfect passive participle of simulō, simulāre, simulāvī, simulātum (1): to pretend; simulate. Sānitāte is the ablative singular form of sānitās, sānitātis (3f): health, soundness of body; sanity, soundness of mind. Simulātā sānitāte is an ablative absolute. Subsīdunt is the third person plural form of subsīdō, subsīdere, subsēdī, — (3): to squat, crouch down; lie in wait; stay put; settle, lodge; subside.

Rārī is the masculine nominative plural form of rārus/rāra/rārum (1/2): loose-knit or porous; spaced at intervals, widely spaced, sparse; rare, infrequent, uncommon, few and far between. Quippe (particle): for; of course, naturally, indeed, as is to be expected; as being. Bonī is the masculine nominative plural form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Numerō is the ablative singular form of numerus, numerī (2m): number. Vix (adv.): hardly, barely, scarcely; with difficulty. Sunt: they are. Totidem (indeclinable): as many. Quot (indeclinable): (as many) as. Thēbae, Thēbārum (1f, plural only): Thebes. Portae is the nominative plural form of porta, portae (1f): gate. Vel (conj.): or. Dīves, dīvitis (3, adj.): rich, wealthy. Ōstia is the nominative plural form of ōstium, ōstiī (2n): door; entrance; mouth (of a river). Nīlus, Nīlī (2m): the Nile.

(The second part is adapted from Tacitus; the origin of the first part is uncertain.) Maiōrem is the m/f accusative singular form of maior/maior/maius (3): greater—the comparative form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): big, large, great. Fidem is the accusative singular form of fidēs, fideī (5f): trust; faith; good faith, honesty, sincerity; faithfulness; loyalty; allegiance; promise; credit; credence, belief. Adhibent is the third person plural form of adhibeō, adhibēre, adhibuī, adhibitum (2): to apply; use; bring in, call in; consult; accord, lend (credence). Hominēs is the nominative plural form of homō, hominis (3m): man, human being, person (or, in the plural, people). Iīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Quae is the neuter accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Nōn: not. Intelligunt is the third person plural form of intelligō, intelligere, intellēxī, intellēctum (3—also intellegō): to understand; realize. Cupīdine is the ablative singular form of cupīdō, cupīdinis (3f): desire, wish, longing; lust; greed. Humānī is the m/n genitive singular form of hūmānus/hūmāna/hūmānum (1/2): human (as an adjective), belonging to a human being or human beings. Ingenium, ingeniī (2n): natural disposition, innate character, nature, temperament; mental powers, intellect, mind; talent; cleverness, ingenuity. Libentius (adv.): with more pleasure, more gladly, more willingly, more readily—the comparative form of libenter (adv.): with pleasure, gladly, willingly, readily. Obscūra is the neuter nominative plural form of obscūrus/obscūra/obscūrum (1/2): dark, obscure. Crēduntur is the third person plural passive form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe.

Respice is the singular imperative form of respiciō, respicere, respexī, respectum (3, –iō): to look back at; look to; look at; consider. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Quam (interrog. adv.): how (much)? to what degree? Nīl (contraction of nihil; n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at; for (the purpose of) (takes the accusative). Nōs is the accusative form of nōs: we. Anteāctus/ anteācta /anteāctum (1/2): that was done or spent earlier, past, bygone—a compound of the adverb ante: before, earlier, previously; and āctus/ācta/āctum, the perfect passive participle of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). It can also be written as two words, ante āctus. Vetustās, vetustātis (3f): old age, long existence or duration, great age; antiquity. Tempus, temporis (3n): time. Aeternī is the m/n genitive singular form of aeternus/aeterna/aeternum (1/2): eternal, everlasting. Fuerit is the third person singular perfect subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).

Mēnsque: mēns, mentis (3f): mind; the enclitic conjunction – que adds and. Patior, patī, passus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to undergo, suffer, endure; allow. Dūrum is the m/n accusative singular form of dūrus/dūra/dūrum (1/2): hard. Sustinet is the third person singular form of sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentum (2): to support; withstand, bear, endure; be able, have the strength or endurance. Aeger/ aegra /aegrum (1/2): sick, ailing. Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing.

Sincērus/sincēra/ sincērum (1/2): sound, unimpaired; pure, unalloyed; genuine. Est: is. Nisi (conj.): if not, unless; except. Vās, vāsis (3n): vessel, container, vase; utensil; (in pl.) equipment. Quodcunque is the neuter accusative singular form of quīcunque/quaecunque/quodcunque (rel. pron. —also quīcumque): whoever, whatever. Īnfundis is the second person singular form of īnfundō, īnfundere, īnfūdī, īnfūsum (3): to pour in; instil. Acēscit is the third person singular form of acēscō, acēscere, acuī, — (3): to turn sour.

Hic/haec/ hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Est: is. Vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live. Bis (adv.): twice. Vītā is the ablative singular form of vīta, vītae (1f): life. Possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Priōre is the m/f/n ablative singular form of prior/prior/prius (3): situated in a more forward position, situated in front (front-. . . , fore-. . .); earlier, previous, former, prior, first (relatively to another), last (in the sense directly preceding), coming before. Fruor, fruī, frūctus sum (3, deponent): to enjoy, have the enjoyment of, avail oneself of, derive advantage from or take pleasure in (takes an ablative object).

Nōn: not. Esse: to be. Cupidum is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of cupidus/cupida/cupidum (1/2): eager, longing; greedy, avaricious; lustful, lecherous. Pecūnia, pecūniae (1f): property, possession, wealth; money. Est: is. Nōn: not. Esse: to be. Emācem is the m/f (here m) accusative singular form of emāx, emācis (3, adj.): (too) fond of buying. Vectīgal, vectīgālis (3n): the state’s revenue from public property; tax revenue; revenue (in general), income. Est: is.

Et (conj.): and. Patimur is the first person plural form of patior, patī, passus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to undergo, suffer, endure; allow. Longae is the feminine genitive singular form of longus/longa/longum (1/2): long. Pāx, pācis (3f): peace. Mala is the accusative plural form of malum, malī (2n): a bad thing; evil; trouble, ill, misfortune. Saevior/ saevior /saevius (3): more savage—the comparative form of saevus/saeva/saevum (1/2): savage, ferocious, fierce; cruel. Armīs is the ablative form of arma, armōrum (2n, plural only): arms, weapons; (by metonymy) war (the ablative of comparison). Luxuria, luxuriae (1f): immoderate growth (of plants), rankness, luxuriance; luxury, extravagance, excess, overindulgence; unruly behavior, licentiousness, disregard for moral restraints. Incumbit is the third person singular form of incumbō, incumbere, incubuī, — (3): to lean on, lie on; press on, burden; apply oneself to (takes a dative object).

Quisque /quaeque/quidque (pron.): each, each one, each person, each thing. Suōs: his (own)—the masculine accusative plural form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Forms of quisque and suus are often used together to mean each his/her own. But quisque rarely comes first in a clause; exceptions are mostly poetic, like here. A more common word order would have been suōs quisque. . . (but it wouldn’t have fit the meter of this line). Patimur is the first person plural form of patior, patī, passus sum (3, deponent): to undergo, suffer, endure; allow. Mānēs is the accusative form of mānēs, mānium (3m, plural only): the spirits of the dead; the spirit of a dead person; a ghost or ghosts; the underworld; punishment in the underworld.

