Satis
cito
dolebis
cum
venerit. —
Seneca, Epistles
13.10
You will suffer soon enough, when it arrives.
Alt. : You will grieve soon enough, when it comes.
(So you shouldn’t worry about a bad thing in the future.) Satis (adv.): enough. Cito (adv.): quickly; soon. Dolēbis is the second person singular future form of doleō, dolēre, doluī, dolitum (2): to suffer, feel pain; grieve for. Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Vēnerit is the third person singular future perfect form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come.
He will ask for my whole harvest.
More literally: He will request all, as much as I will have cultivated.
Poscet is the third person singular future form of poscō, poscere, poposcī, — (3): to ask, demand; call for. Omne is the neuter accusative singular form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): every; all. Quantum is the accusative singular form of quantum, quantī (rel. pron.): how much, as much as, as great an amount as. Exarāverō is the first person singular future perfect form of exarō, exarāre, exarāvī, exarātum (1): to plow up; plow; produce by tillage, cultivate.
You will have given me life.
Vītam is the accusative singular form of vīta, vītae (1f): life. Mihi is the dative form of ego. Dederis is the second person singular future perfect form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give.
Let whoso gives away public counsels be capitally punished.
More literally: He who will have disclosed public counsels, let him be punished by (losing his) head.
Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Pūblica is the neuter accusative plural form of pūblicus/pūblica/pūblicum (1/2): public; of the state. Cōnsilia is the accusative plural form of cōnsilium, cōnsiliī (2n): counsel; plan. Ēnūntiāverit is the third person singular future perfect form of ēnūntiō, ēnūntiāre, ēnūntiāvī, ēnūntiātum (1): to divulge, disclose. Capite is the ablative singular form of caput, capitis (3n): head. Pūniātur is the third person singular passive subjunctive form of pūniō, pūnīre, pūnīvī/pūniī, pūnītum (4): to punish (a jussive subjunctive).
E
e
For if we sin, we are thine.
Etenim (conj.): and indeed; for, because, since. Sī (conj.): if. Peccāverimus is the first person plural future perfect form of peccō, peccāre, peccāvī, peccātum (1): to sin, do wrong, commit a fault. Tuī is the masculine nominative plural form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Sumus: we are.
E
e
Whatsoever you judge, it will redound to you.
More literally: Whatever you will have judged will redound onto you.
Quodcumque is the neuter accusative singular form of quīcumque/quaecumque/quodcumque (rel. pron.): whoever, whatever, whosoever, whatsoever. Iūdicāveritis is the second person plural future perfect form of iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātum (1): to judge. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into, onto, against. Vōs is the accusative form of vōs: you (pl.). Redundābit is the third person singular future form of redundō, redundāre, redundāvī, redundātum (1): to overflow; redound.
When they awake, they will rise again.
More literally: When they will have awakened, they will rise up.
Ubi (rel. adv.): where; when. Ēvigilāverint is the third person plural future perfect form of ēvigilō, ēvigilāre, ēvigilāvī, ēvigilātum (1): to wake up. Exsurgent is the third person plural future form of exsurgō, exsurgere, exsurrēxī, exsurrēctum (3): to rise up.
When the Senate returned thanks to him, he replied, “When I will have deserved them.”
More literally: To the Senate giving thanks, he responded: “When I will have deserved (it).”
Agentī is the m/f/n dative singular form of agēns, agentis (3), the present active participle of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, put in motion; do, carry out, perform; act. Senātuī is the dative singular form of senātus, senātūs (4m): senate. Grātiās is the accusative plural form of grātia, grātiae (1f): favor; gratitude, (in plural) thanks; grace; grātiās agere = to give thanks (to), thank (with dative of the person thanked). Respondit is the third person singular perfect form of respondeō, respondēre, respondī, respōnsum (2): to respond; answer. Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Meruerō is the first person singular future perfect form of mereō, merēre, meruī, meritum (2): to earn; deserve.
If you have any talk with him, please write to me.
More literally: If you will have had any talk with him, you will write to me.
Sī (conj.): if. Quem is the masculine accusative singular form of quī/qua/quod (indef. adj.): (in certain types of clauses, especially after sī, nisi, num and nē) any. Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Eō is the m/n ablative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Sermōnem is the accusative singular form of sermō, sermōnis (3m): conversation, speech. Habueris is the second person singular future perfect form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Scrībēs is the second person singular future form of scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptum (3): to write. Ad (prep.): to (takes the accusative). Mē is the accusative form of ego.
E
e
Whom she will see unwary, she will kill.
Quōs is the masculine accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Incautōs is the masculine accusative plural form of incautus/incauta/incautum (1/2): incautious, unwary; unsuspecting. Vīderit is the third person singular future perfect form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. Interficiet is the third person singular future form of interficiō, interficere, interfēcī, interfectum (3, –iō): to kill.
E
e
We will have many good things if we fear God.
More literally: We will have many goods if we will have feared God.
Multa is the neuter accusative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Bona is the accusative plural form bonum, bonī (2n): good; benefit; (in pl.) possessions. Habēbimus is the first person plural future form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Sī (conj.): if. Timuerimus is the first person plural future perfect form of timeō, timēre, timuī, — (2): to fear, be afraid. Deum is the accusative singular form of deus, deī (2m, irreg.): god, deity.
You will have accomplished nothing other than exercising your resentment at no gain.
More literally: You nothing more than will have exercised your indignation without any gain.
Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Amplius (adv.) more. Quam (rel. adv.): than. Sine (prep.): without (takes the ablative). Ūllō is the m/n ablative singular form of ūllus/ūlla/ūllum (1/2, irreg.): any. Compendiō is the ablative singular form of compendium, compendiī (2n): gain, profit, saving. Indignātiōnem is the accusative singular form of indignātiō, indignātiōnis (3f): indignation. Vestram is the feminine accusative singular form of vester/vestra/vestrum (1/2): your, yours (pl.). Exercueritis is the second person plural future perfect form of exerceō, exercēre, exercuī, exercitum (2): to exercise.
Whenever they set themselves in motion, we will be on their back.
More literally: Whenever they will have set themselves in motion, we will be on their back.
(A pledge of military support against enemies of Rome.) Quandōcumque (rel. adv.): whenever. Sē is the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Mōverint is the third person plural future perfect form of moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtum (2): to move, set in motion; stir, disturb, concern. Ab /ā (prep.): from; by (takes the ablative)—in some special contexts it may translate to on, though that isn't the literal meaning. Tergō is the ablative singular form of tergum, tergī (2n): back. Erimus is the first person plural future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.
I won’t believe it unless I read it.
More literally: I will not believe (it) unless I will have read (it).
Nōn: not. Crēdam is the first person singular future form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to believe; trust. Nisi (conj.): if not, unless; except. Lēgerō is the first person singular future perfect form of legō, legere, lēgī, lēctum (3): to read; choose; collect.
As you sow, so you shall reap.
More literally: As you will have sown (done planting), so will you reap.
(The Biblical version in Galatians is phrased differently.) Ut (rel. adv.): as. Sēmentem is the accusative singular form of sēmentis, sēmentis (3f): sowing, planting. Fēceris is the second person singular future perfect form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Ita (adv.): thus, so, in this way. Metēs is the second person singular future form of metō, metere, messuī, messum (3): to reap, harvest.
E
e
Whatsoever shall befall the just man shall not make him sad.
More literally: Whatever will have happened to him will not sadden the just man.
Nōn: not. Contrīstābit is the third person singular future form of contrīstō, contrīstāre, contrīstāvī, contrīstātum (1): to sadden, discourage. Iūstum is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of iūstus/iūsta/iūstum (1/2): just, righteous. Quisquis/ quicquid (rel. pron. ; the neuter form is also spelled quidquid): whoever, whatever. Eī is the m/f/n dative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Acciderit is the third person singular future perfect form of accidō, accidere, accidī, — (3): to happen, befall (with dative of the person).
At least we will have done our duty as loving sisters.
More literally: Certainly (as) dutiful sisters we will have done our (thing/duty).
Certē (adv.): certainly. Piae is the feminine nominative plural form of pius/pia/pium (1/2): dutiful; upright; pious; devoted, loyal. Sorōrēs is the nominative plural form of soror, sorōris (3f): sister. Nostrum is the m/n (here n) accusative singular form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Fēcerimus is the first person plural future perfect form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make.
In that single city you will have taken the whole of Spain.
In (prep.): in, on (takes the ablative in this sense). Ūnā is the feminine ablative singular form of ūnus/ūna/ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one. Urbe is the ablative singular form of urbs, urbis (3f): city. Ūniversam is the feminine accusative singular form ūniversus/ūniversa/ūniversum (1/2): all, entire; general. Cēperitis is the second person plural future perfect form of capiō, capere, cēpī, captum (3, –iō): to capture, take; receive. Hispāniam is the accusative singular form of Hispānia, Hispāniae (1f): Spain.
E
e
Whatsoever they shall add, or take away, shall be ratified.
Alt. : Whatever they shall add or take away shall be valid.
(Describing a treaty between the Romans and the Jewish people: they can agree to make changes to it later.) Quaecumque is the neuter accusative plural form of quīcumque/quaecumque/quodcumque (rel. pron.): whoever, whatever. Addiderint is the third person plural future perfect form of addō, addere, addidī, additum (3): to add. Vel (conj.): or. Dēmpserint is the third person plural future perfect form of dēmō, dēmere, dēmpsī, dēmptum (3): to remove, take away. Rata is the neuter nominative plural form of ratus/rata/ratum (1/2): regarded as valid; established. Erunt is the third person plural future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.
Shall I have thought differently?
Aliter (adv.): otherwise, differently. Sēnserō is the first person singular future perfect form of sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sensum (4): to feel; perceive, notice; judge, think.
If you nourish it well, in time it will be strong.
(Talking about love: amor, amōris (3m).) Sī (conj.): if. Bene (adv.): well. Nūtrieris is the second person singular future perfect form of nūtriō, nūtrīre, nūtrīvī/nūtriī, nūtrītum (4): to nourish; rear; support, sustain; suckle. Tempore is the ablative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. Firmus /firma/firmum (1/2): strong; firm. Erit is the third person singular future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.
He’ll come at once when he hears what you have to say.
More literally: He will be here immediately when he will have heard this from you.
Aderit is the third person singular future form of adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus (irreg.): to be present. Continuō (adv.): at once, immediately. Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Ubi (rel. adv.): where; when. Ex /ē (prep.): from, out of (takes the ablative). Tē is the ablative form of tū: you. Audīverit is the third person singular future perfect form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear.
Once I hear something after the elections, I will betake myself to Asia.
More literally: If we will have heard something from the elections, we will turn ourselves to Asia.
Sī (conj.): if. Aliquid is the neuter accusative singular form of aliquis/aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, something. Ab/ ā (prep.): (away) from; by (takes the ablative). Comitiīs is the ablative plural form of comitium, comitiī (2n): (in singular) place of assembly for legislative and judicial purposes; (in plural only) assembly for elections; election(s). Audierimus is the first person plural future perfect form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear. Nōs is the accusative form of nōs: we (us). In (prep.): (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into, to (ending inside a place). Asiam is the accusative singular form of Asia, Asiae (1f; the length of the first a is variable but more often short): Asia. Convertēmus is the first person plural future form of convertō, convertere, convertī, conversum (3): to turn; convert.
E
e
Speak ye the same words to Esau, when ye find him.
More literally: Speak with the same words to Esau when you will have found him.
Iīsdem (or eīsdem or īsdem) is the m/f/n ablative plural form of īdem/eadem/idem (adj.): the same. Verbīs is the ablative plural form of verbum, verbī (2n): word. Loquiminī is the plural imperative form of loquor, loquī, locūtus sum (3, deponent): to speak. Ad (prep.): to (the verb loquor with ad is non-classical). Esau: proper name (from Hebrew). Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Invēneritis is the second person plural future perfect form of inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum (4): to find. Eum is the masculine accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that.
When they have occurred, they will have occurred by fate.
Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Ēvēnerint is the third person plural future perfect form of ēveniō, ēvenīre, ēvēnī, ēventum (4): to happen, occur. Fātō is the ablative singular form of fātum, fātī (2n): fate. Ēvēnerint is the third person plural future perfect form of ēveniō, ēvenīre, ēvēnī, ēventum (4): to happen, occur.
I will not be ambitious when I grow old.
Ambitiōsus /ambitiōsa/ambitiōsum (1/2): ambitious. Nōn: not. Erō is the first person singular future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Senex, senis (3m): old man. Fuerō is the first person singular future perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.
What stranger will you find loyal, if you become an enemy to your kindred?
More literally: What stranger will you find loyal if you will have been an enemy to yours (i.e., your own)?
Quem is the masculine accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Aliēnum is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of aliēnus/aliēna/aliēnum (1/2): of another, belonging to another; unfamiliar; hostile. Fīdum is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of fīdus/fīda/fīdum (1/2): trustworthy, faithful, loyal. Inveniēs is the second person singular future form of inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum (4): to find; invent; discover. Sī (conj.): if. Tuīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Hostis, hostis: (3m/f): enemy. Fueris is the second person singular future perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.
