Chapter 12. The Future Tense

Discēs is the second person singular future form of discō, discere, didicī, discitūrus (3): to learn. Docēbisque: docēbis is the second person singular future form of doceō, docēre, docuī, doctum (2): to teach; the enclitic conjunction – que adds and. Artēs is the accusative plural form of ars, artis (3f): art, skill, technique.

Deus, deī (2m, irreg.): god, deity. Ipse /ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/oneself/etc. ; in person; the very. Veniet is the third person singular future form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come. Et (conj): and. Salvābit is the third person singular future form of salvō, salvāre, salvāvī, salvātum (1): to save. Vōs is the accusative form of vōs: you (pl.).

Intrābō is the first person singular future form of intrō, intrāre, intrāvī, intrātum (1): to enter, go into/within, penetrate. Etiam (particle): even. Magis (adv.): more.

Quem is the masculine accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Nunc (adv.): now. Amābis is the second person singular future form of amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love.

Nunc (adv.): now. Amābit is the third person singular future form of amō, amāre, amāvī, amātum (1): to love. Mē is the accusative form of ego. Vir, virī (2m): man; husband. Meus /mea/meum (1/2): my, mine.

Recitābimus is the first person plural future form of recitō, recitāre, recitāvī, recitātum (1): to read aloud.

Quōusque (interrog. adv.): until when? for how long? Eadem is the neuter accusative plural form of īdem/eadem/idem (pron.): the same. Peccābitis is the second person plural future form of peccō, peccāre, peccāvī, peccātum (1): to sin, do wrong.

Arma is the accusative form of arma, armōrum (2n, plural only): arms, weapons. Dabunt is the third person plural future form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give (note the short a). Ipsī is the masculine nominative plural form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (pron.): (he) himself, (she) herself, (it) itself, that very person or thing.

Saepe (adv.): often. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Vidēbō is the first person singular future form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see.

Rīdēbis is the second person singular future form of rīdeō, rīdēre, rīsī, rīsum (2): to laugh; smile. Hōc is the m/n ablative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Locō is the ablative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place; topic; point. Fortasse (adv.): perhaps.

Terrēbit is the third person singular future form of terreō, terrēre, terruī, territum (2): to frighten, terrify. Eum is the masculine accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Trībulātiō, trībulātiōnis (3f): trouble, tribulation.

Sed (conj.): but. Vidēbimus is the first person plural future form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see.

(The famous response of the centurion Marcus Furius Camillus to Roman Senators who were preparing to abandon Rome to the Gauls (ca. 390 bc).) Hīc (adv.): here. Manēbimus is the first person plural future form of maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsum (2): to remain, stay. Optimē is the superlative form of bene (adv.): well.

(Quoting Titus Manlius.) Ostendite is the plural imperative form of ostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostentum/ostēnsum (3): to show, exhibit, display. Modo (adv.): just, only. Bellum is the accusative singular form of bellum, bellī (2n): war. Pācem is the accusative singular form of pāx, pācis (3f): peace. Habēbitis is the second person plural future form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have.

Mannulī is the nominative plural form of mannulus, mannulī (2m): pony. Tacēbunt is the third person plural future form of taceō, tacēre, tacuī, tacitum (2): to be silent.

(He’s just described a favor that has been asked of him.) Faciam is the first person singular future form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make.

Dīcam is the first person singular future form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsum (4): to feel; think.

Numquam (adv.): never. Faciēs is the second person singular future form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make.

Nōn: not. Occīdēs is the second person singular future form of occīdō, occīdere, occīdī, occīsum (3): to kill.

(He’s saying the sage wouldn’t want to be like one of the Athenians who put Socrates to death; so would he want to be like someone from Carthage? No. . .) Et (adv.): also, too; even. Hanc is the feminine accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. (The pronoun refers to a state—the Carthaginian state. That’s feminine in Latin so the pronoun has to be feminine, too.) Fugiet is the third person singular future form of fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus (3, –iō): to flee, escape.

Eandem is the feminine accusative singular form of īdem/eadem/idem (adj.): the same. Sententiam is the accusative singular form of sententia, sententiae (1f): opinion, thought. Dīcet is the third person singular future form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say.

