My witnesses are telling the truth.
More literally: My witnesses are true (truthful).
Meī is the masculine nominative plural form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine. Testēs is the nominative plural form of testis, testis (3m/f): witness. Vērī is the masculine nominative plural form of vērus/vēra/vērum (1/2): true; truthful, telling the truth. : (they) are.
He’s doing well, he’s here.
Valet is the third person singular form of valeō, valēre, valuī, valitum (2): to be well, healthy or strong; be worth; be of effect. Hīc (adv.): here. : he is.
I am good and careful.
(He’s quoting his servant.) : I am. Bonus /bona/bonum (1/2): good. Et (conj.): and. Frūgī was originally the dative singular form of the noun frūx, frūgis (3f): fruit, crop; morality, sobriety, virtue—but it became used virtually as an indeclinable adjective meaning frugal, thrifty or honest, virtuous, worthy.
You (pl.) are in possession of it.
Vōs: you (pl.). : (you) are (pl.). In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Possessiōne is the ablative singular form of possessiō, possessiōnis (3f): a taking possession of; possession.
You (sg.) are in the same boat.
In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Eādem is the feminine ablative singular form of īdem/eadem/idem (adj.): the same. : you are (sg.). Nāvī is the ablative singular form of nāvis, nāvis (3f): ship, boat—an i-stem noun that can take the ending – ī in the ablative singular (but nāve is also possible; see Chapter 23 of The Latin Tamer).
I am a Roman citizen.
(Context: “There, in that prison, guiltless Roman citizens were most shamefully strangled. Now at last the cry ‘I am a Roman citizen,’the famous appeal that has so often brought men help and rescue among savage races in the furthest corners of the earth, was to hasten the infliction and increase the agony of these men’s death.”) Cīvis, cīvis (3m/f): citizen. Rōmānus /Rōmāna/Rōmānum (1/2): Roman. : I am.
Therefore God does exist.
More literally: So there is definitely a God.
: there is. Igitur (conj.): therefore, so, then. Profectō (adv.): undoubtedly, assuredly, definitely. Deus, deī (2m, irreg.): god, deity.
You are a Roman knight.
Eques, equitis (3m): horseman; knight. Rōmānus /Rōmāna/Rōmānum (1/2): Roman. : you are.
We are not ungrateful.
Neque/ nec (conj. and adv.): and not, nor; neither, not either, not even. : are we. Ingrātī is the masculine nominative plural form of ingrātus/ingrāta/ingrātum (1/2): ungrateful; unwelcome; unpleasant, disagreeable.
Why, then, if I am unchaste, am I still alive?
More literally: Why, then, if I am unchaste, do I live?
Quārē (interrog. adv.): why? Ergō (particle): therefore, so, then. Sī (conj.): if. Incestus/ incesta /incestum (1/2): (ritually) unclean, polluted; unchaste, lewd; incestuous. : I am. Vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live.
Are you not men?
Nōnne: not, in a question that expects a “yes” answer, such as do/does/etc. . . . not? —it’s made up of nōn, meaning not; and the enclitic interrogative particle – ne, which makes the word part of a question. Hominēs is the nominative plural form of homō, hominis (3m): man, human. Estis: are you (pl.).
O Paulus, you are evil.
Ō (interjection): O! Oh! Paule is the vocative singular form of the proper noun Paulus, Paulī (2m). Malus /mala/malum (1/2): bad; evil. : you are (sg.).
The tangle cannot be unravelled.
More literally: Matters are inextricable.
Rēs is the nominative plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; fact; circumstance; property. : (they) are. Inexplicābilēs is the m/f nominative plural form of inexplicābilis/inexplicābilis/inexplicābile (3): inextricable; baffling; inexplicable.
That’s untrue.
Falsus/falsa/ falsum (1/2): false, untrue; fake. : it is.
But there are other more important points.
Sed (conj.): but. Alia is the neuter nominative plural form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another (the neuter plural is used substantively to mean other “things”). Maiōra is the neuter nominative plural form of maior/maior/maius (3): larger, greater; more important—the comparative form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): large, great; important. : (they/there) are.
We are similar.
Similēs is the m/f nominative plural form of similis/similis/simile (3): similar. : we are.
You (sg.) are sad and lucky.
Trīstis /trīstis/trīste (3): sad, gloomy; stern, austere. : you are (sg.). Et (conj.): and. Fēlīx, fēlīcis (3, adj.): lucky, fortunate.
Envy is blind.
Caecus/ caeca /caecum (1/2): blind. Invidia, invidiae (1f): envy; spite; resentment; dislike. : is.
Any place you do not occupy is not really yours.
More literally: Wherever you (pl.) are not is not yours.
(He’s asking what good it is to have houses with rooms you don’t use.) Nōn: not. : is. Vester/vestra/ vestrum (1/2): your, yours (with reference to a plural you). Ubicumque (rel. adv.): wherever. : you are (pl.).