(A translation from the Greek dramatist and philosopher Epicharmus.) Ēmorior, ēmorī, ēmortuus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to die, perish. Nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, — (irreg.): to not want, refuse, be unwilling. Sed (conj.): but. Mē is the accusative form of ego: I. Esse: to be. Mortuum is the m/n accusative singular form of mortuus/mortua/mortuum (1/2): dead, having died—the perfect active participle of morior, morī, mortuus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to die. Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate, value, assess, reckon, judge, consider.

Incertam is the feminine accusative singular form of incertus/incerta/incertum (1/2): uncertain, doubtful, not known. Frūstrā (adv.): in vain, to no effect, to no purpose. Mortālēs is the m/f (here m) vocative plural form of mortālis/mortālis/mortāle (3): subject to death, mortal. Fūnus, fūneris (3n): funeral; death. Hōram is the accusative singular form of hōra, hōrae (1f): hour. Quaeritis is the second person plural form of quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī/quaesiī, quaesītum (3): to seek, look for or try to obtain; seek to know, ask; require, need. Et (conj.): and. Quā is the feminine ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Sit is the third person singular subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Mors, mortis (3f): death. Aditūrus/ aditūra /aditūrum (1/2) is the future active participle of adeō, adīre, adiī, aditum (irreg.): to go or come to, approach; undertake; undergo, submit to. Viā is the ablative singular form of via, viae (1f): road, way.

Ūtātur is the third person singular subjunctive form of ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum (3, deponent): to use, employ; treat; experience, undergo, enjoy (takes an ablative object) (subjunctive because it’s a command). Mōtū is the ablative singular form of mōtus, mōtūs (4m): motion, movement; disturbance. Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit. Mōtus animī = motion or disturbance of the mind, emotion. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum (3, deponent): to use, employ; treat; experience, undergo, enjoy (takes an ablative object). Ratiōne is the ablative singular form of ratiō, ratiōnis (3f): calculation, reckoning, account; proportion, relation; reasoning, rationale, explanation, justification; reason; method, manner; plan; system; principle; the way a thing is done, arranged or structured, or the way a thing works. Nōn: not. Potest is the third person singular form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can.

Multī is the masculine nominative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsum (3): to deceive. Docuērunt is the third person plural perfect form of doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach. Dum (conj.): while, as; until; as long as, provided that (the meaning while, as typically takes present-tense verbs even when referring to the past). Timent is the third person plural form of timeō, timēre, timuī, — (2): to fear, be afraid. Fallī is the passive infinitive form of fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsum (3): to deceive. Et (conj.): and. Aliīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another. Iūs is the accusative singular form of iūs, iūris (3n): law; right; authority, jurisdiction. Peccandī is the genitive gerund of peccō, peccāre, peccāvī, peccātum (1): to sin, do wrong; make a mistake. Suspicandō is the ablative gerund of suspicor, suspicārī, suspicātus sum (1, deponent): to guess, imagine; suspect. Fēcērunt is the third person plural perfect form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make, create.

Vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live. Et (conj.): and. Quem is the masculine accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. adj.): which, what. Dederat is the third person singular pluperfect form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give. Cursum is the accusative singular form of cursus, cursūs (4m): the action of running, run; race; course; journey. Fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune, luck. Peragō, peragere, perēgī, perāctum (3): to carry out, perform, execute (esp. to the end); finish, complete; live out.

(The original was about waking up from a dream; Montaigne used it to talk about memories of real life.) Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Perdidit is the third person singular perfect form of perdō, perdere, perdidī, perditum (3): to destroy; waste, squander; lose. Optat is the third person singular form of optō, optāre, optāvī, optātum (1): to express a wish for, wish, desire, pray for; choose, opt for. Atque /ac (conj.): and. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on (denoting a position); (with acc.) into, onto, on (denoting a direction). Praeteritā is the feminine ablative singular form of praeteritus/praeterita/praeteritum (1/2): past, bygone—originally the perfect passive participle (passed by) of praetereō, praeterīre, praeteriī/praeterīvī, praeteritum (irreg.): to pass by. Sē: itself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Tōtus /tōta/tōtum (1/2, irreg.): whole, entire, complete, all, in its entirety. Imāgine is the ablative singular form of imāgō, imāginis (3f): image, picture, sight, vision. Versat is the third person singular form of versō, versāre, versāvī, versātum (1): to turn around, move around, cause to spin or revolve, etc. ; turn over in the mind, ponder; focus or center (the mind) on.

(He faked it so well it became real.) Quantum is the accusative form of quantum, quantī (interrog. pron. , here used in an exclamatory way): how much? Cūra, cūrae (1f): care, attention; worry. Potest is the third person singular form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can; (with an accusative object in the form of a neuter pronoun or “word of amount” like quantum) be capable of, have (a specified amount of) power or influence. Et (conj.): and. Ars, artis (3f): art, craft, skill, technique; trade, profession; artifice, trick, stratagem. Dolor, dolōris (3m): pain; grief, sorrow. Dēsīt is a contraction of dēsiit, the third person singular perfect form of dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to desist, cease, stop. Fingō, fingere, fīnxī, fictum (3): to shape, form, mold, fashion; make, devise, create; make up, invent; imagine; fake, pretend. Caelius /Caelia/Caelium (1/2): a family name. Podagram is the accusative singular form of podagra, podagrae (1f): gout.

Quasi (conj.): as if, as, like (the meaning as if often goes with a subjunctive verb). Vērō (adv. and particle): truly, really, indeed; actually; but, on the other hand, however; and, moreover; for my/your/his/etc. part. Mēnsūram is the accusative singular form of mēnsūra, mēnsūrae (1f): measurement; measure; dimension; amount. Ūllīus is the m/f/n genitive singular form of ūllus/ūlla/ūllum (1/2, irreg.): any. Rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; event; fact; property. Possit is the third person singular subjunctive form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can (subjunctive because it’s hypothetical, dependent on quasi). Agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, perform, achieve, transact, manage, conduct, deal with; act, behave; spend (time or life); discuss, talk (about); plead (a case, in court, etc.). Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Suī: of himself—the genitive form of the reflexive pronoun. Nesciat is the third person singular subjunctive form of nesciō, nescīre, nescīvī/nesciī, nescītum (4): not to know (this verb is attracted into the subjunctive because its clause—the relative clause introduced by quī — is dependent on a hypothetical).

Nīl (contraction of nihil; n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Admīror, admīrārī, admīrātus sum (1, deponent): to be surprised, be astonished, wonder, marvel (at); admire. Prope (adv.): near; nearly, almost, about, pretty much. Rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; event; fact; property. Est: is. Ūnus/ ūna /ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one; alone; only, sole, single. Numīcī is the masculine vocative singular form of the family name Numīcius/Numīcia/Numīcium (1/2). Sōlaque: sōlus/ sōla /sōlum (1/2, irreg.): alone; only, sole, single; the enclitic conjunction – que adds and. Quī/ quae /quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Possit is the third person singular subjunctive form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can (subjunctive because it’s in a relative clause of characteristic). Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Et (conj.): and. Servō, servāre, servāvī, servātum (1): to watch; guard, watch over; save; protect; keep. Beātum is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of beātus/beāta/beātum (1/2): happy, blessed, fortunate.