Nunc (adv.): now; as it is. Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Conclūsiōne is the ablative singular form of conclūsiō, conclūsiōnis (3f): conclusion; peroration. Dīcēmus is the first person plural future form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say, speak.

Heu (interjection): alas! Domine is the vocative singular form of dominus, dominī (2m): lord, master. Mī is the masculine vocative singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine. Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Faciēmus is the first person plural future form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make.

Ideō (adv.): therefore. Fugiētis is the second person plural future form of fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus (3, –iō): to flee, run away.

Cadāvera is the accusative plural form of cadāver, cadāveris (3n): corpse, carcass. Nōn: not. Tangētis is the second person plural future form of tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctum (3): to touch.

Nīl (contraction of nihil; n, indeclinable, nom. or acc. only—here acc.): nothing. Facient is the third person plural future form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Nymphae is the nominative plural form of nympha, nymphae (1f): nymph.

Omnēs is the m/f nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Cognōscent is the third person plural future form of cognōscō, cognōscere, cognōvī, cognitum (3): to learn, get to know; recognize. Mē: me—the accusative form of ego: I.

(Quoting a good-natured man on his way to execution: “You are trying to discover whether souls are immortal? I soon will know.”) Ego: I. Iam (adv.): already; now; soon. Sciam is the first person singular future form of sciō, scīre, scīvī/sciī, scītum (4): to know.

Vērum is the accusative singular form of vērum, vērī (2n): truth; reality. Audiēs is the second person singular future form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen.

Quis /quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Custōdiet is the third person singular future form of custōdiō, custōdīre, custōdīvī/custōdiī, custōdītum (4): to guard. Ipsōs is the masculine accusative plural form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/oneself/myself/etc; in person; the very. Custōdēs is the accusative plural form of custōs, custōdis (3m): guard, guardian, jailer, custodian.

Nōn: not. Audiēmus is the first person plural future form of audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear; listen to.

Quaerētis is the second person plural future form of quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī/quaesiī, quaesītum (3): to ask; search for, seek. Mē is the accusative form of ego. Et (conj.): and. Nōn: not. Inveniētis is the second person plural future form of inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum (4): to find; invent; discover.

Parturient is the third person plural future form of parturiō, parturīre, parturīvī, — (4): to be in labor; be pregnant with. Montēs is the nominative plural form of mōns, montis (3m): mountain. Nāscētur is the third person singular future form of nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum (3, deponent): to be born; spring forth. Rīdiculus /rīdicula/rīdiculum (1/2): amusing, funny; laughable, ridiculous. Mūs, mūris (3m/f): mouse.

Sed (conj.): but. Nōn: not. Erō the first person singular future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Difficilis /difficilis/difficile (3): difficult.

Mēcum: with me (mē = me; cum = with). Eris is the second person singular future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Ergō (particle): therefore, then. Miser /misera/miserum (1/2): wretched, unfortunate, miserable.

Fortasse (adv.): perhaps. Erit is the third person singular future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Nōn: not.

Parēs is the m/f nominative plural form of pār, paris (3, adj.): even; equal. Erimus the first person plural future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.

Līberī is the masculine nominative plural form of līber/lībera/līberum (1/2): free. Eritis is the second person plural future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.

(How the gods differ from the sage.) Diūtius (adv.): longer, for a longer time—the comparative form of diū (adv.): long, for a long time. Erunt is the third person plural future form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be.

Neque/ nec: (as conj.) and not, nor; (as adv.) neither, not either, not even. Ob (prep.): toward; against, in front of, in the way of (so as to block); because of, for (takes the accusative). Hoc is the neuter accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Damnābor is the first person singular future passive form of damnō, damnāre, damnāvī, damnātum (1): to condemn.

Ego: I. Praeda, praedae (1f): plunder; property taken in war. Dūcar is the first person singular future passive form of dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum (3): to lead.

Ignōminiā is the ablative singular form of ignōminia, ignōminiae (1f): disgrace, dishonor, ignominy. Continēberis is the second person singular future passive form of contineō, continēre, continuī, contentum (2): to hold, contain; limit, restrain.

(He’s talking about someone who killed himself; if you don’t do as he did, you'll end up the same soon enough anyhow.) Putā is the singular imperative form of putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum (1): to suppose, think. Nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, — (irreg.): to not want, be unwilling, refuse. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Sequor, sequi, secūtus sum (3, deponent): to follow; pursue, chase. Dūcēris is the second person singular future passive form of dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum (3): to lead. Note that duceris could also be read as the present tense (dūceris); without macrons it would look the same and it also works grammatically, though the future tense seems preferable in context.

(The stance of the sage.) Nūllīus is the m/f/n genitive singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any—used substantively in the masculine singular: none, no one. Ergō (particle): therefore, then. Movēbitur is the third person singular future passive form of moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtum (2): to move; disturb, concern. Contumēliā is the ablative singular form of contumēlia, contumēliae (1f): insult, abuse, invective, contumely.

Prōpōnāmus is the first person plural subjunctive form of prōpōnō, prōpōnere, prōposuī, prōpositum (3): to set forth, place before; display; offer; imagine (subjunctive because it’s hortatory). Laudanda is the neuter accusative plural form of laudandus/laudanda/laudandum, the gerundive (to be praised—see Chapter 41) of laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum (1): to praise. Inveniētur is the third person singular future passive form of inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum (4): to find. Imitātor, imitātōris (3m): imitator.

Et (conj.): and. Nōs: we. Immūtābimur is the first person plural future passive form of immūtō, immūtāre, immūtāvī, immūtātum (1): to change.

Sīc (adv.): thus, so, in such manner. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Perdūcēmur is the first person plural future passive form of perdūcō, perdūcere, perdūxī, perductum (3): to lead (all the way to a place), take (to a place). Ad (prep.): to (takes the accusative). Prīmum is the m/n (here n) accusative singular form of prīmus/prīma/prīmum (1/2): first; foremost.

Nōlīte is the plural imperative form of nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, — (irreg.): to not want, be unwilling, refuse; it’s completed by an infinitive. Iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātum (1): to judge. Et (conj.): and. Nōn: not. Iūdicābiminī is the second person plural future passive form of iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātum (1): to judge.

Dīmittite is the plural imperative form of dīmittō, dīmittere, dīmīsī, dīmissum (3): to send away; let fall; discharge, dismiss; forgive (this last meaning is mostly late Latin). Dīmittēminī is the second person plural future passive form of dīmittō, dīmittere, dīmīsī, dīmissum (3): to send away; let fall; discharge, dismiss; forgive. Et (conj.): and.

(He’s quoting Epicurus, who said that one who preaches contempt for possessions should do it in shabby clothing; that way the words are not just said but proven. The pronoun refers to the plural of verbum, verbī (2n): word.) Nōn: not. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Dīcentur is the third person plural future passive form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say; call, name. Tantum (adv.): so much; only; nōn. . . tantum = not only. Illa is the neuter nominative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he/she/it. Sed (conj.): but. Probābuntur is the third person plural future passive form of probō, probāre, probāvī, probātum (1): to approve; test; prove.

Fatēbor is the first person singular future form of fateor, fatērī, fassus sum (2, deponent): to admit, acknowledge, confess. Ingenuē (adv.): honorably; generously; frankly (more strictly, in a way that befits a free-born person).

Quandō (interrog. adv.): when? Illa is the neuter accusative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he/she/it. Experiēris is the second person singular future form of experior, experīrī, expertus sum (4, deponent): to try, make trial of, put to the test; experience.

Quō (interrog. adv.): where? —as a direction; i.e., where to? Ūsque (adv.): all the way, up (to); quō ūsque = up to what place or point in time? how long? Tandem (adv.): at last, at length, finally, eventually, in the end (sometimes, as here, it conveys impatience in a question or command). Abūtēre is the second person singular future form of abūtor, abūtī, abūsus sum (3, deponent): to use up; abuse (takes an ablative object; it also could have been abūtēris). Catilīna is the vocative singular form of Catilīna, Catilīnae (1m): Lucius Sergius Catalina, a Roman politician who sought to overthrow the Republic. Patientiā is the ablative singular form of patientia, patientiae (1f): suffering; patience, endurance; lenity. Nostrā is the feminine ablative singular form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours.

(He’s talking about philosophical teachings—the plural of disciplīna, disciplīnae (1f).) Illae is the feminine nominative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Cōnsōlābuntur is the third person plural future form of cōnsōlor, cōnsōlārī, cōnsōlātus sum (1, deponent): to console, comfort, cheer.