Chapter 10. Deponent Verbs

(He’s speaking of the civil war between Caesar and Pompey.) Ignōro, ignōrare, ignōravi, ignōratum (1): to not know, be ignorant of; ignore, disregard. Causam is the accusative singular form of causa, causae (1f): cause, reason; (legal) case; situation. Dētestor, dētestārī, dētestātus sum (1, deponent): to curse; abominate, detest. Exitum is the accusative singular form of exitus, exitūs (4m): the act of going out, departure; exit, way out; outcome, result; death.

Quid (interrog. adv.): why? Gaudia is the accusative plural form of gaudium, gaudiī (2n): joy. Nostra is the neuter accusative plural form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Morāris is the second person singular form of moror, morārī, morātus sum (1, deponent): to delay, retard; stay, linger.

(Drawn from a fable in which a fox, masquerading as a nobler animal, is given away because he doesn’t hide his tail, perhaps out of pride.) Cauda, caudae (1f): tail. Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Vulpe is the ablative singular form of vulpēs, vulpis (3f): fox. Testātur is the third person singular form of testor, testārī, testātus sum (1, deponent): to testify, give evidence.

Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Vīdimus is the first person plural perfect form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see, look at. Testāmur is the first person plural form of testor, testārī, testātus sum (1, deponent): to testify, give evidence.

Nōn: not. Eadem is the neuter accusative plural form of īdem/eadem/idem (pron.): the same. Mīrāmur is the first person plural form of mīror, mīrārī, mīrātus sum (1, deponent): to be astonished; wonder at, marvel at; admire.

(Quoting a speech of Titus Manlius.) Bene (adv.): well. Facitis is the second person plural form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Quod (conj.): that; the fact that; in that; because. Abōmināminī is the second person plural form of abōminor, abōminārī, abōminātus sum (1, deponent): to abominate, abhor, loathe.

At (conj.): but. Quanta is the neuter accusative plural form of quantus/quanta/quantum (1/2, interrog. adj.): how great? what great? Cōnantur is the third person plural form of cōnor, cōnārī, cōnātus sum (1, deponent): to try, attempt.

Plūs is the accusative singular form of plūs, plūris (3n; as a singular noun it occurs only in the nom. , acc. and gen.): more. Ego: I. Polliceor, pollicērī, pollicitus sum (2, deponent): to promise.

(In response to someone who claims to have done nothing wrong.) Immō (particle): nay, rather, actually (qualifying or contradicting what was just said). Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Fatēris is the second person singular form of fateor, fatērī, fassus sum (2, deponent): to admit, confess, acknowledge.

Alius /alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another (alius. . . alius: one. . . another): other, another. Patrem is the accusative singular form of pater, patris (3m): father. Tuētur is the third person singular form of tueor, tuērī, tuitus sum (2, deponent): to look at; watch over, protect, preserve, defend. Alius /alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other, another. Frātrem is the accusative singular form of frāter, frātris (3m): brother.

Errōrem is the accusative singular form of error, errōris (3m): wandering; error, mistake. Nostrum is the m/n accusative singular form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Cōnfitēmur is the first person plural form of cōnfiteor, cōnfitērī, cōnfessus sum (2, deponent): to confess, acknowledge.

Nōs is the accusative form of nōs: we. Quid (interrog. adv.): why? Intuēminī is the second person plural form of intueor, intuērī, intuitus sum (2, deponent): to look at, gaze at, stare at.

Sapientēs is the nominative plural form of sapiēns, sapientis (3m): wise man, sage. Cōnfitentur is the third person plural form of cōnfiteor, cōnfitērī, cōnfessus sum (2, deponent): to confess.

Queror, querī, questus sum (3, deponent): to complain; make a complaint in court. Lītigō, lītigāre, lītigāvī, lītigātum (1): to dispute, quarrel; sue, litigate. Īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum (3, deponent): to become angry; be angry.

Huic is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Īrāsceris is the second person singular form of īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum (3, deponent): to become angry; be angry (takes a dative object). Deinde (adv.): next, then. Illī is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it.

(In other words, the accident itself suggests that the defendant was negligent without more argument or proof.) Rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair. Ipse/ ipsa /ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/oneself/myself/etc. ; in person; the very. Loquitur is the third person singular form of loquor, loquī, locūtus sum (3, deponent): to speak, say, talk.

Nōn: not. Sequitur is the third person singular form of sequor, sequī, secūtus sum (3, deponent): to follow.

Prō (prep.): in front of, before; in exchange for, instead of; for, on behalf of (takes the ablative). Bonīs is the ablative plural form of bonum, bonī (2n): a good thing; good; benefit; (in pl.) possessions. Mala is the neuter accusative plural form of malum, malī (2n): a bad thing; evil; trouble, misfortune; misdeed; disease. Amplectimur is the first person plural form of amplector, amplectī, amplexus sum (3, deponent): to embrace; surround.

