The nominative singular forms that are blanked in this section will be presented the same way as other forms; e. g. , is the masculine nominative singular form of. . . (Ordinarily in this project the nominative singular form would simply be boldfaced in the lemma.)
What is permissible is not desired, and what is not permitted inflames us even more.
More literally: What is allowed (is) unappealing, what is not allowed inflames (us) more fiercely.
is the neuter nominative singular form of (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Licet, licēre, licuit/licitum est (2): to be allowed (impersonal). Ingrātus/ingrāta/ ingrātum (1/2): ungrateful; not received with gratitude, not appreciated; unpleasant, disagreeable, unappealing. is the neuter nominative singular form of (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Nōn: not. Licet, licēre, licuit/licitum est (2): to be allowed, be permissible (impersonal). Ācrius (adv.): more fiercely—the comparative form of ācriter (adv.): sharply, fiercely. Ūrit is the third person singular form of ūrō, ūrere, ussī, ustum (3): to burn, inflame.
Think of the calamities caused by drunkenness in a nation!
More literally: Think what calamities public drunkenness has produced!
Cōgitā is the singular imperative form of cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think. is the feminine accusative plural form of (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Clādēs is the accusative plural form of clādēs, clādis (3f): disaster, calamity; (military) defeat; slaughter; destruction. Ēdiderit is the third person singular perfect subjunctive form of ēdō, ēdere, ēdidī, ēditum (3): to emit; bring forth; give birth to; produce; display publicly; publish (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Pūblicus/ pūblica /pūblicum (1/2): public, belonging to the state or community. Ēbrietās, ēbrietātis (3f): drunkenness.
“What is this?” you ask.
More literally: You ask what this is?
(The this is a syllable—syllaba, syllabae (1f).) is the feminine nominative singular form of (interrog. pron.): which (one)? what? Sit is the third person singular subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Hic/ haec /hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Quaeris is the second person singular form of quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī/quaesiī, quaesītum (3): to seek; ask.
What change did today bring?
More literally: What did this day bring?
(From a speech by Marcellus scolding his soldiers, the gist of which can be paraphrased as: Why did you flee the battlefield today after an undecided battle yesterday? Did your strength diminish or the strength of the enemy increase overnight?) is the neuter accusative singular form of (interrog. pron.): who? what? Hic /haec/hoc (adj.): this. Diēs, diēī (5m/f): day. Attulit is the third person singular perfect form of afferō, afferre, attulī, allātum (3, irreg.): to bring.
Scant is the part of life in which we live.
(He’s quoting an unknown poet.) Exiguus/ exigua /exiguum (1/2): paltry, scant. Pars, partis (3f): part. Est: is. Vīta, vītae (1f): life. is the feminine ablative singular form of (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Vīvimus is the first person plural form of vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live.
But there are some of you who do not believe.
Sed (conj.): but. Sunt: there are. Quīdam is the masculine nominative plural form of quīdam/quaedam/quiddam (pron.): someone, something, a certain one, a certain thing; (in pl.) some, some people, some things, certain people, certain things. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from; of (takes the ablative). Vōbīs is the ablative form of vōs: you (pl.). is the masculine nominative plural form of (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Nōn: not. Crēdunt is the third person plural form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to entrust; lend (money); trust; believe.
Who was the accuser?
is the masculine nominative singular form of (interrog. pron.): who? what? Accūsātor, accūsātōris (3m): accuser; plaintiff. Fuit is the third person singular perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.
What then? Will it not be understood whose style you are imitating?
is the neuter nominative singular form of (interrog. pron.): who? what? Ergō (particle): therefore, so, then. Nōn: not. Intellegētur is the third person singular future passive form of intellegō, intellegere, intellēxī, intellēctum (3): to understand; realize. is the m/f/n genitive singular form of (interrog. pron.): who? what? Imitēris is the second person singular subjunctive form of imitor, imitārī, imitātus sum (1, deponent): to imitate; copy; represent (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Ōrātiōnem is the accusative singular form of ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis (3f): speech; style of speech, manner of speaking.
Unhappy man! What great madness seized your mind?
Īnfēlīx is the m/f/n vocative singular form of īnfēlīx, īnfēlīcis (3, adj.): unhappy, unfortunate, unlucky. is the feminine nominative singular form of (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Tantus/ tanta /tantum (1/2): so great, such great; as great. Animum is the accusative singular form of animus, animī (2m): soul, mind. Dēmentia, dēmentiae (1f): madness, insanity. Cēpit is the third person singular perfect form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to take, seize, capture.
I know whom I have chosen. (He has chosen several people.)
Ego: I. Sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know. is the masculine accusative plural form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Ēlēgerim is the first person singular perfect subjunctive form of ēligō, ēligere, ēlēgī, ēlēctum (3): to choose, elect (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question).
What they call wisdom is a legacy.
(He’s referring to a case in which a stupid man came into an inheritance and suddenly found everyone interested in his opinions.) Hērēditās, hērēditātis (3f): inheritance. Est: is. is the feminine accusative singular form of (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Vocant is the third person plural form of vocō, vocāre, vocāvī, vocātum (1): to call. Sapientiam is the accusative singular form of sapientia, sapientiae (1f): wisdom.
He who is privileged to be born, is destined to die.
More literally: To whom it fell to be born, to die lies in store.
is the m/f/n dative singular form of (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum (3, deponent): to be born. Contigit is the third person singular perfect form of contingō, contingere, contigī, contāctum (3): to touch; (with the dative) befall, fall to one’s lot (often said of positive things), be granted (to one). Morior, morī, mortuus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to die. Restat is the third person singular form of restō, restāre, restitī, — (1): to remain; await, lie in store.
The three envoys whose names he does not mention were the following:
Lēgātī is the nominative plural form of lēgātus, lēgātī (2m): envoy, ambassador, legate. Trēs /trēs/tria (3, plural): three. is the m/n genitive plural form of (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Nōmina is the accusative plural form of nōmen, nōminis (3n): name. Nōn: not. Pōnit is the third person singular form of pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum (3): to place, put, lay, set; set up, erect; lay down; lay aside, drop, give up, abandon; mention, cite, quote, use (a word, example, etc. , in speech or writing). Hī is the masculine nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Fuērunt is the third person plural perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.
You will suffer for this—I won’t say how.
More literally: You will pay penalties, I do not say which (penalties).
Dabis is the second person singular future form of dō, dare, dēdī, datum (1, irreg.): to give. Poenās is the accusative plural form of poena, poenae (1f): penalty. Poenās dare is an idiom: to pay a penalty. Nōn: not. Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. is the feminine accusative plural form of (interrog. pron.): which (one)?
He who says what he likes hears what he does not like.
More literally: (He) who says what things (or the things that) he wants hears what things (the things that) he does not want.
(If you dish out abuse, you’ll get it back.) is the masculine nominative singular form of (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. is the neuter accusative plural form of the same word. Vult is the third person singular form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish. Dīcit is the third person singular form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. is, again, the neuter accusative plural form of the relative pronoun mentioned above. Nōn: not. Audit is the third person singular form of audio, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear.
If only they had been content with them!
More literally: With which if only they were content!
is the m/f/n ablative plural form of (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Utinam (particle): if only, I wish that, would that! Contentī is the masculine nominative plural form of contentus/contenta/contentum (1/2): content, satisfied—originally the perfect passive participle of contineō, continēre, continuī, contentum (2): to hold together; keep; restrain; contain. Essent is the third person plural imperfect subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (imperfect subjunctive because it’s a present contrary-to-fact wish).
Whom do we follow?
is the masculine accusative singular form of (interrog. pron.): who? what? Sequimur is the first person plural form of sequor, sequī, secūtus sum (3, deponent): to follow.