Chapter 7: What Others Think

Inter (prep.): among; between; during (takes the accusative). Causās is the accusative plural form of causa, causae (1f): cause, reason. Malōrum is the genitive plural form of malum, malī (2n): a bad thing; evil; trouble, misfortune. Nostrōrum is the m/n genitive plural form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Est: is. (Among the causes of our evils is. . .)

Quod (conj.): that; the fact that; in that; because. Vīvimus is the first person plural form of vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live. Ad (prep.): to; according to (takes the accusative). Exempla is the accusative plural form of exemplum, exemplī (2n): example, pattern. (. . . that we live according to examples. . .)

Nec (conj.): and not, neither, nor. Ratiōne is the ablative singular form of ratiō, ratiōnis (3f): calculation; reason; reasoning; method. Conpōnimur is the first person plural passive form of conpōnō, conpōnere, conposuī, conpositum (3—also compōnō): to arrange, order, settle, control. Sed (conj.): but. Cōnsuētūdine is the ablative singular form of cōnsuētūdō, cōnsuētūdinis (3f): habituation, custom, experience, familiarity. Abdūcimur is the first person plural passive form of abdūcō, abdūcere, abdūxī, abductum (3): to lead away, carry off, seduce. (. . . and we are not controlled by reason but are carried off by custom.)

Quis /quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Enim (particle): for, indeed. Nescit is the third person singular form of nesciō, nescīre, nescīvī/nesciī, nescītum (4): to not know. Nihil (indeclinable neuter noun, here accusative): nothing. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from (takes the ablative). Hīs is the m/f/n (here n) ablative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Quae is the f/n nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Crēduntur is the third person plural passive form of crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum (3): to believe. Mala is the neuter nominative plural form of malus/mala/malum (1/2): bad; evil. Aut (conj.): or. Bona is the neuter nominative plural form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Ita (adv.): so, thus. Vidērī is the passive infinitive form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see; (in the passive) seem, appear. Sapientī is the dative singular form of sapiēns, sapientis (3m): wise man, sage. Ut (rel. adv.): as; ita and ut are used correlatively here to mean so. . . as. Omnibus is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): every; all. (For who does not know nothing out of these things, which are believed bad or good, to seem—i.e., who does not know that nothing. . . seems—so to the sage as to all (people)?)

Nōn: not. Respicit is the third person singular form of respiciō, respicere, respexī, respectum (3, –iō): to look back (at); have regard for. Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Hominēs is the nominative plural form of homō, hominis (3m): man, human being. Turpe is the neuter accusative singular form of turpis/turpis/turpe (3): foul, ugly; shameful, dishonorable. Iūdicent is the third person plural subjunctive form of iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātum (1): to judge; decide (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Aut (conj.): or. Miserum is the m/n accusative singular form of miser/misera/miserum (1/2): wretched, miserable. (He does not have regard for what people judge shameful or wretched. . .)

Nōn: not. It is the third person singular form of eō, īre, iī/īvī, itum (irreg.): to go. Quā (rel. adv.): by which way. Populus, populī (2m): people, the people. (. . . he does not go by which way the people (go). . .)

Sed (conj.): but. Ut (rel. adv.): as. Sīdera is the nominative plural form of sīdus, sīderis (3n): heavenly body—star, planet, constellation. Contrārium is the m/n accusative singular form of contrārius/contrāria/contrārium (1/2): opposite, contrary; going in the opposite direction (commonly takes the dative). Mundō is the dative singular form of mundus, mundī (2m): universe; world. Iter is the accusative singular form of iter, itineris (3n): route, journey. Intendunt is the third person plural form of intendō, intendere, intendī, intentum (3): to stretch out; direct, direct one’s course. (. . . but as the planets direct (their) route (in the) opposite (direction) to the universe. . .)

Ita (adv.): so, thus; ut and ita are again being used as correlatives (as. . . so). Hic /haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Adversus (prep.): against. Opīniōnem is the accusative singular form of opīniō, opīniōnis (3f): opinion, belief. Omnium is the m/f/n (here m) genitive plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Vādit is the third person singular form of vādō, vādere, vāsī, — (3): to go, walk, move (especially quickly, violently or purposefully). (. . . so he walks against the opinion of all.)

