Chapter 6: Wealth and Pleasure

Hic/ haec /hoc (adj.): this. Ipse/ ipsa /ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/etc. ; the very. Rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair. Quī/ quae /quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Tot (indeclinable): so many. Magistrātūs is the accusative plural form of magistrātus, magistrātūs (4m): magistrate. Iūdicēs is the accusative plural form of iūdex, iūdicis (3m/f): judge, juror. Dētinet is the third person singular form of dētineō, dētinēre, dētinuī, dētentum (2): to detain; occupy, engage. (This very thing, which occupies so many magistrates, so many judges. . .)

Quī/ quae /quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Et (conj.): and (et. . . et = both. . . and). Magistrātūs: magistrates (accusative; see above). Et (conj.): and. Iūdicēs: judges (accusative; see above). Facit is the third person singular form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make, create. (. . . which makes both magistrates and judges. . .)

Pecūnia, pecūniae (1f): money. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from (takes the ablative). ; Quō is the m/n (here n) ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what (ex quō = from/since the time that, since). In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Honōre is the ablative singular form of honor, honōris (3m): honor, esteem, dignity. Esse: to be. Coepit is the third person singular perfect form of coepī, coepisse, coeptum (irreg.): began (no present-tense forms). (. . . money, from (the time) that it began to be in honor. . .)

Vērus /vēra/vērum (1/2): true, real; proper, right. Rērum is the genitive plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair; deed. Honor, honōris (3m): honor, esteem, dignity. Cecidit is the third person singular perfect form of cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsum (3): to fall; die; decay. (the true honor/dignity of things has decayed. . .)

Mercātōrēsque: mercātōrēs is the nominative plural form of mercātor, mercātōris (3m): merchant (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Et (conj.): and. Vēnālēs is the m/f nominative plural form of vēnālis/vēnālis/vēnāle (3): for sale; venal. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into; Vicem is the accusative singular form of —, vicis (3f): change, turn; in vicem = in turn or by turns (the accusative is used because a figurative motion is meant). Factī is the masculine nominative plural form of factus/facta/factum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (having been made) of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do, make. (. . . and having been made merchants and for sale in turn/by turns. . .)

Quaerimus is the first person plural form of quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī/quaesiī, quaesītum (3): to ask; seek. Nōn: not. Quālis/quālis/ quāle (3, interrog. adj.): of what kind? Sit is the third person singular subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Quisque/quaeque/ quidque (pron.): each one, each person, each thing. Sed (conj.): but. Quantum, quantī (interrog. pron.): how great an amount? how much? (The genitive of value.) (. . . we ask not of what kind each thing is but of how much (monetary value).)

Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Eget is the third person singular form of egeō, egēre, eguī, egitūrus (2): to need; lack, be without (takes an ablative or genitive object). Dīvitiīs is the ablative form of dīvitiae, dīvitiārum (1f, plural only): riches, wealth. Timet is the third person singular form of timeō, timēre, timuī, — (2): to fear, be afraid. Prō (prep.): in front of; for, on behalf of. Illīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. (He who needs riches fears for them.)

Nēmō, nēminis (3m/f): no one. Autem (particle): but, however; and, moreover. Sollicitō is the m/n ablative singular form of sollicitus/sollicita/sollicitum (1/2): disturbed, anxious; causing or connected with anxiety. Bonō is the ablative singular form of bonum, bonī (2n): a good thing, a good. Fruitur is the third person singular form of fruor, fruī, frūctus sum (3, deponent): to enjoy, take pleasure or derive a benefit from (takes the ablative). (But no one enjoys a good connected with anxiety.)

Adiciō, adicere, adiēcī, adiectum (3): to throw (at); attach; add. Illīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Aliquid is the neuter accusative singular form of aliquis/aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, something; anyone, anything. Studet is the third person singular form of studeō, studēre, studuī, — (2): to devote oneself to, concern oneself with; strive (after/to), desire (with dative or infinitive). (He strives to add something to them.)

Dum (conj.): while; as long as; until. Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Incrēmentō is the ablative singular form of incrēmentum, incrēmentī (2n): increase. Cōgitat is the third person singular form of cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think. Oblītus est is the third person masculine singular perfect form of oblīvīscor, oblīvīscī, oblītus sum (3, deponent): to forget (often takes a genitive object). Ūsus, ūsūs (4m): use. (While he thinks about increase, he has forgotten (their) use.)

