The nominative singular forms blanked in this section are presented the same way as other forms; e. g. , is the masculine nominative singular form of. . . (Ordinarily in this project the nominative singular form would simply be boldfaced in the lemma.)
These things are only to be feared by those who are fearful.
More literally: These things are to be feared by the fearful.
Ista is the neuter nominative plural form of iste/ista/istud (pron.): that (one), this (one); he, she, it. Timidīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of timidus/timida/timidum (1/2): fearful, timid; cowardly. is the neuter nominative plural form of , the gerundive of timeō, timēre, timuī, — (2): to fear, be afraid. Sunt: (they) are.
These were merely excuses and pretexts for extending his power.
More literally: These causes were assigned as pretexts for extending (his) power (power-to-be-extended).
(Pompey’s reasons for going to war.) Hae is the feminine nominative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Praetexēbantur is the third person plural imperfect passive form of praetexō, praetexere, praetexuī, praetextum (3): to weave before; border or edge (with); place or extend in front; pretend, assign as a pretext. Causae is the nominative plural form of causa, causae (1f): cause, reason. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at; for, for the purpose of; according to (takes the accusative). is the feminine accusative singular form of , the gerundive of continuō, continuāre, continuāvī, continuātum (1): to connect; make continuous; continue, extend, prolong. Potentiam is the accusative singular form of potentia, potentiae (1f): power.
Yet it is not on that account ineffectual and useless in the training of the soul.
More literally: Nor is it on that account useless and ineffectual for shaping minds.
(He’s talking about philosophy, and the fact that it isn’t helpful in every situation.) Neque/ nec (conj. and adv.): and not, nor; neither, not either, not even. Ideō (adv.): therefore, on that account. Inūtilis /inūtilis/inūtile (3): useless, unprofitable. Et (conj.): and. is the m/f/n dative plural form of , the gerundive of fōrmō, fōrmāre, fōrmāvī, fōrmātum (1): to shape, form. Animīs is the dative plural form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul. Inefficāx, inefficācis (3, adj.): ineffectual. Est: is it.
In giving a benefit nothing ought to be avoided so much as haughtiness.
More literally: Nothing is equally to be avoided in giving a benefit as haughtiness.
Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom.): nothing. Aequē (adv.): equally, just as. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Beneficiō is the ablative singular form of beneficium, beneficiī (2n): a kindness, service, favor, benefit. is the m/n ablative singular form of , the gerundive of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give. is the neuter nominative singular form of , the gerundive of vītō, vītāre, vītāvī, vītātum (1): to avoid. Est: is. Quam (rel. adv.): than; as. Superbia, superbiae (1f): pride, vanity, haughtiness.
Is it not enough that we must fear you?
More literally: Is it enough that you are to be feared (must be feared) by us? (Even more literally: Is it enough you to be to be feared for ( = by) us?)
Satisne: satis (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here nom): enough; the enclitic interrogative particle –ne turns the word into part of a question. Est: is it. Nōbis: to/for us (with a gerundive: by us)—the dative form of nōs: we. Vōs is the accusative form of vōs: you (pl.). is the masculine accusative plural form of , the gerundive of metuō, metuere, metuī, metūtum (3): to fear. Esse: to be.
For he says that anger is the desire to repay suffering.
More literally: For he says anger to be the desire of repaying suffering.
Ait is the third person singular form of aiō (3, defective): to say. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Īram is the accusative singular form of īra, īrae (1f): anger. Esse: to be. Cupiditātem is the accusative singular form of cupiditās, cupiditātis (3f): desire, longing, craving; greed; lust. Dolor, dolōris (3m): pain, suffering. is the m/n genitive singular form of , the gerundive of repōnō, repōnere, reposuī, repositum/repostum (3): to put back; repay.
You shouldn’t flee from love.
More literally: Love is not to be fled.
Amor, amōris (3m): love. is the masculine nominative singular form of , the gerundive of fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus (3, –iō): to flee (from); avoid. Nōn: not. Est: is.