Quantus/ quanta /quantum (1/2, interrog. adj.): how great? how much? Autem (particle): but, however; and, moreover. Dēmentia, dēmentiae (1f): madness, insanity. Eius is the m/f/n genitive singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Est: is. (But how great is the madness of him. . .)

Quem: whom—the masculine accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Clāmōrēs is the nominative plural form of clāmor, clāmōris (3m): shout, shouting, clamor; acclamation. Inperītōrum is the m/n (here m) genitive plural form of inperītus/inperīta/inperītum (1/2—also imperītus): ignorant, inexperienced. Hilarem is the m/f accusative singular form of hilaris/hilaris/hilare (3): cheerful. Ex /ē (prep.): from, out of (takes the ablative). Audītōriō is the ablative singular form of audītōrium, audītōriī (2n): lecture hall; audience. Dīmittunt is the third person plural form of dīmittō, dīmittere, dīmīsī, dīmissum (3): to send away, dismiss. (. . . whom the shouts of the ignorant send forth cheerful from the lecture hall?).

Quid (interrog. adv.): why? Laetāris is the second person singular form of laetor, laetārī, laetātus sum (1, deponent): to be delighted, rejoice. Quod (conj.): that; the fact that; in that; because. Ab /ā (prep.): from; by (takes the ablative). Hominibus is the ablative plural form of homō, hominis (3m): man, human being. Hīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Laudātus es is the second person masculine singular perfect passive form of laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum (1): to praise. (Why are you delighted because you have been praised by these men. . .)

Quōs is the masculine accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Nōn: not. Potes is the second person singular form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Ipse /ipsa/ipsum (pron. or adj.): himself/herself/itself/yourself/etc. ; in person; the very. Laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum (1): to praise. (. . . whom you are not able to praise yourself?)

Omittō, omittere, omīsī, omissum (3): to let go; disregard, omit, pass over. Nōbilitātem is the accusative singular form of nōbilitās, nōbilitātis (3f): celebrity, fame; nobility of birth. Fāmamque: fāmam is the accusative singular form of fāma, fāmae (1f): fame, rumor, reputation; the talk of the multitude (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Populārem is the m/f accusative singular form of populāris/populāris/populāre (3): popular; of the people. (I pass over celebrity and popular fame. . .)

Stultōrum is the m/n (here m) genitive plural form of stultus/stulta/stultum (1/2): foolish, stupid. Improbōrumque is the m/n (here m) genitive plural form of improbus/improba/improbum (1/2): below standard; morally bad, vile, shameless, dishonest. Cōnsēnsū is the ablative singular form of cōnsēnsus, cōnsēnsūs (4m): consensus, agreement. Excitātam is the feminine accusative singular form of excitātus/excitāta/excitātum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (built) of excitō, excitāre, excitāvī, excitātum (1): to rouse; build. (. . . built by the consensus of the stupid and vile.)

An (interrog. particle): whether; or (in a question); sometimes just starts a question without needing to be translated. Quisquam/ quidquam (pron. ; the neuter form is also spelled quicquam): anyone, anything. Stultior/stultior/ stultius (3): more foolish, more stupid—the comparative form of stultus/stulta/stultum (1/2): foolish; stupid. Quam (rel. adv.): than. ((Is) anything more stupid than. . .)

Quōs: whom—the masculine accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Singulōs is the masculine accusative plural form of singulus/singula/singulum (1/2): single, separate, individual; (in pl.) one by one, one at a time, each individually, taken separately. Sīcut (conj.): as, just as, like. Operāriōs is the accusative plural form of operārius, operāriī (2m): laborer, working man (a substantive use of operārius/operāria/operārium (1/2): working for hire, laboring). Barbarōsque: Barbarōs is the accusative plural form of barbarus, barbarī (2m): foreigner; barbarian (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Contemnās is the second person singular subjunctive form of contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum (3): to despise, scorn (a potential subjunctive). (whom taken separately you despise as laborers and barbarians. . .)