Quid (interrog. adv.): why? Sine (prep.): without (takes the ablative). Causā is the ablative singular form of causa, causae (1f): cause, reason. Vāna is the neuter accusative plural form of vānus/vāna/vānum (1/2): vain, empty. Loquiminī is the second person plural form of loquor, loquī, locūtus sum (3, deponent): to speak.

(After we do without the things we crave for a while.) Dēsīderia is the nominative plural form of dēsīderium, dēsīderiī (2n): longing, want, wish. Ipsa is the neuter nominative plural form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/oneself/myself/etc. ; in person; the very. Moriuntur is the third person plural form of morior, morī, mortuus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to die.

Ego: I. In (prep.): in, on (takes the ablative in this sense). Arcānō is the ablative singular form of Arcānum, Arcānī (2n): a villa near the town of Arcae in Latium (a substantive use of Arcānus/Arcāna/Arcānum (1/2): of or belonging to Arcae). Opperior, opperīrī, oppertus/opperītus sum (4, deponent): to wait. Dum (conj.): while; until. Ista is the neuter accusative plural form of iste/ista/istud (pron.): that; he, she, it. (In classical Latin, iste/ista/istud usually has a second-person reference—a little like that of yours. Here, for instance, ista are things that Cicero expects to learn from his addressee.) Cognōscō, cognōscere, cognōvī, cognitum (3): to learn, get to know; recognize.

(. . . without my knowing it.) Nihil (n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Agis is the second person singular form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, put in motion; do; act. Mōlīris is the second person singular form of mōlior, mōlīrī, mōlītus sum (4, deponent): to exert oneself; undertake, attempt. Cōgitās is the second person singular form of cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think, reflect; plan, intend.

(He’s talking to himself during an asthma attack.) Tam (adv.): so, so much. Saepe (adv.): often. Mors, mortis (3f): death. Experītur is the third person singular form of experior, experīrī, expertus sum (4, deponent): to try, make trial of, put to the test; experience. Mē is the accusative form of ego.

Pācificī is the masculine nominative plural form of pācificus/pācifica/pācificum (1/2): peacemaking; peaceable. Sumus: we are. Neque/ nec: (as conj.) and not, nor; (as adv.) neither, not either, not even. Ūllās is the feminine accusative plural form of ūllus/ūlla/ūllum (1/2, irreg.): any. Mōlīmur is the first person plural form of mōlior, mōlīrī, mōlītus sum (4, deponent): to exert oneself; engineer; build; set in motion (with effort); undertake, attempt. Īnsidiās is the accusative form of īnsidiae, īnsidiārum (1f, plural only): ambush, plot, snare, treacherous attack.

Mēnsūrā is the ablative singular form of mēnsūra, mēnsūrae (1f): measure; amount. Vestrā is the feminine ablative singular form of vester/vestra/vestrum (1/2): your, yours (referring to a plural you as possessors). Fatuī is the masculine vocative plural form of fatuus/fatua/fatuum (1/2): foolish (used substantively: foolish person, fool). Cūncta is the neuter accusative plural form of cūnctus/cūncta/cūnctum (1/2): all, all together, the whole. Mētīminī is the second person plural form of mētior, mētīrī, mēnsus sum (4, deponent): to measure.

(Others do it because they themselves are deceived.) Multī is the masculine nominative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Mentiuntur is the third person plural form of mentior, mentīrī, mentītus sum (4, deponent): to lie, misrepresent. Ut (conj.): in order to, so that, that. Dēcipiant is the third person plural subjunctive form of dēcipiō, dēcipere, dēcēpī, dēceptum (3, –iō): to deceive (subjunctive because it’s in a purpose clause).

(“That is perhaps the one and only thing, Numicius, that can make a man happy and keep him so.”) Nīl (contraction of nihil; n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Admīror, admīrārī, admīrātus sum (1, deponent): to be astonished; wonder at, marvel at; admire.

(To stare.) Fīxīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of fīxus/fīxa/fīxum (1/2): fixed, immovable. Oculīs is the ablative plural form of oculus, oculī (2m): eye. Intueor, intuērī, intuitus sum (2, deponent): to look at; give attention to.

(Wagons were once used as stages for comedies. The players had liberty to ridicule anyone—leading citizens, gods, etc. The expression here refers to someone speaking with that kind of liberty.) Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Plaustrō is the ablative singular form of plaustrum, plaustrī (2n): wagon. Loquor, loquī, locūtus sum (3, deponent): to speak.

(Why he lived in a noisy neighborhood.) Experior, experīrī, expertus sum (4, deponent): to try, make trial of, put to the test; experience. Et (conj.): and. Exerceō, exercēre, exercuī, exercitum (2): to exercise. Mē is the accusative form of ego. Volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish.