The problems in this chapter ask you to give both the form of the word missing from the quote and then also the three nominative singular forms of it.
For practical reasons, the nominative singular forms that are blanked will be presented the same way as other forms; e. g. , is the masculine nominative singular form of. . . (Ordinarily in this project the nominative singular form would simply be boldfaced in the lemma.)
As for me, I’m enjoying life to the full, which means I am thoroughly idle.
More literally: I myself am living a most pleasant (that is, most idle) life.
Ipse /ipsa/ipsum (pron. or adj.): himself/herself/itself/oneself/myself/etc. ; in person. Vītam is the accusative singular form of vīta, vītae (1f): life. is the feminine accusative singular form of (1/2): very/most pleasant—the superlative form of iūcundus/iūcunda/iūcundum (1/2): pleasant. Is/ea/ id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Est: is. Id est is often used in this same way in English with the abbreviation i.e., : that is. is the feminine accusative singular form of (1/2): very/most idle—the superlative form of ōtiōsus/ōtiōsa/ōtiōsum (1/2): idle, at leisure. Vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live.
The greatest nations have been subdued by Caesar.
Domitae sunt is the third person feminine plural perfect passive form of domō, domāre, domuī, domitum (1): to tame; subdue. Ab /ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Caesare is the ablative singular form of Caesar, Caesaris (3m): Caesar. is the feminine nominative plural form of (1/2): very great/greatest, very large/largest—the superlative form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large. Nātiōnēs is the nominative plural form of nātiō, nātiōnis (3f): nation; nationality.
He covered it with pure gold.
More literally: . . . with cleanest gold.
First plow the places that are the driest.
Vestīvit is the third person singular perfect form of vestiō, vestīre, vestīvī/vestiī, vestītum (4): to clothe; cover. Illud is the neuter accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that, that one; he, she, it. Aurō is the ablative singular form of aurum, aurī (2n): gold. is the m/n ablative singular form of (1/2): very clean/cleanest—the superlative form of mundus/munda/mundum (1/2): clean. Ea loca primum arato quae erunt. —Cato the Elder, On Agriculture 50.2
Ea is the neuter accusative plural form of is/ea/id (adj.): this, that (a simple the is sometimes a sufficient translation). Loca is the accusative plural form of of locus, locī (2m, but often n in the plural): place, spot, location. Prīmum (adv.): first. Arātō is the singular future imperative form of arō, arāre, arāvī, arātum (1): to plow. Quae is the f/n (here n) nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. is the neuter nominative plural form of (1/2): very dry/driest—the superlative form of siccus/sicca/siccum (1/2): dry. Erunt is the third person plural future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.
You mourn the loss of our most illustrious fellow countrymen.
More literally: You are missing (our) most illustrious citizens.
Dēsīderātis is the second person plural form of dēsīderō, dēsīderāre, dēsīderāvī, dēsīderātum (1): to miss; desire; long for something lost or not possessed; need. is the masculine accusative plural form of (1/2): very loud/loudest; very bright/brightest; very clear/clearest; very/most famous, very/most renowned, very/most illustrious—the superlative form of clārus/clāra/clārum (1/2): loud; bright; clear; famous, renowned, illustrious. Cīvīs is the accusative plural form of cīvis, cīvis (3m/f): citizen, countryman.
He approached Cluvius. What kind of man? A trifler? No, most serious. Pliable? No, most firm.
Vēnit is the third person singular perfect form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come. Ad (prep.): to (takes the accusative). Cluvium is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of the family name Cluvius/Cluvia/Cluvium (1/2). Quem is the masculine accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? what kind of. . . ? Hominem is the accusative singular form of homō, hominis (3m): man, human being. Levem is the m/f accusative singular form of levis/levis/leve (3): light; trifling; fickle. Immō (particle): nay, rather; on the contrary. is the m/n accusative singular form of (1/2): very heavy/heaviest; very/most serious; very/most grievous—the superlative form of gravis/gravis/grave (3): heavy; serious; grievous. Mōbilem is the m/f accusative singular form of mōbilis/mōbilis/mōbile (3): movable; mobile; nimble; flexible; inconstant, fickle. is the m/n accusative singular form of (1/2): very/most constant or firm—the superlative form of cōnstāns, cōnstantis (3, adj.): stable; constant, firm; which is originally the present active participle of cōnstō, cōnstāre, cōnstitī, cōnstātūrus (1): to stand together; stand firm; be consistent; last, endure, persist; (with abl. , with or without a preposition such as ex) be made of; (with abl. or gen. of price) cost.
So the last shall be first, and the first last.
Sīc (adv.): thus, so, in this/that way, in such a way. Erunt is the third person plural future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. is the masculine nominative plural form of (1/2): newest; last—the superlative form of novus/nova/novum (1/2): new; recent (last is the most common meaning of the superlative). Prīmī is the masculine nominative plural form of prīmus/prīma/prīmum (1/2): first. Et (conj.): and. Prīmī is the masculine nominative plural form of prīmus/prīma/prīmum (1/2): first. is the masculine nominative plural form of (1/2): newest; (more usually) last—the superlative form of novus/nova/novum (1/2): new; recent.
The thought of my kind old father kept me back.
More literally: The old age of my very kind father held me back.
(He’s talking about why he didn’t kill himself when he was miserably ill, probably from asthma.) Pater, patris (3m): father. Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). is the m/n genitive singular form of (1/2): very/most indulgent; very kind, most kind, kindest—the superlative form of indulgēns, indulgentis (3, adj.); indulgent; kind; which is originally the present active participle of indulgeō, indulgēre, indulsī, indultum (2): to indulge. Senectūs, senectūtis (3f): old age. Retinuit is the third person singular perfect form of retineō, retinēre, retinuī, retentum (2): to hold back, restrain; detain; retain.
They counteract the venom of the most vicious serpents.
More literally: They counteract the most wicked of snakes.
(He’s talking about the (supposed) good effects of blackberries.) Adversantur is the third person plural form of adversor, adversārī, adversātus sum (1, deponent): to stand against, resist, oppose, counteract (takes the dative). Serpentium is the genitive plural form of serpēns, serpentis (3m/f): serpent, snake—originally the present active participle of serpō, serpere, serpsī, serptum (3): to creep, crawl. is the m/f/n dative plural form of (1/2): very/most accursed; very/most wicked, very/most criminal—the superlative form of scelerātus/scelerāta/scelerātum (1/2): accursed; wicked, criminal.
The configuration of the region is magnificent.
Regiō, regiōnis (3f): direction; position; region, area. Fōrma, fōrmae (1f): form, shape, configuration, appearance; beauty. is the feminine nominative singular form of (1/2): very/most beautiful—the superlative form of pulcher/pulchra/pulchrum (1/2): good-looking, beautiful, handsome. (The verb is implied.)
The law does not concern itself with trifles.
More literally: The law does not care about very small things.
Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). is the m/f/n (here n) ablative plural form of (1/2): very small/smallest, least—the superlative form of parvus/parva/parvum (1/2): small, little. Nōn: not. Cūrat is the third person singular form of cūrō, cūrāre, cūrāvī, cūrātum (1): to look after, attend to; care. Lēx, lēgis (3f): law.
Moreover, it was a very difficult time.
Tempus, temporis (3n): time. Erat is the third person singular imperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Autem (particle): on the other hand, but; and, moreover. is the neuter nominative singular form of (1/2): very/most difficult—the superlative form of difficilis/difficilis/difficile (3): difficult.
Won’t you shut up, you total moron?
More literally: You aren’t silent, most stupid (man)?
Nōn: not. Tacēs is the second person singular form of taceō, tacēre, tacuī, tacitum (2): to be silent. is the masculine vocative singular form of (1/2): very/most foolish, very/most stupid, stupidest—the superlative form of stultus/stulta/stultum (1/2): foolish, stupid.
Sometimes pain, at other times chance, makes the weak equal to the strongest.
Imbēcillōs is the masculine accusative plural form of imbēcillus/imbēcilla/imbēcillum (1/2): weak. is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of (1/2): very strong/strongest, very/most vigorous or very healthy/healthiest—the superlative form of valēns, valentis (3, adj.): strong, vigorous, or healthy; which is originally the present active participle (being strong) of valeō, valēre, valuī, valitum (2): to be healthy or strong. Aliās (adv.): at another time or times (aliās. . . aliās = sometimes. . . at other times). Dolor, dolōris (3m): pain; grief, sorrow. Aliās (adv.): at another time or times. Cāsus, cāsūs (4m): fall; chance; accident; misfortune, disaster. Exaequat is the third person singular form of exaequō, exaequāre, exaequāvī, exaequātum (1): to make level or equal, balance, equalize.
And I will raise him up in the last day.
Et (conj.): and. Ego: I. Resuscitābō is the first person singular future form of resuscitō, resuscitāre, resuscitāvī, resuscitātum (1): to revive, reawaken, rouse again, raise again. Eum is the masculine accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. is the m/n ablative singular form of (1/2): newest; last—the superlative form of novus/nova/novum (1/2): new; recent (last is the most common meaning of the superlative). Diē is the ablative singular form of diēs, diēī (5m/f): day. (Time when is usually conveyed in classical Latin by the ablative without the preposition in; but the addition of in isn’t rare in ecclesiastical and later writings. See Chapter 29 of The Latin Tamer.)
What a quantity of sagacious verses lie buried in the mime!
More literally: How much of the most cleverly expressed verses lies among the mimes!
(He’s saying there is often great wisdom buried in the plays that are put on by comic actors; “mimes” weren’t silent in those days.) Quantum, quantī (interrog. pron. , here used in an exclamatory way): how great an amount? how much? is the m/n genitive plural form of (1/2): most well-spoken; most clearly, cleverly or skillfully expressed—the superlative form of disertus/diserta/disertum (1/2): well-spoken; clearly, cleverly or skillfully expressed. Versuum is the genitive plural form of versus, versūs (4m): a line (esp. of verse); verse. Inter (prep.): between; among (takes the accusative). Mīmōs is the accusative plural form of mīmus, mīmī (2m): mime. Iacet is the third person singular form of iaceō, iacēre, iacuī, iacitum (2): to lie (in a certain place or state, or be in a recumbent position).
All of this was carried out with the most intent care.
More literally: All these things (were) carried out. . .
Haec is the neuter nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it (these things). Omnia is the neuter nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. is the feminine ablative singular form of (1/2): very/most intent; very/most earnest—the superlative form of intentus/intenta/intentum (1/2): intent; earnest; which is originally the perfect passive participle of intendō, intendere, intendī, intentum (3): to stretch, tense; strain; concentrate (one’s mind/attention); direct; apply oneself. Cūrā is the ablative singular form of cūra, cūrae (1f): care; worry. Ācta (sunt) is the third person neuter plural perfect passive form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, cause to move; do, perform, carry out, transact, deal with; act, behave.