Vel (conj.): or. Sī (conj.): if. Māvīs is the second person singular form of mālō, mālle, māluī, — (irreg.): to prefer. Ita (adv.): so, thus. Fīniāmus is the first person plural subjunctive form of fīniō, fīnīre, fīnīvī/fīniī, fīnītum (4): to finish, end; define (subjunctive because it’s hortatory). (Or if you prefer, let us define (it/the disease) thus. . .)

Nimis (adv.): too much, excessively. Inmineō, inminēre, —, — (2—also immineō): to overhang; impend; strive after, be eager for. Leviter (adv.): lightly; slightly. Petendīs is the m/f/n (here n) dative plural form of petendus/petenda/petendum (1/2), the gerundive (to be desired) of petō, petere, petīvī/petiī, petītum (3): to direct one’s course to, make for; seek, pursue, desire; ask; attack. Vel (conj.): or. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from (takes the ablative); Tōtō is the m/n (here n) ablative singular form of tōtus/tōta/tōtum (1/2, irreg.): whole, total, all; ex tōtō = at all. Nōn: not. (. . . to strive too much (for things) slightly to be desired or (for things) not to be desired at all. . .)

Aut (conj.): or. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Magnō is the m/n ablative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large. Pretiō is the ablative singular form of pretium, pretiī (2n): price, value, worth. Habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have; hold. Aliquō is the m/n ablative singular form of aliquī/aliqua/aliquod (adj.): some. Habenda is the neuter accusative plural form of habendus/habenda/habendum (1/2), the gerundive (to be held) of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have; hold. Vel (conj.): or. Nūllō is the m/n ablative singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any, none. (. . . to hold in great value (things) to be held in some, or in none.)

Contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum (3): to despise, scorn. Aliquis /aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, one, something. Omnia is the neuter accusative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every; (n. pl. used substantively) all things, everything. Potest is the third person singular form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Nēmō, nēminis (3m/f): no one. (One is able to despise all things, no one is able to have all things.)

Brevissimus/ brevissima /brevissimum (1/2): very short/shortest, very/most brief—the superlative form of brevis/brevis/breve (3): short, brief. Ad (prep.): to (takes the accusative). Dīvitiās is the accusative form of dīvitiae, dīvitiārum (1f, plural only): wealth, riches. Per (prep.): through, by, by means of; during (takes accusative). Contemptum is the accusative singular form of contemptus, contemptūs (4m): contempt. Dīvitiae, dīvitiārum (1f, plural only): wealth, riches. Via, viae (1f): way, road. Est: is. (The shortest way to riches is through contempt of riches.)

An (interrog. particle): whether; or (in a question). Hās is the feminine accusative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Ideō (adv.): for that reason, therefore. Nōn: not. Putās is the second person singular form of putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum (1): to think, regard, suppose. Esse: to be. Dīvitiās is the accusative form of dīvitiae, dīvitiārum (1f, plural only): wealth, riches. Quia (conj.): because. Propter (prep.): because of, on account of (takes the accusative). Illās is the feminine accusative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it (them). Nēmō, nēminis (3m/f): no one. Prōscrīptus est is the third person masculine singular perfect passive form of prōscrībō, prōscrībere, prōscrīpsī, prōscrīptum (3): to publish a written notice; advertise, publish a notice announcing the sale of; to proscribe, outlaw, publish someone’s name in a list of outlaws (when one was “proscribed” under Sulla (82 bc) part of one’s estate would go to one’s killer, and the rest to the state). (Or for that reason do you think these not to be riches, because no one has been proscribed on account of them?)

Quia (conj.): because. Propter (prep.): because of, on account of (takes the accusative). Illās: them (see above). Nūllī is the m/f/n dative singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any; (m. sg. used substantively) no one. Venēnum is the accusative singular form of venēnum, venēnī (2n): poison. Fīlius, fīliī (2m): son. Uxor, uxōris (3f): wife. Inpēgit is the third person singular perfect form of inpingō, inpingere, inpēgī, inpāctum (3—also impingō): to dash, push, thrust, force upon (with dative). (Because on account of them a son has forced poison upon no one, a wife (has forced it) upon no one?)

Quia (conj.): because. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Bellō is the ablative singular form of bellum, bellī (2n): war. Tūtae is the feminine nominative plural form of tūtus/tūta/tūtum (1/2): safe, secure. Sunt: they are. Pāce is the ablative singular form of pāx, pācis (3f): peace. Ōtiōsae is the feminine nominative plural form of ōtiōsus/ōtiōsa/ōtiōsum (1/2): idle, at leisure; peaceful, calm, undisturbed. (Because they are secure in war? Because undisturbed in peace?)