Nēmō, nēminis (3m): no one. Satis (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only; here acc.): a sufficient thing or amount, enough. Crēdit is the third person singular form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe, think, suppose, consider. Tantum (adv.): so much, as much; only. Dēlinquō, dēlinquere, dēlīquī, dēlictum (3): to misbehave, do wrong, commit a fault. Quantum (rel. adv.): (as much) as. Permittās is the second person singular subjunctive form of permittō, permittere, permīsī, permissum (3): to let go of; permit, allow; entrust, commit; leave (to someone to deal with) (subjunctive because the subject is a general you).

Quasi (conj.): as if, as, like (the meaning as if often goes with a subjunctive verb). Vērō (adv. and particle): truly, really, indeed; actually; but, on the other hand, however; and, moreover; for my/your/his/etc. part. Fortī is the m/f/n dative singular form of fortis/fortis/forte (3): brave; strong. Virō is the dative singular form of vir, virī (2m): man. Vīs, vīs (3f, irreg.): force, power, energy, potency; violence; constraint; strength; (large) number or amount; meaning; the essence or nature of a thing. Possit is the third person singular subjunctive form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Adhibērī is the passive infinitive form of adhibeō, adhibēre, adhibuī, adhibitum (2): to apply; use; bring in, call in; consult.

Sōlus/sōla/ sōlum (1/2, irreg.): alone; only, sole, single. Certus/certa/ certum (1/2): fixed, set, settled, predetermined, definite; sure, certain; confident; unerring; reliable, dependable; firm, steady. Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Esse: to be. Certī is the m/n (here n) genitive singular form of certus/certa/certum (1/2): fixed, set, settled, predetermined, definite; sure, certain; confident; unerring; reliable, dependable; firm, steady (a partitive genitive). Et (conj.): and. Homine is the ablative singular form of homō, hominis (3m): man, human being (the ablative of comparison). Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Miserius is the neuter accusative singular form of miserior/miserior/miserius (3): more miserable—the comparative form of miser/misera/miserum (1/2): miserable, pitiful, wretched. Aut (conj.): or. Superbius is the neuter accusative singular form of superbior/superbior/superbius (3): more arrogant—the comparative form of superbus/superba/superbum (1/2): proud, haughty, arrogant, conceited, overbearing; grand, sumptuous.

Tantum is the accusative form of tantum, tantī (pron.): so great an amount, so much; this amount, this much; as great an amount, as much. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from, of; according to (takes the ablative). Pūblicīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of pūblicus/pūblica/pūblicum (1/2): belonging to the state or the general public; public, general, common. Malīs is the ablative plural form of malum, malī (2n): a bad thing; evil; trouble, ill, misfortune, disaster. Sentīmus is the first person plural form of sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsum (4): to feel; think. Quantum, quantī (rel. pron.): (as much) as, (as great an amount) as. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at; for (the purpose of) (takes the accusative). Prīvātās is the feminine accusative plural form of prīvātus/prīvāta/prīvātum (1/2): private, personal, belonging or applying to a private individual; not holding public office. Rēs is the accusative plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; event; fact; property; interest. Pertinet is the third person singular form of pertineō, pertinēre, pertinuī, — (2): to extend (to a certain point in space); pertain, apply, refer, belong, have to do with, be about, matter (to), aim (at) (it’s typically combined with the preposition ad).

Ut (rel. adv.): as; when. Ōlim (adv.): once (upon a time), in the past; one day, in the future; for a long time already. Flāgitiīs is the ablative plural form of flāgitium, flāgitiī (2n): disgrace, scandal; disgraceful act, offense to morals, outrageous conduct or an instance of it. Sīc (adv.): thus, so, in this/that way, in such manner; yes. Nunc (adv.): now. Lēgibus is the ablative plural form of lēx, lēgis (3f): law. Labōrāmus is the first person plural form of labōrō, labōrāre, labōrāvī, labōrātum (1): to labor, toil; strive; suffer; be in trouble.

Ut (rel. adv.): as; when. Omnium is the m/f/n genitive plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Rērum is the genitive plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; event; fact; property. Sīc (adv.): thus, so, in this/that way, in such manner; yes. Litterārum is the genitive plural form of littera, litterae (1f): (in the singular) letter (of the alphabet); (in the plural) letter (sent to someone); literature; literacy; learning, erudition. Quoque (adv.): too, as well. Intemperantiā is the ablative singular form of intemperantia, intemperantiae (1f): intemperance, overindulgence, excess, lack of restraint, lack of moderation, immoderation. Labōrāmus is the first person plural form of labōrō, labōrāre, labōrāvī, labōrātum (1): to labor, toil; strive; suffer; be in trouble.

(The lover speaking to the husband. Difficulty is what makes the affair interesting.) Nisi (conj.): if not, unless; except. Tū: you. Servō, servāre, servāvī, servātum (1): to watch; guard, watch over; save; protect; keep. Puellam is the accusative singular form of puella, puellae (1f): girl. Incipis is the second person singular form of incipiō, incipere, incēpī, inceptum (3, –iō): to begin, start. Incipiet is the third person singular future form of incipiō, incipere, incēpī, inceptum (3, –iō): to begin, start. Dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to cease, stop. Esse: to be. Meus/ mea /meum (1/2): my, mine.

Nēquicquam (adv. — nēquīquam): in vain, to no avail, to no effect, to no purpose. Sapiō, sapere, sapīvī, — (3, –iō): to have a certain taste, taste of, smack of; have good sense or discernment; be wise. Sapientem is the accusative singular form of sapiēns, sapientis (3m): wise man, sage (a substantive use of the present active participle of sapiō). Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ipse /ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/etc. ; in person; the very. Sibi: to himself—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuī, prōfutūrus (irreg.): to benefit, avail, do good, be useful, be helpful (takes a dative object). Nōn: not. Quīret is the third person singular imperfect subjunctive form of queō, quīre, quīvī/quiī, quitum (irreg.): to be able, can (subjunctive because it’s the verb of a subordinate clause that forms part of reported speech).

Sunt: there are. Quī is the masculine nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Suādent is the third person plural form of suādeō, suādēre, suāsī, suāsum (2): to recommend, advise. Quam (rel. adv.): as; than. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Sē: themselves—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Imitor, imitārī, imitātus sum (1, deponent): to imitate; copy. Possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Cōnfīdunt is the third person plural form of cōnfīdō, cōnfīdere, cōnfīsus sum (3, semi-deponent): to be confident, believe confidently; trust, rely on (+ dat. or abl.).

Ubi (rel. adv.): where; when. Velīs is the second person singular subjunctive form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish (subjunctive because the subject is a general you). Nōlunt is the third person plural form of nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, — (irreg.): to be unwilling, refuse, not want, not wish. Ubi (rel. adv.): where; when. Nōlīs is the second person singular subjunctive form of nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, — (irreg.): to be unwilling, refuse, not want, not wish (subjunctive because the subject is a general you). Volunt is the third person plural form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish. Ultrō (adv.): to a point farther off, away; without being asked, spontaneously, of one’s own accord. Concessā is the feminine ablative singular form of concessus/concessa/concessum (1/2), the perfect passive participle of concēdō, concēdere, concessī, concessum (3): to depart, withdraw; make way, give place; yield; concede, grant, allow. Pudet is the third person singular form of pudeō, pudēre, puduī, puditum (2): (personally, rare) to feel ashamed; (impersonally, the more common usage) it causes shame, there is shame, one feels shame (the person feeling shame, if mentioned, goes in the accusative). Eō, īre, iī/īvī, itum (irreg.): to go. Viā is the ablative singular form of via, viae (1f): road, way.

