Some of these exercises call for words in the nominative or genitive case. (Others call for words in the dative, accusative, ablative, or locative.) To avoid giving away the answer, the ones where the answer is a nominative or genitive singular noun will be set up like the others—e. g. , is the singular form of vir, virī (2m): man. (Ordinarily this project would simply put the word vir or virī in boldface.)
Try to also explain the reason why the case is used; this, too, is mentioned in the notes words you can uncover. A few of these problems involve adjectives or pronouns. If you haven’t studied those yet, just do the best you can with them.
A large quantity of oysters was sent from Rome.
Magnus /magna/magnum (1/2): big, large, great. Ostreārum is the genitive plural form of ostrea, ostreae (1f): oyster. Numerus, numerī (2m): number. is the singular form of Rōma, Rōmae (1f): Rome (). Missus est is the third person masculine singular perfect passive form of mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum (3): to send; throw.
There is not much to be hoped for from the Senate.
More literally: There is not much hope in the Senate.
Nōn: not. Multum, multī (2n): a large amount, much. is the singular form of spēs, speī (5f): hope (). Est: there is. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Senātū is the ablative singular form of senātus, senātūs (4m): senate.
Some people call me a parricide.
is the singular form of parricīda, parricīdae (1m/f): parricide (). Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Quīdam is the masculine nominative plural form of quīdam/quaedam/quiddam (pron.): a certain one, somebody, something; (in pl.) certain ones, some, some people, some things. Vocant is the third person plural form of vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum (1): to call.
His comrades follow with a loud cry.
Sociī is the nominative plural form of socius, sociī (2m): friend, comrade; associate; ally. is the m/n singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): big, large, great. is the singular form of clāmor, clāmōris (3m): shout, cry (). Sequuntur is the third person plural form of sequor, sequī, secūtus sum (3, deponent): to follow.
The forces of the Faliscans came to their support.
Legiōnēs is the nominative plural form of legiō, legiōnis (3f): legion. Faliscōrum is the m/n (here m) genitive plural form of Faliscus/Falisca/Faliscum (1/2): Faliscan (a people of a region near modern Tuscany). is the singular form of auxilium, auxiliī (2n): help, aid, support (). Vēnērunt is the third person plural perfect form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come.
It is the mark of a bad physician to despair of finding a cure.
More literally: It is of a bad doctor to despair that he may not cure.
is the m/n singular form of malus/mala/malum (1/2): bad. is the singular form of medicus, medicī (2m): doctor, physician (). Est: it is. Dēspērō, dēspērāre, dēspērāvī, dēspērātum (1): to despair (of). Ne (conj. , with subjunctive): lest, that not. Cūret is the third person singular subjunctive form of cūrō, cūrāre, cūrāvī, cūrātum (1): to cure.
The poor creature prostrated herself before me.
More literally: She lay miserable at the feet for me (i.e., she lay at my feet).
is the form of ego: I (). Ad (prep.): to, toward; at; for; according to (takes the accusative). Pedēs is the accusative plural form of pēs, pedis (3m): foot. Miser/ misera /miserum (1/2): wretched, unfortunate, miserable. Iacuit is the third person singular perfect form of iaceō, iacēre, iacuī, iacitum (2): to lie, be in a recumbent position.
From shadow into light.
(Something has been made clear or brought into the open.) Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from. is the singular form of umbra, umbrae (1f): shadow ( ). In (prep.): in; into. is the singular form of sōl, sōlis (3m): sun; sunlight ( ).
Death is everywhere.
Ubīque (adv.): everywhere. is the singular form of mors, mortis (3f): death ( ). Est: is.
You are swelling with love of praise.
is the singular form of laus, laudis (3f): praise; merit (). Amōre is the ablative singular form of amor, amōris (3m): love. Tumēs is the second person singular form of tumeō, tumēre, tumuī, — (2): to be swollen, swell.
I have received three letters from you on the same day.
More literally: . . . in one day.
Trīs (or trēs) is the m/f accusative form of trēs/trēs/tria (3, plural): three. is the m/n singular form of ūnus/ūna/ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one; alone; only. is the singular form of diēs, diēī (5m/f): day (). Ab/ ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Tē is the ablative form of tū: you. Accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3, –iō): to receive, accept, take. Epistulās is the accusative plural form of epistula, epistulae (1f): letter.
That is why I am called Janus.