We should do neither.
More literally: Neither is to be done.
Neuter/neutra/ neutrum (1/2, irreg.): neither. is the neuter nominative singular form of , the gerundive of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Est: is.
All our senses ought to be trained to endurance.
More literally: All the senses must be brought to endurance.
Omnēs is the m/f nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Sēnsūs is the nominative plural form of sēnsus, sēnsūs (4m): sensation, perception, feeling; faculty of perception, any of the physical senses. is the masculine nominative plural form of , the gerundive of perdūcō, perdūcere, perdūxī, perductum (3): to lead, bring, take (all the way to a place or condition). Sunt: (they) are. Ad (prep.): to, toward (takes the accusative). Firmitātem is the accusative singular form of firmitās, firmitātis (3f): firmness, durability, endurance.
Thus in spite of his defects I consider his orations worth looking at.
More literally: So I nevertheless judge his orations worthy to be looked at.
Itaque (adv.): (and) so, therefore. Eius is the m/f/n genitive singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Ōrātiōnēs is the accusative plural form of ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis (3f): speech, oration. is the feminine accusative plural form of , the gerundive of aspiciō, aspicere, aspexī, aspectum (3, –iō): to look at. Tamen (adv.): nevertheless, yet, still. Cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsum (2): to hold or express as one’s opinion; judge, consider; recommend.
The Albans have made me their leader for carrying out the war.
Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Albānī is the masculine nominative plural form of Albānus/Albāna/Albānum (1/2): Alban (of the city Alba Longa). is the m/n dative singular form of , the gerundive of gerō, gerere, gessī, gestum (3): to bear, carry; carry on, transact, conduct, do, accomplish; wage (war). Bellō is the dative singular form of bellum, bellī (2n): war. Ducem is the accusative singular form of dux, ducis (3m/f): guide; leader. Creāvēre is the third person plural perfect form (also creāvērunt) of creō, creāre, creāvī, creātum (1): to create, make; elect.
Some, therefore, ought to be put aside, others derided, others condoned.
More literally: Therefore some (things) are to be deferred, others to be derided, others to be condoned.
(He’s talking about how to respond to insults, or perceived insults.) Itaque (adv.): (and) so, therefore. Alia is the neuter nominative plural form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another (alius. . . alius = one. . . another; or, if the forms are plural: some. . . others). is the neuter nominative plural form of , the gerundive of differō, differre, distulī, dīlātum (3, irreg.): to scatter; disturb, bewilder; defer, put off; differ. Sunt: (they) are. Alia is the neuter nominative plural form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another. is the neuter nominative plural form of , the gerundive of dērīdeō, dērīdēre, dērīsī, dērīsum (2): to deride, laugh at. is the neuter nominative plural form of , the gerundive of dōnō, dōnāre, dōnāvī, dōnātum (1): to endow, reward; give; condone, forgive, pardon.
(Do you ask what it is that makes us forget benefits received?) It is our extreme greed for receiving others.
Alt. : Our desire to obtain more.
More literally: Greed of getting (benefits). (Most literally: Greed of (benefits-)to-be-received.)
Cupiditās, cupiditātis (3f): desire, longing, craving; greed; lust. is the m/n (here n) genitive plural form of , the gerundive of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3, –iō): to receive, accept, take.
And I will discover thy shame to thy face.
More literally: And I will reveal your to-be-ashamed-ofs in your face.
Et (conj.): and. Revēlābō is the first person singular future form of revēlō, revēlāre, revēlāvī, revēlātum (1): to uncover; reveal. is the neuter accusative plural form of , the gerundive of pudeō, pudēre, puduī (or impers. puditum est) (2): (impersonal third person singular) it causes shame, it makes one ashamed, something causes shame, shame is felt, one is ashamed; (personal, rare outside the gerundive) to be ashamed (of). Tua is the neuter accusative plural form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Faciē is the ablative singular form of faciēs, faciēī (5f): face. Tuā is the feminine ablative singular form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours.
The time will come for proving this statement.
More literally: The time will come of proving this matter.
Tempus, temporis (3n): time. Istīus is the m/f/n genitive singular form of iste/ista/istud (adj.): that, this. is the feminine genitive singular form of , the gerundive of probō, probāre, probāvī, probātum (1): to approve; test; prove. Rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; fact; circumstance; property. Veniet is the third person singular future form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come.
First you must drive off the bees.
More literally: First the bees (are) to be driven off.
(. . . then you may take the honey.) Prīmum (adv.): first. Apēs is the nominative plural form of apis, apis (3f): bee. is the feminine nominative plural form of , the gerundive of abigō, abigere, abēgī, abāctum (3): to drive away, drive off.
Which do you think deserves admiration, your killing or her silence?
Utrum is the m/n (here n) accusative singular form of uter/utra/utrum (interrog. pron. , 1/2, irreg.): which (of two)? Putās is the second person singular form of putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum (1): to think, suppose, regard as. is the m/n accusative singular form of , the gerundive of mīror, mīrārī, mīrātus sum (1, deponent): to be surprised, wonder, marvel (at); admire. Esse: to be. Tuum is the m/n accusative singular form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Tyrannicīdium is the accusative singular form of tyrannicīdium, tyrannicīdiī (2n): tyrannicide, the killing of a tyrant. An (interrog. particle): whether (starting an indirect question); or (in a question); it can also start a direct question. Huius is the m/f/n genitive singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this, this one; he, she, it. Silentium is the accusative singular form of silentium, silentiī (2n): silence.
Everything gives cause for either laughter or tears.
More literally: All things are either to be laughed at or to be cried about.
Aut (conj.): or. (aut. . . aut = either. . . or). is the neuter nominative plural form of , the gerundive of rīdeō, rīdēre, rīsī, rīsum (2): to laugh (at). Omnia is the neuter nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (n. pl. used substantively) all things, everything. Aut (conj.): or. is the neuter nominative plural form of , the gerundive of fleō, flēre, flēvī, flētum (2): to weep, cry (for/over/about). Sunt: (they) are.
He emphasized the injury they did in depriving him of his legions.
Alt. : He expatiated on their injustice in taking away his legions.
More literally: He proclaims the injustice in snatching away (his) legions.
Iniūriam is the accusative singular form of iniūria, iniūriae (1f): injury, wrong, injustice, injurious treatment. In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. is the m/f/n ablative plural form of , the gerundive of ēripiō, ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptum (3, –iō): to snatch out or away; rescue. Legiōnibus is the ablative plural form of legiō, legiōnis (3f): legion. Praedicat is the third person singular form of praedicō, praedicāre, praedicāvī, praedicātum (1): to proclaim, make publicly known.
Some things must be trusted to others, some concealed.
More literally: Some things (are) to be entrusted, others to be concealed.
Alia is the neuter nominative plural form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another (alia. . . alia = some (things). . . some/others). is the neuter nominative plural form of , the gerundive of committō, committere, commīsī, commisum (3): to bring into contact, join, connect; commit, entrust; begin; bring about, commit, perpetrate. Alia is the neuter nominative plural form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another. is the neuter nominative plural form of , the gerundive of cēlō, cēlāre, cēlāvī, cēlātum (1): to conceal, keep secret.
Art thou come to take spoils?
Alt. : Are you coming for the sake of seizing plunder?
Numquid (interrog. particle): introduces a question, often with a nuance of caution or disbelief. Ad (prep.): to, toward; at; for, for the purpose of; according to (takes the accusative). is the neuter accusative plural form of , the gerundive of sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptum (3): to take, seize. Spolia is the accusative plural form of spolium, spoliī (2n, usually plural): spoils, plunder. Tū: you. Venīs is the second person singular form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come.