Postquam (conj.): after. Cupidae is the feminine genitive singular form of cupidus/cupida/cupidum (1/2): eager, longing; greedy, avaricious; lustful, lecherous. Mēns, mentis (3f): mind; frame of mind, attitude, disposition; purpose, intention. Satiāta (est) is the third person feminine singular perfect passive form of satiō, satiāre, satiāvī, satiātum (1): to sate, satiate, satisfy. Libīdō, libīdinis (3f): desire, longing, craving; lust. Est: (see satiāta). Verba is the accusative plural form of verbum, verbī (2n): word; phrase, expression, saying, proverb; verb. Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing; (used adverbially in the accusative) with respect to nothing, in no respect, not at all. Metuēre is the third person plural perfect form of metuō, metuere, metuī, metūtum (3): to fear, be afraid, dread. The perfect tense is sometimes used to denote general truths; e. g. , this has never happened—so it never happens, generally. This is called the gnomic perfect. Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing; (used adverbially in the accusative) with respect to nothing, in no respect, not at all. Periūria is the accusative plural form of periūrium, periūriī (2n): false oath, perjury. Cūrant is the third person plural form of cūrō, cūrāre, cūrāvī, cūrātum (1): to attend to, look after, care (for or about); cure.

Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Perinde (adv.): according to the manner or degree (in which), according (as), just (as), likewise (it’s often combined with a word such as ut, corresponding to as and the like). Sunt: (they) are. Ut (rel. adv.): as; when. Illīus is the m/f/n genitive singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one, the one; he, she, it. Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ea is the neuter accusative plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that, the one. Possidet is the third person singular form of possideō, possidēre, possēdī, possessum (2): to own, possess. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum (3, deponent): to use. Scit is the third person singular form of sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know; know how (to). Eī is the m/f/n dative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that, the one. Bona is the neuter nominative plural form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Illī is the m/f/n dative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one, the one; he, she, it. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Nōn: not. Ūtitur is the third person singular form of ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum (3, deponent): to use. Rēctē (adv.): right(ly), correctly. Mala is the neuter nominative plural form of malus/mala/malum (1/2): bad.

Dēmocritus, Dēmocritī (2m): Democritus (pre-Socratic Greek philosopher). Pecus, pecoris (3n): livestock, cattle. Ēdit is the third person singular perfect form of edō, ēsse, ēdī, ēsum (3, irreg.): to eat. Agellōs is the accusative plural form of agellus, agellī (2m): a small plot of land, a little field. Cultaque: culta is the accusative form of culta, cultōrum (2n, plural only): cultivated lands (a substantive use of cultus/culta/cultum (1/2), the perfect passive participle of colō, colere, coluī, cultum (3): to inhabit; cultivate; worship); the enclitic conjunction – que adds and. Dum (conj.): while, as; until; as long as, provided that (the meaning while, as typically takes present-tense verbs even when referring to the past). Peregrē (adv.): abroad. Est: is. Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit. Sine (prep.): without (takes the ablative). Corpore is the ablative singular form of corpus, corporis (3n): body. Vēlōx, vēlōcis (3, adj.): fast, swift.

Īnsānī is the m/n (here m) genitive singular form of īnsānus/īnsāna/īnsānum (1/2): mad, insane. Sapiēns, sapientis (3, adj. and 3m noun): wise; wise man, sage. Nōmen is the accusative singular form of nōmen, nōminis (3n): name. Ferat is the third person singular subjunctive form of ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum (3, irreg.): to carry, bear; endure (a potential subjunctive). Aequus /aequa/aequum (1/2): level, flat, even; equal; equitable, just, fair. Inīquī is the m/n genitive singular form of inīquus/inīqua/inīquum (1/2): uneven; unequal; inequitable, unjust, unfair. Ultrā (adv.): beyond, farther. Quam (rel. adv.): as; than. Satis (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only; here nom.): a sufficient thing or amount, enough. Est: is. Virtūtem is the accusative singular form of virtūs, virtūtis (3f): virtue, moral excellence; a good quality of a person of thing; courage, valor. Sī (conj.): if. Petat is the third person singular subjunctive form of petō, petere, petīvī/petiī, petītum (3): to direct one’s course to, make for; aim at; go for, attack; seek; pursue; ask. Ipsam is the feminine accusative singular form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/etc. ; in person; the very. The verbs are subjunctive because they denote potential situations—as part of a future-less-vivid conditional statement.

Licet, licēre, licuit/licitum est (2, impersonal): it is allowed, it is permitted, it is permissible or possible. Licet is sometimes used virtually as a conjunction with the meaning although or even if. It then usually takes a subjunctive verb. Here we have a mixture of usages: licet goes with an infinitive (vincere) but conveys an idea similar to its use as a conjunction. Quot (indeclinable adj.): (as many) as. Vīs is the second person singular form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish. Vīvendō is the ablative gerund of vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live. Vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum (3): to conquer, beat, defeat, overcome; surpass; outlast; win, be victorious. Sēcla is the accusative plural form of sēclum, sēclī (2n—also sēculum or, more classically, saec(u)lum): generation; lifetime; age; century. Mors, mortis (3f): death. Aeternus/ aeterna /aeternum (1/2): eternal, everlasting. Tamen (adv.): yet, still, nevertheless, nonetheless. Nihilōminus (adv.): nonetheless, nevertheless. Ille/ illa /illud (adj.): that. Manēbit is the third person singular future form of maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsum (2): to stay, remain; wait (for), await.

Ita (adv.): so, thus, in this way, in that way, in such a way; yes. Fīnitima is the neuter nominative plural form of fīnitimus/fīnitima/fīnitimum (1/2): neighboring, adjacent. Sunt: (they) are. Falsa is the neuter nominative plural form of falsus/falsa/falsum (1/2): false; (neuter used substantively) a false thing, falsehood. Vērīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of vērus/vēra/vērum (1/2): true; real; (neuter used substantively) a true or real thing, truth, fact, reality. Ut (conj. , with subjunctive): that, so that. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Praecipitem is the m/f accusative singular form of praeceps, praecipitis (3, adj.): headlong; falling or rushing headlong; very steep, sheer, precipitous; acting precipitately. Locum is the accusative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place, spot, location. Nōn: not. Dēbeat is the third person singular subjunctive form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, should. Sē: himself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Sapiēns, sapientis (3m): wise man, sage. Committō, committere, commīsī, commissum (3): to bring into contact, join, connect; engage (forces in battle); begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate; commit, entrust.

Rēctē (adv.): right(ly), correctly; righteously. Factī is the m/n genitive singular form of factus/facta/factum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (having been done) of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make (neuter used substantively to mean something that has been done). Fēcisse is the perfect infinitive form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Mercēs, mercēdis (3f): payment, wage, reward. Est: is. Officium, officiī (2n): duty, obligation; service; function. Frūctus, frūctūs (4m): fruit; product; profit; enjoyment. Ipse/ipsa/ ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/etc. ; in person; the very. Officium, officiī (2n): duty, obligation; service; function. Est: is.