Inde (adv.): thence, from there, from that place; from that time, from then on; then; from that fact or circumstance, therefore, that is why. Vocor is the first person singular passive form of vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum (1): to call. is the singular form of Iānus, Iānī (2m): Janus, the two-faced god of gates, doors, transitions, endings and beginnings ().
They burned forty thousand books at Alexandria.
More literally: Forty thousand books burned at Alexandria.
Quadrāgintā (indeclinable): forty. Mīlia is the nominative plural form of mīlle: thousand. Librōrum is the genitive plural form of liber, librī (2m): book. is the singular form of Alexandrīa, Alexandrīae (1f): Alexandria. Ārsērunt is the third person plural perfect form of ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsum (2): to burn, be on fire. (The first translation doesn’t literally match the Latin because ārdeō is intransitive: it means to be on fire, not to set something on fire.)
Reflect that you yourself are mortal, and that I am old.
Cōgitā is the singular imperative form of cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think, reflect. is the form of tū: you. is the m/f singular form of mortālis/mortālis/mortāle (3): mortal. : to be. is the accusative form of ego: I. is the m/f singular form of senex, senis (3, adj. and noun): old, aged; old man ().
In winter it is fitting to eat more.
is the singular form of hiems, hiemis (3f): winter (). Plūs is the accusative form of plūs, plūris (3n): a larger amount, more. Edō, ēsse, ēdī, ēsum (3, irreg.): to eat. Convenit is the third person singular form of conveniō, convenīre, convēnī, conventum (4): to come together, meet; be fitting; be agreed.
The old man didn’t have time.
More literally: There was not time for the old man.
is the singular form of senex, senis (3m): old man (). Nōn: not. Erat is the third person singular imperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Ōtium, ōtiī (2n): leisure, freedom from business, (spare) time.
His one impregnable defense is the love of his countrymen.
(i.e., a king is safest when his citizens love him.) Ūnus/ūna/ ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one; alone; only. Est: is. Inexpugnābilis/inexpugnābilis/ inexpugnābile (3): impregnable. Mūnīmentum, mūnīmentī (2n): defense; fortification. Amor, amōris (3m): love. is the plural form of cīvis, cīvis (3m/f): citizen, countryman ().
That was the king of the Massaesylii.
Masaesūliī, Masaesūliōrum (2m, pl. —also Massaesȳliī and a few other variants): a people of Numidia. is the masculine singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that ( ). is the singular form of rēx, rēgis (3m): king (). Erat is the third person singular imperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.
We were weaker in military experience and in the caliber of our troops.
More literally: But we were inferior in experience of arms and in the strength of soldiers.
is the ablative singular form of ūsus, ūsūs (4m): use; practice; experience (). Autem (particle): but, on the other hand; and, moreover. Arma, armōrum (2n, plural only): arms, weapons. Et (conj.): and. Mīlitum is the genitive plural form of mīles, mīlitis (3m): soldier. is the singular form of rōbur, rōboris (3n): oak; vigor, robustness, strength (). Īnferiōrēs is the m/f nominative plural form of īnferior/īnferior/īnferius (3): lower; later; inferior—the comparative form of īnferus/īnfera/īnferum (1/2): situated below. Erāmus is the first person plural imperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.
It is said to be a terror to panthers in particular.
More literally: It is related to be for a terror (i.e., a source of terror) to panthers especially.
(The hyena.) Praecipuē (adv.): especially. is the plural form of panthēra, panthērae (1f): panther ( ). is the singular form of terror, terrōris (3m): great fear, terror ( ). Esse: to be. Trāditur is the third person singular passive form of trādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditum (3): to hand over; surrender; deliver; hand down; tell, relate.
As I was saying a little earlier. . .
Ut (rel. adv.): as. is the m/n singular form of paulus/paula/paulum (1/2): little, small (). Ante (adv.): before, previously, earlier. Dīcēbam is the first person singular imperfect form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say.
Ligus arrived in Rome.
More literally: Ligus came to Rome.
Vēnit is the third person singular perfect form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come (or it could be a historical present, venit). is the singular form of Rōma, Rōmae (1f): Rome (). Ligus, Liguris (3m): here a cognomen, but it also means a Ligurian (a member of a tribe of Cisalpine Gaul).
But what is more cruel than anger?
Quis/quis/ quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Autem (particle): on the other hand, but; and, moreover. is the singular form of īra, īrae (1f): anger (). Crūdēlior/crūdēlior/ crūdēlius (3): more cruel—the comparative form of crūdēlis/crūdēlis/crūdēle (3): cruel. Est: is.