Quia (conj.): because. Neque/ nec (conj.): and not, nor; (adv.): not; neither, not either, not even (nec. . . nec: neither. . . nor). Habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Illās: them (see above). Perīculōsus/perīculōsa/ perīculōsum (1/2): dangerous. Est: it is. Neque/ nec (conj.): nor. Operōsus/operōsa/ operōsum (1/2): laborious, troublesome, difficult. Dispōnō, dispōnere, disposuī, dispositum (3): to dispose, arrange; manage, administer. (Because it is neither dangerous to possess them nor difficult to manage (them)?)

Nōn: not. Quī/ quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Parum (indeclinable neuter noun, used only as nom. or acc. sg. —here it’s acc.): (too) little, not enough. Habet is the third person singular form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Sed (conj.): but. Plūs is the accusative singular form of plūs, plūris (3n): more. Cupit is the third person singular form of cupiō, cupere, cupīvī/cupiī, cupītum (3): to desire, long for. Pauper, pauperis (3, adj.): poor. Est: is. (Not he who has little, but he who desires more, is poor.)

Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Enim (particle): for, indeed. Rēfert, rēferre, rētulit, — (3, irreg. , impers.): it matters, it is important, it makes a difference. Quantum, quantī (interrog. pron.): how great an amount? how much? Illī is the m/f/n dative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Arcā is the ablative singular form of arca, arcae (1f): chest, box, safe. Horreīs is the ablative plural form of horreum, horreī (2n): storehouse, barn, granary. Iaceat is the third person singular subjunctive form of iaceō, iacēre, iacuī, iacitum (2): to lie (in a certain place or position) (subjunctive because it's in an indirect question). (For what does it matter how much lies for him in the safe, how much in the storehouses. . .)

Quantum is the accusative form of quantum, quantī (interrog. pron.): how great an amount? how much? Pāscat is the third person singular subjunctive form of pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstum (3): to feed, pasture; keep, rear (animals) (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Aut (conj.): or. Fēneret is the third person singular subjunctive form of fenerō, fenerāre, fenerāvī, fenerātum (1—also faenerō): to lend on interest; invest (also subjunctive in an indirect question). Sī (conj.): if. Aliēnō is the m/n dative singular form of aliēnus/aliēna/aliēnum (1/2): of another; alien, foreign. Inminet is the third person singular form of inmineō, inminēre, —, — (2—also immineō): to overhang; impend; strive after, be eager for, be bent on getting (takes the dative). (. . . how much he feeds/rears or invests, if he is bent on getting (the property) of another. . .)

Sī (conj.): if. Nōn: not. Adquīsīta is the neuter accusative plural form of adquīsītus/adquīsīta/adquīsītum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (acquired) of adquīrō, adquīrere, adquīsīvī/adquīsiī, adquīsītum (3—also acquīrō): to acquire, obtain. Sed (conj.): but. Adquīrenda is the neuter accusative plural form of adquīrendus/adquīrenda/adquīrendum (1/2), the gerundive (to be acquired) of adquīrō, adquīrere, adquīsīvī/adquīsiī, adquīsītum (3—also acquīrō): to acquire, obtain. Computat is the third person singular form of computō, computāre, computāvī, computātum (1): to calculate, compute. (. . . if he counts not the acquired things but (the things) to be acquired?)

Tunc (adv.): then (here it implies then and only then, then and no earlier). Beātum is the m/n accusative singular form of beātus/beāta/beātum (1/2): happy; prosperous. Esse: to be. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you (used reflexively: yourself). Iūdicā is the singular imperative form of iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātum (1): to judge; decide. (Then judge yourself to be happy. . .)

Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Tibi is the dative form of tū: you. Ex (prep.): out of, from (takes the ablative). Eā is the feminine ablative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that (it refers to perfecta ratiō, perfect reason—ratiō, ratiōnis (3f)). Gaudium, gaudiī (2n): joy. Omnis/omnis/ omne (3): every; all. Nāscētur is the third person singular future form of nāscor, nāscī, nātus sum (3, deponent): to be born; spring forth; be produced. (. . . when all joy is born for you out of this—i.e., reason. . .)

Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Vīsīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of vīsus/vīsa/vīsum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (seen) of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see (Vīsīs is the ablative absolute. You would normally expect to see a noun or pronoun as well as a participle to complete this construction; here the role of the (pro)noun is fulfilled by the relative clause that follows. There could have been an antecedent iīs, but it is left implied). Quae is the neuter accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Hominēs is the nominative plural form of homō, hominis (3m): man, human being. Ēripiunt is the third person plural form of ēripiō, ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptum (3, –iō): to snatch away; take violently; rescue. Optant is the third person plural form of optō, optāre, optāvī, optātum (1): to choose; wish for, desire. Custōdiunt is the third person plural form of custōdiō, custōdīre, custōdīvī/custōdiī, custōdītum (4): to guard, defend; keep, protect. (. . . when, (the things) having been seen that men take violently, desire, defend. . .)

Nihil (indeclinable neuter noun, here accusative): nothing. Invēneris is the second person singular future perfect form of inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum (4): to find. Nōn: not. Dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Mālīs is the second person singular subjunctive form of mālō, mālle, māluī, — (irreg.): to prefer. Sed (conj.): but. Velīs is the second person singular subjunctive form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish; require. The last two verbs are subjunctive because they’re in relative clauses of characteristic. (. . . you find nothing, I do not say that you prefer, but that you want/require).

Quārē (interrog. adv.): why? Opēs is the accusative plural form of ops, opis (3f): power, ability; aid, assistance; (plural) wealth, riches. Contemnendās is the feminine accusative plural form of contemnendus/contemnenda/contemnendum (1/2), the gerundive (to be despised) of contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum (3): to despise. Contemnendās is the passive periphrastic with esse implied. Dīcit is the third person singular form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say. Et (conj.): and. Habet is the third person singular form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. (Why does he say riches (to be—i.e., are) to be despised and have (them)?)

Et (conj.): and. Inter (prep.): between (takes the accusative). Longius is the neuter accusative singular form of longior/longior/longius (3): longer—the comparative form of longus/longa/longum (1/2): long. Tempus is the accusative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. Brevius is the neuter accusative singular form of brevior/brevior/brevius (3): shorter—the comparative form of brevis/brevis/breve (3): short. Nihil (indeclinable neuter noun, here accusative): nothing. Intersum, interesse, interfuī, interfutūrus (irreg.): to be between, lie between; differ, constitute a difference. Iūdicat is the third person singular form of iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātum (1): to judge; decide; pronounce. (And (why does he) pronounce nothing to differ between a long time and a short. . .)

Tamen (adv.) nevertheless, yet, still. Sī (conj.): if. Nihil (indeclinable neuter noun): nothing. Prohibet is the third person singular form of prohibeō, prohibēre, prohibuī, prohibitum (2): to prevent, hold back, restrain. Extendit is the third person singular form of extendō, extendere, extendī, extentum/extēnsum (3): to extend, stretch out. Aetātem is the accusative singular form of aetās, aetātis (3f): age, era; lifetime; period of a life. Et (conj.): and. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Multā is the feminine ablative singular form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many; great. Senectūte is the ablative singular form of senectūs, senectūtis (3f): old age. Placidus /placida/placidum (1/2): placid, peaceful. Viret is the third person singular form of vireō, virēre, viruī, — (2): to be green; flourish, be vigorous. (. . . yet, if nothing prevents (it), extend (his) life, and in great old age flourish peaceful(ly)?)

Ait is the third person singular form of aiō (3, defective): to say. Ista is neuter accusative plural form of iste/ista/istud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought; be bound. Contemnī is the passive infinitive form of contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum (3): to despise. Nōn: not. Nē (conj. , with subjunctive): lest, in order that. . . not. Habeat is the third person singular subjunctive form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have (both occurrences are subjunctive because they’re in purpose clauses). Sed (conj.): but. Sollicitus /sollicita/sollicitum (1/2): disturbed, troubled, anxious. (He says these things ought to be despised not in order that he not have (them), but in order that he not have (them while being) anxious—or: not have them anxious(ly).)

Ad (prep.): to, toward; for (takes the accusative). Supervacua is the neuter accusative plural form of supervacuus/supervacua/supervacuum (1/2): superfluous, unnecessary. Sūdātur is the third person singular passive form of sūdō, sūdāre, sūdāvī, sūdātum (1): to sweat (the passive form is used impersonally). (It is sweated—i.e., one sweats, we sweat—for superfluous things.)

Illa is the neuter nominative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Sunt: (they) are. Quae is the f/n nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Togam is the accusative singular form of toga, togae (1f): toga. Conterunt is the third person plural form of conterō, conterere, contrīvī, contrītum (3): to grind, crush; wear out. (Those are the things that wear out the toga. . .)