If Hylas goes blind, he will pay you nothing.
Sī (conj.): if. Fuerit is the third person singular future perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Caecus /caeca/caecum (1/2): blind. Nīl (contraction of nihil; n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Tibi is the dative form of tū: you. Solvet is the third person singular future form of solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtum (3): to loosen; free, release; pay. Hylās, Hylae (1m, with some unusual forms because it’s from Greek).
But it will never be discovered if we rest contented with discoveries already made.
More literally: But it will never be found if we will have been content with the found (things).
Numquam (adv.): never. Autem (particle): on the other hand, but, however; and, moreover. Inveniētur is the third person singular future passive form of inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum (4): to find. Sī (conj.): if. Contentī is the masculine nominative plural form of contentus/contenta/contentum (1/2): content. Fuerimus is the first person plural future perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Inventīs is the m/f/n (here n used substantively) ablative plural form of inventus/inventa/inventum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (discovered, found) of inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum (4): to find; invent; discover.
If you are more prone to pity, I will show you the crimes of the accused.
More literally: If you will have been closer to pity, I will show you the crimes of the accused.
Sī (conj.): if. Misericordiae is the dative singular form of misericordia, misericordiae (1f): pity. Propiōrēs is the m/f nominative plural form of propior/propior/propius (3) is the comparative form of propinquus/propinqua/propinquum (1/2): near, close. Fueritis is the second person plural future perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Crīmina is the accusative plural form of crīmen, crīminis (3n): charge, accusation; crime. Reus, reī (2m): defendant, accused. Vōbīs is the dative form of vōs: you (pl.) (to you). Ostendam is the first person singular future form of ostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostentum (3): to show, exhibit, display.
All who have attained wisdom will be equal and on the same footing.
More literally: Whoever will have been (become) wise will be equal and comparable.
Quīcumque is the masculine nominative plural form of quīcumque/quaecumque/quodcumque (rel. pron.): whoever, whatever. Fuerint is the third person plural future perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Sapientēs is the m/f nominative plural form of sapiēns, sapientis (3, adj.): wise. Parēs is the m/f nominative plural form of pār, paris (3, adj.): even; equal. Erunt: is the third person plural future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Et (conj.): and. Aequālēs is the m/f nominative plural form of aequālis/aequālis/aequāle (3): equal; comparable.
Not now for the first time, my love, will I have been torn from you.
Nōn: not. Tibi is the dative form of tū: you. Nunc (adv.): now. Prīmum (adv.): first. Lūx is the vocative singular form of lūx, lūcis (3f): light. Mea is the feminine vocative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine; lūx mea —lit. , my light —was a common term of endearment. Raptus erō is the first person masculine singular future perfect passive form of rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptum (3, –iō): to carry off; snatch (the person whom something is snatched away from goes in the dative).
Will you come forward to be enrolled if you have not already been made a soldier?
More literally: If you will not have been made a soldier, will you come forth into the draft?
Sī (conj.): if. Mīles, mīlitis (3m): soldier. Factus (eris) is the second person masculine singular future perfect passive form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Nōn: not. In: (with abl.) in; (with acc.) into. Eris: (part of a phrase with factus). #(see factus)% Dīlēctum is the accusative singular form of dīlēctus, dīlēctūs (4m): selection; conscription, draft. Prōdībis is the second person singular future form of prōdeō, prōdīre, prōdiī, prōditum (irreg.): to go forth, come forth; appear, come forward.
I disinherit the one who loses.
More literally: I disinherit the one who will have been defeated.
(A father’s statement about his two sons, who were both Olympic fighters.) Abdicō, abdicāre, abdicāvī, abdicātum (3): to deny, reject; resign; renounce; disinherit. Eum is the masculine accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Victus erit is the third person masculine singular future perfect passive form of vincō, vincere, vīcī, victum (3): to conquer, defeat, subdue; win, be victorious.
She will be said to have gone out.
Alt. : She will have been said. . .
Dicta erit is the third person feminine singular future perfect passive form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Īsse is the perfect infinitive form of eō, īre, iī/īvī, itum (irreg.): to go. Forās (adv.): out (with motion), to the outside.
If there is any charge against me, I will either deny it or find an excuse for it.
More literally: If anything will have been thrown against me, I will either deny (it) or excuse (it).
Sī (conj.): if. Quis/qua/ quid (indef. pron.): someone, something; anyone, anything; quis/quid replaces aliquis/aliquid in some contexts (especially after sī, nisi, num, and nē). Mihi is the dative form of ego. Obiectum erit is the third person neuter singular future perfect passive form of obiciō, obicere, obiēcī, obiectum (3, –iō): to throw (to), throw in the way; throw against, reproach, bring up as a charge. Aut (conj.): or (aut. . . aut: either. . . or). Negābō is the first person singular future form of negō, negāre, negāvī, negātum (1): to deny; refuse. Aut (conj.): or. Excūsābō is the first person singular future form of excūsō, excūsāre, excūsāvī, excūsātum (1): to excuse; plead as an excuse.
Never will everything have been said about it.
More literally: (Work. . .) about which everything never will have been said.
(The work of learning the art of speech.) Opus, operis (3n): work, labor, toil; need. Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Quō is the m/n—here n, in agreement with opus, operis (3n): work—ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Numquam (adv.): never. Dicta erunt is the third person neuter plural future perfect passive form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Omnia is the neuter nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every, each; (in the masculine plural) all people, everyone; (n. pl. used substantively) all things, everything.
I will be writing to you at greater length when I get more time.
More literally: I will write to you with more words when I will have found more of leisure.
Plūribus is the m/f/n ablative form of plūrēs/plūrēs/plūra (3—usually plural when it’s an adjective): more numerous, more (in number); many. Verbīs is the ablative plural form of verbum, verbī (2n): word. Ad (prep.): to (takes the accusative). Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Scrībam is the first person singular future form of scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptum (3): to write. Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Plūs is the accusative singular form of plūs, plūris (3n): more, a larger amount (as a noun it occurs only in nom. , acc. , and gen. sg. ; related plural forms are regarded as belonging to the adjective plūrēs/plūrēs/plūra (3)). Ōtium, ōtiī (2n): leisure, freedom from business. Nactus erō is the first person masculine singular future perfect form of nancīscor, nancīscī, nactus sum (3, deponent): to meet with, find.
If you deserve it, it will be done.
More literally: If you will have deserved it, . . .
Sī (conj.): if. Eris meritus is the second person masculine singular future perfect form of mereor, merērī, meritus sum (2, deponent): to deserve, merit. Fīet is the third person singular future form of fīō, fierī, —, — (irreg.): to be done; be made; become; happen.
For the multitude you will be born today, tomorrow for me.
More literally: For six hundred (people) you will have been born today, tomorrow for me.
(He’s saying: I’ll miss your birthday party but will celebrate with you tomorrow.) Sescentīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative form of sescentī/sescentae/sescenta (1/2): six hundred; also used indefinitely to mean very many, sort of like saying a zillion in English—probably because Roman military cohorts had 600 men. Hodiē (adv.): today. Crās (adv.): tomorrow. Mihi is the dative form of ego. Nātus eris is the second person masculine singular future perfect form of nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum (3, deponent): to be born; spring forth.
If I attempt anything, I will inform you at once.
More literally: If we will have gotten anything underway, I will write to you at once.
Ego: I. Sī (conj.): if. Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/qua/quid (indef. pron.): someone, something; anyone, anything. Mōlītī erimus is the first person masculine plural future perfect form of mōlior, mōlīrī, mōlītus sum (4, deponent): to exert oneself; set in motion, get underway; undertake, attempt. Ad (prep.): to (takes the accusative). Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Statim (adv.): at once, immediately. Scrībam is the first person singular future form of scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptum (3): to write.
If weeds spring up, see that you free the beds of them.
More literally: If weeds will have sprung up, make it so that you clean (the beds) of the weeds.
Sī (conj.): if. Herbae is the nominative plural form of herba, herbae (1f): grass, weed, plant. Nātae erunt is the third person feminine plural future perfect form of nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum (3, deponent): to be born; spring forth. Facitō is the singular future imperative form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Utī is an alternate form of ut (conj.): that, so that (with subjunctive). Ab /ā (prep.): from; by (takes the ablative). Herbīs is the ablative plural form of herba, herbae (1f): grass, weed, plant. Pūrgēs is the second person singular subjunctive form of pūrgō, pūrgāre, pūrgāvī, pūrgātum (1): to clean.