Tibi is the dative form of tū: you. Quod here could be taken as a conjunction: quod (conj.): that; the fact that; as for the fact that; in respect to the fact that; in that; because; or it could be taken as a relative pronoun: quī/quae/ quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Superest is the third person singular form of supersum, superesse, superfuī, superfutūrus (irreg.): to be left, remain; remain alive; be present in abundance or excess, be superfluous; be higher. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I. Quod here could be taken as a conjunction: quod (conj.): that; the fact that; as for the fact that; in respect to the fact that; in that; because; or it could be taken as a relative pronoun: quī/quae/ quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Dēfit is the third person singular form of dēfīō, dēfierī, —, — (irreg.): to run out, be lacking, fail (with dative of the person left short of supply). Dolet is the third person singular form of doleō, dolēre, doluī, dolitum (2): to suffer, be in pain; grieve (for); hurt; be painful, cause pain.

Eōdem is the m/n ablative singular form of īdem/eadem/idem (adj.): the same. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Vitiō is the ablative singular form of vitium, vitiī (2n): vice, fault, flaw, defect. Est: is. Effūsiō, effūsiōnis (3f): a discharging of fluid; outpouring, effusion; immoderate expression of feelings; lavish expenditure. Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul, spirit. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Laetitiā is the ablative singular form of laetitia, laetitiae (1f): joy. Quō is the m/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Dolōre is the ablative singular form of dolor, dolōris (3m): pain; grief, sorrow. Contractiō, contractiōnis (3f): the act of contracting, contraction; compression; (with animī) a contraction or shrinking of the mind due to mental suffering, dejection.

Omnium is the m/f/n genitive plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Rērum is the genitive plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; event; fact; property. Voluptās, voluptātis (3f): pleasure. Ipsō is the m/n ablative singular form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/etc. ; in person; the very. Quō is the m/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Dēbet is the third person singular form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought, should. Fugō, fugāre, fugāvī, fugātum (1): to cause to flee, put to flight, rout; frighten off, scare away, deter. Perīculō is the ablative singular form of perīculum, perīculī (2n): test, trial, experiment; danger, risk, peril. Crēscit is the third person singular form of crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum (3): to get bigger, grow, increase.

(Life is talking to a man who complains about having to die: If you enjoyed it, why don’t you leave content like a sated guest after a good feast? If you didn’t enjoy it, why aren’t you glad for it to end? I can’t offer anything better.) Nam (particle): for. Tibi is the dative form of tū: you. Praetereā (adv.): besides that, in addition, moreover, furthermore, besides. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Māchiner is the first person singular subjunctive form of māchinor, māchinārī, māchinātus sum (1, deponent): to contrive, devise; plot. Inveniamque: inveniam is the first person singular subjunctive form of inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum (4): to find; discover; invent; the enclitic conjunction – que adds and. Quī/quae/ quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Placeat is the third person singular subjunctive form of placeō, placēre, placuī, placitum (2): to be pleasing, seem good, please, meet with approval. Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Est: there is. Eadem is the neuter nominative plural form of īdem/eadem/idem (pron. or adj.): the same. Sunt: (they) are. Omnia is the neuter nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (n. pl. used substantively) all things, everything. Semper (adv.): always. The verbs māchiner, inveniam and placeat are subjunctive because they’re in relative clauses of purpose or characteristic.

Dēnique (adv.): finally, at last, in the end; in short; at worst; in fact, indeed. Nīl (contraction of nihil; n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Scīrī is the passive infinitive form of sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know. Sī (conj.): if. Quis /qua/quid (indef. pron.): anyone, anything; someone, something (it replaces aliquis/aliqua/aliquid in some contexts, especially after sī, nisi, num and nē). Putat is the third person singular form of putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum (1): to think, suppose, regard as. Id is the neuter accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Quoque (adv.): too, as well; even. Nescit is the third person singular form of nesciō, nescīre, nescīvī/nesciī, nescītum (4): to not know. An (interrog. particle): or (in a question); whether, if (in an indirect question); it can also start a direct question. Scīrī is the passive infinitive form of sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know. Possit is the third person singular subjunctive form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Quoniam (conj.): now that; seeing that, since, inasmuch as; because. Nīl (contraction of nihil; n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know. Fatētur is the third person singular form of fateor, fatērī, fassus sum (2, deponent): to confess, admit, acknowledge.

Suāvis/suāvis/ suāve (3): sweet; delightful. Marī is the ablative singular form of mare, maris (3n): sea. Magnō is the m/n ablative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): big, large, great, vast. Turbantibus is the m/f/n ablative plural form of turbāns, turbantis (3), the present active participle of turbō, turbāre, turbāvī, turbātum (1): to cause a disturbance; agitate, stir up; disturb, upset. Aequora is the accusative plural form of aequor, aequoris (3n): even surface; sea; the surface or waters of the sea (or occasionally of other bodies of water). Ventīs is the ablative plural form of ventus, ventī (2m): wind. Turbantibus. . . ventīs is an ablative absolute. Ex/ ē (prep.): out of, from; according to (takes the ablative). Terrā is the ablative singular form of terra, terrae (1f): land; earth. Magnum is the m/n accusative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): big, large, great, vast. Alterius is the m/f/n genitive singular form of alter/altera/alterum (1/2, irreg.): the other, the second; another, a second; one of two. Spectō, spectāre, spectāvī, spectātum (1): to watch, look at. Labōrem is the accusative singular form of labor, labōris (3m): work, toil, labor, effort; trouble, hardship, suffering.

Omnem is the m/f accusative singular form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every, each. Crēde is the singular imperative form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe. Diem is the accusative singular form of diēs, diēī (5 m/f): day. Tibi is the dative form of tū: you. Dīlūxisse is the perfect infinitive form of dīlūcēscō, dīlūcēscere, dīlūxī, — (3): to dawn, grow light. Suprēmum is the m/n accusative singular form of suprēmus/suprēma/suprēmum (1/2): topmost, highest; supreme; extreme; last, final. Grātus/ grāta /grātum (1/2): grateful, thankful; received with gratitude, appreciated; enjoying favor, welcome, popular; pleasing, agreeable. Superveniet is the third person singular future form of superveniō, supervenīre, supervēnī, superventum (4): to come on top or in addition, supervene; come up. Quī/ quae /quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Nōn: not. Spērābitur is the third person singular future passive form of spērō, spērāre, spērāvī, spērātum (1): to hope (for). Hōra, hōrae (1f): hour.

Quī/ quae /quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Quia (conj.): because. Nōn: not. Liceat is the third person singular subjunctive form of licet, licēre, licuit/licitum est (2): it is allowed, it is permitted, it is possible. Quia typically takes an indicative verb but it can take the subjunctive when introducing a supposed reason. The nuance is sometimes slight, or even absent in later authors. In this line, it’s possible that Ovid’s use of the subjunctive was mostly motivated by the meter. Nōn: not. Facit is the third person singular form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Ille/ illa /illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Facit is the third person singular form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make.

Invītum is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of invītus/invīta/invītum (1/2): unwilling. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Servat is the third person singular form of servō, servāre, servāvī, servātum (1): to watch; guard, watch over; save; protect; keep. Idem is the neuter accusative singular form of īdem/eadem/idem (pron.): the same (it’s occasionally combined with a dative word to express the idea “the same as”). Facit is the third person singular form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make, create. Occīdentī is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of occīdēns, occīdentis (3), the present active participle of occīdō, occīdere, occīdī, occīsum (3): to kill.

Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Est: (there) is. Turpior/turpior/ turpius (3): uglier, more foul; more shameful, more disgraceful—the comparative form of turpis/turpis/turpe (3): ugly, foul; shameful, disgraceful. Quam (rel. adv.): as; than. Cognitiōnī is the dative singular form of cognitiō, cognitiōnis (3f): the acquiring of knowledge; knowledge; investigation. Et (conj.): and. Perceptiōnī is the dative singular form of perceptiō, perceptiōnis (3f): the act of gathering; perception, mental grasp. Assertiōnem is the accusative singular form of assertiō, assertiōnis (3f—also adsertiō): (classically) the act of claiming someone as a free person or a slave; (in late Latin) assertion. Approbātiōnemque: approbātiōnem is the accusative singular form of approbātiō, approbātiōnis (3f—also adprobātiō): approbation, approval, agreement, assent; proof, confirmation; the enclitic conjunction – que adds and. Praecurrō, praecurrere, praecurrī/praecucurrī, praecursum (3): to run in front, hurry on ahead; precede; anticipate; forestall; surpass (it can take a dative object).

Dedit is the third person singular perfect form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give. Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Prōvidentia, prōvidentiae (1f): foresight; providence. Hominibus is the dative plural form of homō, hominis (3m): man, human being, human, person. Mūnus is the accusative singular form of mūnus, mūneris (3n): function, work, job; gift; favor, kindness, service. Ut (conj. , with subjunctive): that, so that. Honesta is the neuter nominative plural form of honestus/honesta/honestum (1/2): honorable. Magis (adv.): more. Iuvārent is the third person plural imperfect subjunctive form of iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtum (1): to help, aid, assist; benefit, avail; delight, gratify, please, give pleasure, be pleasurable.

(He was seasick.) Peius (adv.): worse, in a worse manner—the comparative form of male (adv.): badly. Vexābar is the first person singular imperfect passive form of vexō, vexāre, vexāvī, vexātum (1): to buffet; vex, trouble, distress, afflict, harass. Quam (rel. adv.): as; than. Ut (conj. , with subjunctive): that, so that, in such a way that. Perīculum, perīculī (2n): test, trial, experiment; danger, risk, peril. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I. Succurreret is the third person singular imperfect subjunctive form of succurrō, succurrere, succurrī, succursum (3): to run under; run or hasten to the rescue of; help, rescue, assist; occur (to one’s mind) (takes a dative object).

Nam (particle): for. Quīcumque/quaecumque/ quodcumque (rel. pron.): whoever, whatever. Suīs: from its (own)—the m/f/n ablative plural form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Mūtātus/mūtāta/ mūtātum (1/2) is the perfect passive participle of mūtō, mūtāre, mūtāvī, mūtātum (1): to change, transform. Fīnibus is the ablative plural form of fīnis, fīnis (3m): boundary, bound, limit; end, ending; the farthest limit or culminating point (of anything); aim, goal, target, purpose, object; (in pl.) territory. Exit is the third person singular form of exeō, exīre, exīvī/exiī, exitum (irreg.): to go out, exit. Continuō (adv.): at once, immediately; without further evidence; necessarily, in consequence. Hic/haec/ hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Mors, mortis (3f): death. Est: is. Illīus is the m/f/n genitive singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Quī/quae/ quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Fuit is the third person singular perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Ante (adv.): before, earlier, previously.

Nōn: not. Tam (adv.): so (much), to such a degree, as. Omnia is the neuter accusative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (n. pl. used substantively) all things, everything. Ūniversī is the masculine nominative plural form of ūniversus/ūniversa/ūniversum (1/2): whole, entire, all collectively; general, universal. Quam (rel. adv.): as; than. Ea is the neuter accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Quae is the f/n nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at; for (the purpose of) (takes the accusative). Quemque is the masculine accusative singular form of quisque/quaeque/quidque (pron.): each, each one, each person, each thing; every or any single one/person/thing. Pertinerent is the third person plural imperfect subjunctive form of pertineō, pertinēre, pertinuī, — (2): to extend (to a certain point in space); pertain, apply, refer, belong, have to do with, be about, matter (to), aim (at) (it’s typically combined with the preposition ad) (subjunctive because it’s in a relative clause of characteristic). Singulī is the masculine nominative plural form of singulus/singula/singulum (1/2): taken individually, single, separate, isolated, individual; (in pl. only) one each, one by one, one at a time, each individually, every single. Carpēbant is the third person plural imperfect form of carpō, carpere, carpsī, carptum (3): to pluck; seize; pluck away, eat away, erode; criticize, carp at.

Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Relegō, relegere, relēgī, relēctum (3): to pick up again; re-read; go over. Scrīpsisse is the perfect infinitive form of scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptum (3): to write. Pudet is the third person singular form of pudeō, pudēre, puduī, puditum (2): (personally, rare) to feel ashamed; (impersonally, the more common usage) it causes shame, there is shame, one feels shame (the person feeling shame, if mentioned, goes in the accusative). Quia (conj.): because. Plūrima is the neuter accusative plural form of plūrimus/plūrima/plūrimum (1/2): most, very much, very many, a great many, a very large amount or number of. Cernō, cernere, crēvī, crētum (3): to sift; decide, determine; discern, distinguish, see, perceive. Mē is the ablative form of ego: I. Quoque (adv.): too, as well; even. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make, create. Iūdice is the ablative singular form of iūdex, iūdicis (3m/f): judge, juror. Mē iūdice is an ablative absolute. Digna is the neuter accusative plural form of dignus/digna/dignum (1/2): worthy, deserving; suitable. Linī is the passive infinitive form of linō, linere, lēvī, litum (3): to smear; rub over, erase.

Quia (conj.): because. Quisquis/ quicquid (rel. pron. —the neuter form is also spelled quidquid): whoever, whatever. Imperiō is the ablative singular form of imperium, imperiī (2n): (supreme) power, authority, rule, sway, command, dominion, or a position involving such power (often a military command); command, order; empire. Cōgitur is the third person singular passive form of cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum (3): to drive or bring together, round up, gather, collect; force, compel; obtain forcibly, obtain by constraint. Exigentī is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of exigēns, exigentis (3), the present active participle of exigō, exigere, exēgī, exāctum (3): to drive out; demand, require, exact; inquire into, examine; spend, pass (time); achieve, complete. Magis (adv.): more; rather. Quam (rel. adv.): as; than. Praestantī is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of praestāns, praestantis (3), the present active participle of praestō, praestāre, praestitī/praestāvī, praestātum/praestitum (1): to excel, be better or best; offer, furnish, provide; fulfill, perform; show. Acceptus/accepta/ acceptum (1/2) is the perfect passive participle of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3, –iō): to receive, accept, take. Refertur is the third person singular passive form of referō, referre, rettulī, relātum (3, irreg.): to bring back; give back, return, restore; move back, withdraw; trace back, refer, ascribe, relate; assign (to a category); report, register, record, enter (in a register, account book, or the like); mention, relate, recall in speech or writing. Acceptum referre is a set phrase meaning to enter/record something (such as a sum of money) as received; it’s also used figuratively to mean that something is regarded as owed/due to someone/something, is put down to someone/something. The person who gave the thing/money, or the person/thing to whom/which a thing is due etc. , goes in the dative.

(Self-indulgence is speaking.) Carpāmus is the first person plural subjunctive form of carpō, carpere, carpsī, carptum (3): to pluck, seize (a hortatory subjunctive). Dulcia is the neuter accusative plural form of dulcis/dulcis/dulce (3): sweet. Noster/nostra/ nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Est: is. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Vīvis is the second person singular form of vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live. Cinis, cineris (2m, more rarely f): ash. Et (conj.): and. Mānēs, mānium (3m, plural only): the spirits/shades of the dead; the spirit/shade of a dead person; a ghost or ghosts. Et (conj.): and. Fābula, fābulae (1f): talk, gossip; story, tale, fable; play (in the theater). Fīēs is the second person singular future form of fīō, fierī, —, — (irreg.): to be done; be made; happen; come into being; become.

Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Mōrōsus/ mōrōsa /mōrōsum (1/2): difficult to please, exacting, persnickety, captious. Vagō is the m/n ablative singular form of vagus/vaga/vagum (1/2): wandering; moving at random; erratic; inconstant, fickle. Singultiet is the third person singular future form of singultiō, singultīre, —, — (4): to hiccup; gasp; sob; throb. Inguine is the ablative singular form of inguen, inguinis (3n): groin. Vēna, vēnae (1f): vein. Coniicitō (also written conicitō; in either case it’s pronounced something like con-yick-it-o) is the singular future imperative form of con(i)iciō, con(i)icere, coniēcī, coniectum (3, –iō): to throw together; throw; shoot, hurl; insert; direct; guess. Hūmōrem is the accusative singular form of hūmor, hūmōris (3m—also ūmor): moisture; fluid, liquid. Collēctum is the m/n accusative singular form of collēctus/collēcta/collēctum (1/2), the perfect passive participle of colligō, colligere, collēgī, collēctum (3): to gather, assemble, collect, accumulate. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Corpora is the accusative plural form of corpus, corporis (3n): body. Quaeque is the neuter accusative plural form of quisque/quaeque/quodque (adj.): each, every single, every; any single, any, whatever.

Pinguis /pinguis/pingue (3): fat, plump; luxuriant; fertile; comfortable, easeful. Amor, amōris (3m): love. Nimiumque: nimium (adv.): too (much), excessively; the enclitic conjunction – que adds and. Patēns, patentis (3, adj.): open, wide open, gaping; obvious; easily accessed or obtained—originally the present active participle of pateō, patēre, patuī, — (2): to be open, gape; be exposed; be obvious; be readily accessible or available. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Taedia is the accusative plural form of taedium, taediī (2n): weariness; boredom; disgust; loathsomeness; nuisance. Nōbīs is the dative form of nōs: we. Vertitur is the third person singular passive form of vertō, vertere, vertī, versum (3): to turn (the reflexive passive). Et (conj.) and. Stomachō is the dative singular form of stomachus, stomachī (2m): stomach; displeasure, vexation. Dulcis/ dulcis /dulce (3): sweet. Ut (rel. adv.): as; when. Ēsca, ēscae (1f): food. Nocet is the third person singular form of noceō, nocēre, nocuī, nocitum (2): to be harmful, harm, hurt, injure (takes a dative object).

Ut (rel. adv.): as; when. Quisque /quaeque/quidque (pron.): each, each one, each person, each thing; every or any single one/person/thing. Fortūnā is the ablative singular form of fortūna, fortūnae (1f): fortune, chance, luck. Ūtitur is the third person singular form of ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum (3, deponent): to use, employ; treat; experience, undergo, enjoy; find (someone/something to be so and so in respect to oneself), have (a person with a certain quality in a certain capacity) (takes an ablative object). Ita (adv.): so, thus, in this way, in that way, in such a way. Praecellet is the third person singular form of praecellō, praecellere, —, — (3): to excel. Atque /ac (conj.): and, and also, and then. Exinde (adv.): thereupon, next, thereafter, subsequently; in the same measure, according (as = ut or a similar word). Sapiō, sapere, sapīvī, — (3, –iō): to have a certain taste, taste of, smack of; have good sense or discernment; be wise. Illum is the masculine accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she it. Omnēs is the m/f (here m) nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Dīcimus is the first person plural form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say.

Parem is the m/f accusative singular form of pār, paris (3, adj.): equal, similar, comparable, well-matched, even. Passīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of passus/passa/passum (1/2), the perfect active participle of patior, patī, passus sum (3, deponent): to undergo, suffer, endure; allow. Trīstitiam is the accusative singular form of trīstitia, trīstitiae (1f): unhappiness, despondency; gloom; moroseness; sternness. Facit is the third person singular form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make, create. Patior, patī, passus sum (3, deponent): to undergo, suffer, endure; allow. Possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can.

Omnia is the neuter nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (n. pl. used substantively) all things, everything. Nōn: not. Pariter (adv.): equally; in the same manner; at the same time; together. Rērum is the genitive plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; event; fact; property. Sunt: (they) are. Omnibus is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (m. pl. used substantively) all people, everyone. Apta is the neuter nominative plural form of aptus/apta/aptum (1/2): tied, fastened, attached; joined, linked, connected; equipped, furnished, fitted (with something); fitted, suited, fitting, suitable, apt.

Mediō is the m/n ablative singular form of medius/media/medium (1/2): middle (this adjective is often found where English would use middle as a noun followed by of). Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Fonte is the ablative singular form of fōns, fontis (3m): spring, source. Lepōrum is the genitive plural form of lepōs, lepōrum (3m): charm, grace, attractiveness, pleasantness. Surgit is the third person singular form of surgō, surgere, surrēxī, surrēctum (3): to rise, get up, stand up, arise. Amārī is the m/n (here n) genitive singular form of amārus/amāra/amārum (1/2): bitter (a partitive genitive). Aliquid is the neuter accusative singular form of aliquis/aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, something; anyone, anything. Quī/quae/ quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Ipsīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself, etc. ; in person; the very. Flōribus is the ablative plural form of flōs, flōris (3m): flower. Angat is the third person singular subjunctive form of angō, angere, ānxī, ānctum (3): to throttle, strangle; distress, afflict (subjunctive because it’s in a relative clause of characteristic).

Nīl (contraction of nihil; n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Adeō (adv.): to this point, so (much), to such an extent; in addition, besides, moreover; indeed, actually, in fact. Magnus/magna/ magnum (1/2): big, large, great. Neque/ nec: (as conj.) and not, nor; (as adv.) neither, not either, not even. Tam (adv.): so (much), to such an extent. Mīrābilis/mīrābilis/ mīrābile (3): wonderful, marvelous. Quisquam/ quidquam (pron. ; the neuter form is also spelled quicquam): anyone, anything. Nīl and quidquam can be read separately: nothing is. . . nor is anything. . . ; but nīl and quidquam put together can also form a set phrase meaning nothing whatsoever. Prīncipiō is the ablative singular form of prīncipium, prīncipiī (2n): beginning, start. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Nōn: not. Minuant is the third person plural subjunctive form of minuō, minuere, minuī, minūtum (3): to make smaller, lessen, decrease, diminish; here we have a rare usage where this verbs means to start doing something ( = infinitive) less (it’s subjunctive because it’s in a relative clause of result). Mīrārier is an archaic variant of mīrārī; mīror, mīrārī, mīrātus sum (1, deponent): to be surprised, wonder, marvel (at); admire. Omnēs is the m/f (here m) nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (m. pl. used substantively) all people, everyone. Paullātim (adv. —also paulātim): little by little, gradually.

Nōnne: nōn: not; the enclitic interrogative particle – ne turns the word into part of a question. Vidēmus is the first person plural form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. Nīl (contraction of nihil; n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Aliud is the neuter accusative singular form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another, else. Sibi: for itself—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Nātūram is the accusative singular form of nātūra, nātūrae (1f): nature. Lātrō, lātrāre, lātrāvī, lātrātum (1): to bark; clamor (for = accusative). Nisi (conj.): if not, unless; except. Ut (conj. , with subjunctive): that, so that. Quoi is an older variant of cui, the m/f/n dative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Corpore is the ablative singular form of corpus, corporis (3n): body. Sēiūnctus /sēiūncta/sēiūnctum (1/2) is the perfect passive participle of sēiungō, sēiungere, sēiūnxī, sēiūnctum (3): to separate, isolate. Dolor, dolōris (3m): pain; grief, sorrow. Absit is the third person singular subjunctive form of absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus (irreg.): to be away, be absent, be distant (subjunctive because it’s in a clause that forms part of an indirect command—the quoi clause is dependent on the ut clause, and conveys part of the wish). Mente is the ablative singular form of mēns, mentis (3f): mind. Fruātur is the third person singular subjunctive form of fruor, fruī, frūctus sum (3, deponent): to enjoy, have the enjoyment of, avail oneself of, derive advantage from or take pleasure in (takes an ablative object) (subjunctive because it’s the verb of an ut clause conveying an indirect command). Iūcundō is the m/n ablative singular form of iūcundus/iūcunda/iūcundum (1/2): pleasant, pleasing. Sēnsū is the ablative singular form of sēnsus, sēnsūs (4m): sense; perception, feeling, consciousness; thought; meaning. Cūrā is the ablative singular form of cūra, cūrae (1f): care; worry. Sēmōtu' is a shortening of sēmōtus; sēmōtus/sēmōta/sēmōtum (1/2) is the perfect passive participle of sēmoveō, sēmovēre, sēmōvī, sēmōtum (2): to remove. Metūque: metū is the ablative singular form of metus, metūs (4m): fear, dread; the enclitic conjunction – que adds and.

Nōn: not. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Gāzae is the nominative plural form of gāza, gāzae (1f): treasure. Neque /nec (conj.): and not, nor; (adv.): not; neither, not either, not even. Cōnsulāris /cōnsulāris/cōnsulāre (3): consular, belonging or relating to a consul; having been a consul. Submovet is the third person singular form of submoveō, submovēre, submōvī, submōtum (2—also summoveō): to clear out of the way, remove. Līctor, līctōris (3m): lictor, an attendant on an important magistrate, such as a consul; one of the functions of the lictors was to walk before the magistrate and clear people out of the way (the verb submoveō is often used to describe that action of the lictors). Miserōs is the masculine accusative plural form of miser/misera/miserum (1/2): miserable, wretched, unfortunate. Tumultūs is the accusative plural form of tumultus, tumultūs (4m): commotion, disturbance, turmoil. Mēns, mentis (3f): mind. Et (conj.): and. Cūrās is the accusative plural form of cūra, cūrae (1f): care; worry. Laqueāta is the neuter accusative plural form of laqueātus/laqueāta/laqueātum (1/2): paneled. Circum (prep.): round about, around. Tēcta is the accusative plural form of tēctum, tēctī (2n): roof; ceiling; shelter; dwelling (a substantive use of tēctus/tēcta/tectum (1/2), the perfect passive participle of tegō, tegere, tēxī, tectum (3): to cover; protect; hide, conceal). Volantēs is the m/f accusative plural form of volāns, volantis (3), the present active participle of volō, volāre, volāvī, volātum (1): to fly, flit, flutter; hover.

Multōs is the masculine accusative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Summa is the neuter accusative plural form of summus/summa/summum (1/2): topmost, highest; supreme; extreme; last, final. Perīcula is the accusative plural form of perīculum, perīculī (2n): test, trial, experiment; danger, risk, peril. Mīsit is the third person singular perfect form of mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum (3): to send; throw. Ventūrī is the m/n genitive singular of ventūrus/ventūra/ventūrum (1/2), the future active participle of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come. Timor, timōris (3m): fear. Ipse /ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/ myself/etc. ; in person; the very. Malum, malī (2n): a bad thing; evil; trouble, ill, misfortune, disaster. Fortissimus /fortissima/fortissimum (1/2): very brave/bravest, very/most valiant; very strong/strongest—the superlative form of fortis/fortis/forte (3): brave, valiant; strong. Ille /illa/illud (pron.): that, that one, the one; he, she, it. Est: is. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Prōmptus /prōmpta/prōmptum (1/2): readily available; prompt, ready, willing—originally the perfect passive participle of prōmō, prōmere, prōmpsī, prōmptum (3): to take out, fetch out, bring forth. Metuenda is the neuter accusative plural form of metuendus/metuenda/metuendum (1/2), the gerundive of metuō, metuere, metuī, metūtum (3): to fear. Patior, patī, passus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to undergo, suffer, endure; allow. Sī (conj.): if. Cōminus (adv. —more correctly comminus): in hand-to-hand fighting; at close quarters, close at hand. Īnstent is the third person plural subjunctive form of īnstō, īnstāre, īnstitī, īnstātūrus (1): to stand on; press (in a hostile way); threaten, loom, be upon; harass (with dative). Et (adv.): also; even. Differō, differre, distulī, dīlātum (3, irreg.): to carry in different directions, scatter; delay, put off, postpone, defer; differ. Potest is the third person singular form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can.

Crocodīlon is the accusative singular form of crocodīlos, crocodīlī (2m—also crocodīlus; it’s a Greek loanword, hence some unusual endings): crocodile. Adōrat is the third person singular form of adōrō, adōrāre, adōrāvī, adōrātum (1): to plead with; entreat; pray to; worship. Pars, partis (3f): part, piece, portion, share; region, quarter; side; direction; aspect; party, faction. Hic/ haec /hoc (adj.): this. Ille/ illa /illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Pavet is the third person singular form of paveō, pavēre, pavī, — (2): to be frightened, be terrified (at/of = accusative). Saturam is the feminine accusative singular form of satur/satura/saturum (1/2): sated, replete. Serpentibus is the ablative plural form of serpēns, serpentis (3m/f): snake, serpent—originally the present active participle of serpō, serpere, serpsī, serptum (3): to creep, crawl. Ībin is the accusative singular form of ībis, ībis/ībidis/ībidos (3f—with some unusual forms because it’s from Greek): ibis. Effigiēs, effigiēī (5f): a representation: a statue, portrait or effigy. Sacrī is the m/n genitive singular form of sacer/sacra/sacrum (1/2): cursed; sacred. Hīc (adv.): here, in this place. Nitet is the third person singular form of niteō, nitēre, nituī, — (2): to shine, glitter. Aureus/ aurea /aureum (1/2): golden, made of gold. Cercopithēcus, cercopithēcī (2m—another Greek borrowing): long-tailed monkey. Hīc (adv.): here, in this place. Piscem is the accusative singular form of piscis, piscis (3m): fish. Flūmen, flūminis (3n): river. Illīc (adv.): there, in that place. Oppida is the nominative plural form of oppidum, oppidī (2n): town. Tōta is the neuter nominative plural form of tōtus/tōta/tōtum (1/2, irreg.): whole, entire. Canem is the accusative singular form of canis, canis (3m/f): dog. Venerantur is the third person plural form of veneror, venerārī, venerātus sum (1, deponent): to worship, adore; revere, venerate.