Quae: is the f/n nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Nōs is the accusative form of nōs: we (us). Senēscō, senēscere, senuī, — (3): to grow old. Sub (prep.): (with abl.) under, beneath; (with acc.) under (with motion), toward and under. Tentōriō is the ablative singular form of tentōrium, tentōriī (2n): tent. Cōgunt is the third person plural form of cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum (3): to drive together, round up; collect; restrict; force. (. . . that force us to grow old under a tent. . .)

Quae: see above. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into, onto, against. Aliēna is the neuter accusative plural form of aliēnus/aliēna/aliēnum (1/2): of another, belonging to another; alien, foreign, unfamiliar. Lītora is the accusative plural form of lītus, lītoris (3n): shore, beach. Inpingunt is the third-person plural present form of inpingō, inpingere, inpēgī , inpactum (3): to thrust, strike, dash (against). (. . . that dash (us) against/on foreign shores.)

Ad (prep): to; at (takes the accusative). Manum is the accusative singular form of manus, manūs (4f): hand. Est: is. Quī/quae/ quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Sat is another form of satis (adv.): enough. (What is enough is at hand.)

Quīcumque is the masculine nominative plural form of quīcumque/quaecumque/quodcumque (rel. pron.): whoever, whatever. Voluptātem is the accusative singular form of voluptās, voluptātis (3f): pleasure. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Summō is the m/n ablative singular form of summus/summa/summum (1/2): highest; top (neuter used substantively). Pōnunt is the third person plural form of pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum (3): to place, put, set up. (Whoever puts/whatever people put pleasure on top/in the highest (position). . .)

Sēnsibile is the neuter accusative singular form of sēnsibilis/sēnsibilis/sēnsibile (3): sensible (able to be perceived by the senses). Iūdicant is the third person plural form of iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātum (1): to judge; decide. Bonum is the accusative singular form of bonum, bonī (2n): a good thing, a good or the good. Nōs: we. Contrā (adv.): on the opposite side; on the other hand, by contrast; in response. Intellegibile is the neuter accusative singular form of intellegibilis/intellegibilis/intellegibile (3): intelligible; intellectual; capable of appreciation by the mind. (. . . judge the good sensible; we, on the other hand, (judge it) intellectual. . .)

Quī is the masculine nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Illud is the neuter accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Animō is the dative singular form of animus, animī (2m): mind; soul. Damus is the first person plural form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give; offer; assign. (. . . who assign it to the mind.)

Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul. Est: it is. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Dīvitēs is the m/f accusative plural form of dīves, dīvitis (3, adj.): rich. Facit is the third person singular form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make, create. (It is the mind that makes the rich.)

Hic /haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Exilia is the accusative plural form of exilium, exiliī (2n—also exsilium): banishment, exile. Sequitur is the third person singular form of sequor, sequī, secūtus sum (3, deponent): to follow. (This follows (us) into exile(s). . .)

Et (conj.): and. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Sōlitūdinibus is the ablative plural form of sōlitūdō, sōlitūdinis (3f): loneliness, solitude; wilderness. Asperrimīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of asperrimus/asperrima/asperrimum (1/2): roughest; harshest—the superlative form of asper/aspera/asperum (1/2): rough; harsh. Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Quantum, quantī (rel. pron.): how much, as much as, as great an amount as. Satis (adv.): enough. Est: is. Sustinendō is the m/n dative singular form of sustinendus/sustinenda/sustinendum (1/2), the gerundive (to be sustained) of sustineō, sustinēre, sustinuī, sustentum (2): to support, sustain, preserve. Corporī is the dative singular form of corpus, corporis (3n): body. (The gerundive in the dative case works like a gerund to describe purpose. Sustinendō corporī = for sustaining the body.) Invēnit is the third person singular perfect form of inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum (4): to find. (. . . and in the roughest wildernesses, when it has found how much is enough for sustaining the body. . .)

Ipse /ipsa/ipsum (pron. or adj.): himself/herself/itself/etc. ; the very. Bonīs is the ablative plural form of bonum, bonī (2n): a good thing, a good. Suīs: its (own) (the m/f/n ablative plural form of suus/sua/suum) (1/2). Abundat is the third person singular form of abundō, abundāre, abundāvī, abundātum (1): to overflow; abound in (takes the ablative). Et (conj.): and. Fruitur is the third person singular form of fruor, fruī, frūctus sum (3, deponent): to enjoy, take pleasure or derive a benefit from (takes the ablative). (. . . it itself abounds in and enjoys its own goods.)