Eōs is the masculine accusative plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Aliquid is the neuter accusative singular form of aliquis/aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, something; anyone, anything. Putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum (1): to suppose, imagine, think; clean. Esse: to be. Ūniversōs is the masculine accusative plural form of ūniversus/ūniversa/ūniversum (1/2): whole, entire, taken collectively; note that singulī (taken one by one) and ūniversī (taken together) work rhetorically as opposites. (. . . to think those (men) taken together to be something—i.e., to think that those men taken together are something?)

Vērus/ vēra /vērum (1/2): true. Autem (particle): but, however; and, moreover. Et (conj.): and. Sapiēns, sapientis (3, adj.): wise. Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul. Magnitūdō, magnitūdinis (3f): magnitude, greatness, bulk. (Moreover, true and wise greatness of spirit. . . (this phrase serves as the subject of the eventual verb iūdicat— regards))

Honestum is the accusative singular form of honestum, honestī (2n): that which is honorable, virtue, rectitude (a substantive use of honestus/honesta/honestum (1/2): honorable). Illud is the neuter accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (adj.): that. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Maximē (adv.): most; chiefly; especially; very much. Nātūra, nātūrae (1f): nature. Sequitur is the third person singular form of sequor, sequī, secūtus sum (3, deponent): to follow; strive after. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Factīs is the ablative plural form of factum, factī (2n): fact, deed—originally the neuter form of factus/facta/factum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (done) of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Positum is the m/n accusative singular form of positus/posita/positum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (placed, located) of pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum (3): to place, set up. Nōn: not. Glōriā is the ablative singular form of glōria, glōriae (1f): glory, fame. Iūdicat is the third person singular form of iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātum (1): to judge; decide. (. . . regards that virtue which nature most strives after (as) located in deeds, not in fame. . .)

Prīncipemque: prīncipem is the m/f accusative singular form of prīnceps, prīncipis (3, adj.): first, foremost, chief (the enclitic conjunction – que adds and). Sē: itself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Esse: to be. Māvult is the third person singular form of mālō, mālle, māluī, — (irreg.): to prefer. Quam (rel. adv.): than. Vidērī is the passive infinitive form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see; (in the passive) seem. (. . . and prefers itself to be first rather than to seem (it).)

Etenim (conj.): and indeed, the fact is, for. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ex /ē (prep.): out of, from (takes the ablative). Errōre is the ablative singular form of error, errōris (3m): wandering; wavering; error, mistake. Imperītae is the feminine genitive singular form of imperītus/imperīta/imperītum (1/2): inexperienced, ignorant. Multitūdō, multitūdinis (3f): multitude, crowd. Pendet is the third person singular form of pendeō, pendēre, pependī, — (2): to be suspended; depend upon. (Indeed, he who is suspended from/depends on the wavering of the ignorant multitude. . .)

Hic /haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on, among; (with acc.) into. Magnīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large. Virīs is the ablative plural form of vir, virī (2m): man. Nōn: not. Est: is. Habendus /habenda/habendum (1/2) is the gerundive (to be held) of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have; hold. Est habendus is the passive periphrastic: he must not be held. (. . . this (one) is not to be held among the great men.)

Nōn: not. Tam (adv.): so (much), to such a degree. Bene (adv.): well. Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Rēbus is the ablative plural form of rēs, reī (5f): thing; matter, affair. Hūmānīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of hūmānus/hūmāna/hūmānum (1/2): human. Agitur is the third person singular passive form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do; act; deal (with) (used impersonally). (It is not done/dealt so well with human affairs—i.e., human affairs are not dealt with so well. . .)

Ut (conj.): that. Meliōra is the neuter nominative plural form of melior/melior/melius (3): better—the comparative form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Plūribus is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of plūrēs/plūrēs/plūra (3): more numerous, more (in number); many; the majority. Placeant is the third person plural subjunctive form of placeō, placēre, placuī, placitum (2): to please, be pleasing to (subjunctive because it’s in a result clause). (. . . that better things are pleasing to more (people).)

Argūmentum, argūmentī (2n): argument; evidence, proof. Pessimī: of the worst (thing)—the m/n (here n) genitive singular form of pessimus/pessima/pessimum (1/2): very bad/worst—the superlative form of malus/mala/malum (1/2): bad; evil. Turba, turbae (1f): crowd. Est: is. (A proof of the worst is the crowd.)

Surdum is the m/n accusative singular form of surdus/surda/surdum (1/2): deaf. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Amantissimīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of amantissimus/amantissima/amantissimum (1/2): most loving—the superlative form of amāns, amantis (3, adj.): loving. Tuīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Praestā is the singular imperative form of praestō, praestāre, praestitī, praestātum (1): to stand in front; stand out, be excellent; be responsible for; fulfill, discharge; make available, give, provide, supply; (with reflexive pronoun) show (oneself in a certain way). (Show yourself deaf to your most loving ones.)

Bonō is the m/n ablative singular form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Animō is the ablative singular form of animus, animī (2m): mind, soul; will, intention. Mala is the accusative plural form of malum, malī (2n): a bad thing; evil; trouble, misfortune. Precantur is the third person plural form of precor, precārī, precātus sum (1, deponent): to pray. (They pray for bad things with a good intention.)

Et (conj.): and. Sī (conj.): if. Esse: to be. Vīs is the second person singular form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to wish, want. Fēlīx, fēlīcis (3, adj.): happy, fortunate. (And if you want to be happy. . .)

Deōs is the accusative plural form of deus, deī (2m, irreg.): god, deity. Ōrā is the singular imperative form of ōrō, ōrāre, ōrāvī, ōrātum (1): to pray; beg; orate. Nē (conj.): lest, that not. Quis/qua/ quid (pron): (in some clauses, especially after sī, nisi, num and nē) anyone, anything; someone, something. Tibi is the dative form of tū: you (to you). Ex /ē (prep.): from, out of (takes the ablative). Hīs is the m/f/n (here n) ablative plural form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Quae is the f/n nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Optantur is the third person plural passive form of optō, optāre, optāvī, optātum (1): to choose; wish for, desire. Ēveniat is the third person singular subjunctive form of ēveniō, ēvenīre, ēvēnī, ēventum (4): to happen (subjunctive because it’s an indirect command). (. . . beg the gods that not anything out of these things that are wished for happen to you.)

Nōn: not. Sunt: (they) are. Ista is the neuter nominative plural form of iste/ista/istud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Bona is the nominative plural form of bonum, bonī (2n): a good thing, a good. (Those are not goods. . .)

Quae is the neuter accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into, onto—or, like here, simply on with motion. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Istī is the masculine nominative plural form of iste/ista/istud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Volunt is the third person plural form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish. Congerī is the passive infinitive form of congerō, congerere, congessī, congestum (3): to bring together, collect; heap up. (. . . which those (people) wish to be heaped on you.)

Ūnus/ūna/ ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one; alone; only, sole, single. Bonum, bonī (2n): a good thing, a good. Est: there is. (There is one good. . .)

Quī/quae/ quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Beātae is the feminine genitive singular form of beātus/beāta/beātum (1/2): happy, fortunate. Vīta, vītae (1f): life. Causa, causae (1f): cause, reason. Et (conj.): and. Firmāmentum, firmāmentī (2n): support, prop. Est: is. (. . . which is the cause and support of a happy life. . .)

Sibi: (to) oneself—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Fīdō, fīdere, fīsus sum (3, semi-deponent): to trust (can take a dative object). (. . . to trust oneself.)

Et (adv.): also; even. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Vestīmentīs is the ablative plural form of vestīmentum, vestīmentī (2n): garment, clothing; bedclothes. Vir, virī (2m): man. Fortis /fortis/forte (3): brave; strong. Appāret is the third person singular form of appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; appear; be evident or clear. (A brave man appears even in bedclothes.)

Habēs is the second person singular form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Agās is the second person singular subjunctive form of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do; act, behave (subjunctive because it expresses purpose). (You have what you may do—i.e., you have something to do. . .)

Bene (adv.): well. Luctāre is the singular imperative form of luctor, luctārī, luctātus sum (1, deponent): to wrestle, struggle. Cum (prep.): with (takes the ablative). Morbō is the ablative singular form of morbus, morbī (2m): disease. (. . . –wrestle well with disease.)

Sī (conj.): if. Nihil (indeclinable neuter noun, here accusative): nothing. Tē is the accusative form of tū: you. Coēgerit is the third person singular future perfect form of cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctum (3): to drive together, round up; collect; restrict; force, compel. Sī (conj.): if. Nihil (indeclinable neuter noun, here accusative): nothing. Exōrāverit is the third person singular future perfect form of exōrō, exōrāre, exōrāvī, exōrātum (1): to move, prevail upon, persuade by entreaty. (If it will force you (to do) nothing, if it will persuade you (to do) nothing. . .)

Īnsigne is the neuter accusative singular form of īnsignis/īnsignis/īnsigne (3): distinguished, remarkable, notable. Prōdis is the second person singular form of prōdō, prōdere, prōdidī, prōditum (3): to give, put forth; hand down, transmit; betray. Exemplum is the accusative singular form of exemplum, exemplī (2n): example. (. . . you are putting forth a distinguished example.)

Ō (interjection): O! Oh! Quam (interrog. adv.): how (much)? to what degree? Magnus/ magna /magnum (1/2): great, large; important. Erat is the third person singular imperfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be; he is using the imperfect indicative here in place of the more typical subjunctive to express a present contrary-to-fact conditional. Glōria, glōriae (1f): glory. Māteria, māteriae (1f): material, matter; source. (Oh how great the material was—i.e., would be—for glory. . .)

Sī (conj.): if. Spectārēmur is the first person plural imperfect passive subjunctive form of spectō, spectāre, spectāvī, spectātum (1): to watch, look at, observe, see as a spectator (imperfect subjunctive because it’s present contrary to fact). Aegrī is the masculine nominative plural form of aeger/aegra/aegrum (1/2): sick. (. . . if we were observed sick!)

Ipse /ipsa/ipsum (pron. or adj.): himself/herself/itself/yourself/etc. ; in person; the very (an emphatic) you Tē is the accusative form of tū: you (used reflexively: yourself). Spectā is the singular imperative form of spectō, spectāre, spectāvī, spectātum (1): to watch, look at, observe, see as a spectator. Laudā is the singular imperative form of laudō, laudāre, laudāvī, laudātum (1): to praise. (Yourself observe yourself, yourself praise yourself; or, less literally and less awkwardly: You, observe yourself; you, praise yourself—i.e., as commands.)

Bene (adv.): well. Et (adv.): also; even. Ille /illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Quisquis /quidquid (rel. pron. ; the neuter form is also spelled quicquid): whoever, whatever. Fuit is the third person singular perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. (He too (spoke— bene remotely modifies the verb inquit, coming later) well, whoever it was. . .)

Ambigitur is the third person singular passive form of ambigō, ambigere, —, — (3): to dispute, quarrel; hesitate, doubt, question (impersonal passive). Enim (particle): for, indeed. Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Auctōre is the ablative singular form of auctor, auctōris (3m/f): creator; author; supporter; initiator; agent; seller. (. . . for it is doubted—i.e., there is doubt—about the author. . .)

Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Quaererētur is the third person singular imperfect passive subjunctive form of quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī/quaesiī, quaesitum (3): to seek; ask (subjunctive because it’s in a historical cum clause). Ab /ā (prep.): from; by (takes the ablative). Illō is the m/n ablative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she it. (. . . when it was sought from/asked of him. . .)

Quō (interrog. adv.): where (to)? whither? to what place? to what aim or purpose? at what? Tantus/ tanta /tantum (1/2): so/such great, so much. Dīligentia, dīligentiae (1f): carefulness, diligence. Ars, artis (3f): skill, art. Spectāret is the third person singular imperfect subjunctive form of spectō, spectāre, spectāvī, spectātum (1): to watch, look at; aim at, strive after (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Ad (prep.): to; at (takes the accusative). Paucissimōs is the masculine accusative plural form of paucissimus/paucissima/paucissimum (1/2): (in sg. , rare) very small/smallest, very little/littlest; (in pl. , the more common usage) very few—the superlative form of paucus/pauca/paucum (1/2): (in sg. , rare) small; (in pl. , the more common usage) few. Perventūrae is the feminine genitive singular form of perventūrus/perventūra/perventūrum (1/2), the future active participle (about to arrive) of perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventum (4): to come (all the way to a place), arrive, reach. (. . . what such great diligence of—i.e., in—an art about to arrive at very few was aiming at. . .)

Satis (adv.): enough. Sunt: (they) are. Inquit is the third person singular form of inquam (irreg. and defective): to say (inquit = he/she/it says or said), used almost exclusively to introduce direct speech (as here). Mihi: for me—the dative singular form of ego: I. Paucī is the masculine nominative plural form of paucus/pauca/paucum (1/2): (in sg. , rare) little; (in pl. , the more frequent usage) few. Est: is. Ūnus /ūna/ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one; alone; only, sole, single. Nūllus /nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any, none. (Few are enough for me, he said, one is enough, none is enough.)

Adeō (adv.): so much, to such an extent, so completely, so true is it that. Frūctus, frūctūs (4m): fruit; product, profit; success. Contumēlia, contumēliae (1f): insult, abuse; humiliation, injury. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Sēnsū is the ablative singular form of sēnsus, sēnsūs (4m): faculty of feeling or perception; feeling, disposition; sense. Et (conj.): and. Indignātiōne is the ablative singular form of indignātiō, indignātiōnis (3f): indignation, displeasure. Patiēns, patientis (3) is the present active participle (suffering) of patior, patī, passus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to undergo, suffer, endure; allow (i.e., of the suffering (person)—i.e., of the victim). Est: is. (So much is the success of an insult in the feeling and displeasure of the suffering.)

Contemptus, contemptūs (4m): contempt, scorn; ignominy. Superest is the third person singular form of supersum, superesse, superfuī, superfutūrus (irreg.): to remain, be left over. Cuius: of which—the m/f/n genitive singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Modum is the accusative singular form of modus, modī (2m): measure, size; limit; manner. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Suā: his (own)—the feminine ablative singular form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Potestāte is the ablative singular form of potestās, potestātis (3f): power, control. Habet is the third person singular form of habeo, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. (Contempt remains, the measure of which he has in his own control. . .)

Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Illum is the masculine accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she it. Sibi: to himself—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Adiūnxit is the third person singular perfect form of adiungō, adiungere, adiūnxī, adiūnctum (3): to connect, attach; harness; bind, join, associate, bring close. (. . . who has harnessed/associated it to himself. . .)

Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Contemnitur is the third person singular passive form of contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptum (3): to despise, scorn. Quia (conj.): because. Voluit is the third person singular perfect form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish. Nōn: not. Dēbuit is the third person singular perfect form of dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitum (2): to owe; ought; have to. (. . . who is despised because he wanted (to be), not because he ought (to be).)

Magnī is the m/n genitive singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large; important. Animus, animī (2m): mind, soul (the genitive of characteristic; see Chapter 26 of The Latin Tamer). Est: it is. Iniūriās is the accusative plural form of iniūria, iniūriae (1f): injury, harm, wrong, injustice. Dēspiciō, dēspicere, dēspexī, dēspectum (3, –iō): to despise, look down on. (It is (characteristic) of a great mind to despise injuries.)

Ultiō, ultiōnis (3f): revenge. Contumēliōsissimus/contumēliōsissima/ contumēliōsissimum (1/2): most abusive, most insulting—the superlative form of contumēliōsus/contumēliōsa/contumēliōsum (1/2): abusive, insulting. Genus, generis (3n): kind, type; birth, descent. Est: is. Nōn: not. Esse vīsum is the perfect passive infinitive (to have been seen, to have seemed) of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see; (in the passive) seem (the participle vīsum is masculine because it refers to a person, and accusative because it applies to the implied subject of a substantive infinitive phrase; see Chapter 28 of The Latin Tamer). Dignum is the m/n (here m) accusative singular form of dignus/digna/dignum (1/2): worthy (it can take a relative clause with a verb in the subjunctive to express what one is worthy of; see next paragraph). (The most insulting kind of revenge is to not have seemed worthy. . .)

Ex /ē (prep.): from, out of (takes the ablative). Quō is the m/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Peterētur is the third person singular imperfect passive subjunctive form of petō, petere, petīvī/petiī, petītum (3): to direct one’s course to, make for; seek; ask; attack. Ultiō, ultiōnis (3f): revenge. (. . . from whom revenge might be sought—i.e., to be sought revenge from).

Multī is the masculine nominative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Levēs is the m/f accusative plural form of levis/levis/leve (3): light; slight; fickle. Iniūriās: injuries, wrongs (accusative; see above). Altius (adv.): higher, too high; more deeply, too deeply—the comparative form of altē (adv.): high; deep/deeply. Sibi: to/for themselves—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Dēmīsēre (variant of dēmīsērunt) is the third person plural perfect form of dēmittō, dēmittere, dēmīsī, dēmissum (3): to send down, cast down, let sink. Dum (conj.): while; as long as; until. Vindicant is the third person plural form of vindicō, vindicāre, vindicāvī, vindicātum (1): to lay claim to; avenge. (Many have let slight injuries sink too deeply for themselves—i.e., affect them too deeply—while they avenge (them).)

Ille /illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she it. Magnus /magna/magnum (1/2): great, large; important. Et (conj.): and. Nōbilis /nōbilis/nōbile (3): well-known, renowned, famous; noble; high-born. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Mōre is the ablative singular form of mōs, mōris (3m): custom; manner. Magnae is the feminine genitive singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large; important. Fera, ferae (1f): wild beast. Lātrātūs is the accusative plural form of lātrātus, lātrātūs (4m): barking. Minūtōrum is the m/n genitive plural form of minūtus/minūta/minūtum (1/2): little; petty. Canum is the genitive plural form of canis, canis (3m/f): dog. Sēcūrus /sēcūra/sēcūrum (1/2): carefree, unconcerned, fearless, serene. Exaudit is the third person singular form of exaudiō, exaudīre, exaudīvī/exaudiī, exaudītum (4): to hear. (He (is) great and noble who, in the manner of a great beast, hears unconcerned the barkings of little dogs.)

Nūllīus is the m/f/n (here m) genitive singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): not any, no, none; (masc. sg. used substantively) no one. Ergō (particle): therefore, then. Movēbitur is the third person singular future passive form of moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtum (2): to move, disturb, excite. Contumēliā is the ablative singular form of contumēlia, contumēliae (1f): insult; humiliation. (He will be moved, then, by the insult of no one.)

Omnēs is the m/f (here m) nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Inter (prep.): among; between (takes the accusative). Sē: themselves—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Differant is the third person plural subjunctive form of differō, differre, distulī, dīlātum (3, irreg.): to carry away in different directions, scatter; spread; postpone; differ (subjunctive because it expresses a concession). (For let all differ/all may differ between themselves. . .)

Sapiēns, sapientis (3m): wise man, sage. Quidem (particle): at any rate; indeed, certainly; for my/your/his/etc. part. Parēs is the m/f accusative plural form of pār, paris (3, adj.): equal, comparable. Illōs is the masculine accusative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Ob (prep.): because of; towards, against (takes the accusative). Aequālem is the m/f accusative singular form of aequālis/aequālis/aequāle (3): equal, comparable. Stultitiam is the accusative singular form of stultitia, stultitiae (1f): stupidity, foolishness. Omnīs is the m/f accusative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): every; all. Putat is the third person singular form of putō, putāre, putāvī, putātum (1): to suppose, imagine, think, regard. (The sage, for his part, thinks them all comparable because of (their) equal stupidity.)

Nam (particle): for, because; certainly. Sī (conj.): if. Semel (adv.): once, a single time. Sē: himself — the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Dēmīserit is the third person singular future perfect form of dēmittō, dēmittere, dēmīsī, dēmissum (3): to send down, cause to fall, lower. (For if he once lowers himself. . .)

Eō (adv.): there (with motion), thither, to that place; to such a point, so far. Ut (conj. , with subjunctive): that. Aut (conj.): or (aut. . . aut = either. . . or). Iniūriā is the ablative singular form of iniūria, iniūriae (1f): injury, wrong, injustice. Moveātur is the third person singular passive subjunctive form of moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtum (2): to move. Aut (conj.): or. Contumēliā is the ablative singular form of contumēlia, contumēliae (1f): insult; humiliation. (. . . so far that he is moved by either injury or insult. . .)

Nōn: not. Poterit is the third person singular future form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Umquam (adv.): at any time, ever. Esse: to be. Sēcūrus /sēcūra/sēcūrum (1/2): carefree, untroubled, serene. (. . . he will not ever be able to be untroubled.)

Lībertās, lībertātis (3f): liberty, freedom. Est: is. Animum is the accusative singular form of animus, animī ((2m): mind. Superpōnō, superpōnere, superposuī, superpositum (3): to place over or above (something in the dative). Iniūriīs is the dative plural form of iniūria, iniūriae (1f): injury, wrong, injustice, offense. (Freedom is placing the mind above injuries. . .)

Et (conj.): and. Eum is the masculine accusative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Sē: oneself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. (. . . and making oneself him/that person/the kind of person. . .)

Ex /ē (prep.): from, out of (takes the ablative). Quō is the m/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Sōlō is the m/n ablative singular form of sōlus/sōla/sōlum (1/2, irreg.): alone, only. Sibi: to/for/by him(self)—the dative form of the reflexive pronoun (dative of agent with the gerundive that follows). Gaudenda is the neuter nominative plural form of gaudendus/gaudenda/gaudendum (1/2), the gerundive (to be rejoiced in) of gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsus sum (2, semi-deponent): to rejoice (in). Veniant is the third person plural subjunctive form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come (subjunctive because it’s in a relative clause of characteristic). (. . . from whom alone the things to be rejoiced in by him(self) come. . .)

Exteriōra is the neuter accusative plural form of exterior/exterior/exterius (3): outer, outward and visible, exterior—the comparative form of exter/extera/exterum (1/2): situated outside, external. Dīdūcō, dīdūcere, dīdūxī, dīductum (3): to draw apart, separate, divide. Ab/ ā (prep.): from; by (takes the ablative). Sē: oneself — the ablative form of the reflexive pronoun. (. . . (freedom is/means) separating outward things from oneself. . .)

Ne (conj.): lest, in order that not. Inquiētus/ inquiēta /inquiētum (1/2): restless, uneasy, deprived of one’s peace of mind. Agendus/ agenda /agendum (1/2) is the gerundive (to be led) of agō, agere, ēgī, āctum (3): to drive, set in motion; do, act; lead. Sit is the third person singular subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in a purpose clause). Agenda sit is the passive periphrastic. Vīta, vītae (1f): life. (. . . in order that an unquiet life not be to be led/not have to be led. . .).

Omnium is the m/f/n (here m) genitive plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): every; all; (in m. pl.) all people, everyone. Rīsūs is the accusative plural form of rīsus, rīsūs (4m): laughter. Linguās is the accusative plural form of lingua, linguae (1f): tongue; language, speech. Timentī is the m/f/n (here m) ablative singular form of timēns, timentis (3), the present active participle (fearing) of timeō, timēre, timuī, — (2): to fear, be afraid (the dative of agent with the gerundive agenda). (. . . by one fearing the laughter(s) of everyone, the tongues of everyone.)

Quis /quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Enim (particle): for, indeed. Est: is there. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Nōn: not. Possit is the third person singular subjunctive form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can (it’s subjunctive because this is a relative clause of characteristic). Contumēliam is the accusative singular form of contumēlia, contumēliae (1f): insult, abuse; humiliation, injury. Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Sī (conj.): if. Quisquam /quidquam (pron. ; the neuter form is also spelled quicquam): anyone, anything. Potest the third person singular indicative form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. (For who is there who cannot make an insult if anyone can?)

Quid is the neuter accusative singular form of quis/quis/quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Tē is the ablative form of tū: you. Aliī is the masculine nominative plural form of alius/alia/aliud (1/2, irreg.): other. Loquantur is the third person plural subjunctive form of loquor, loquī, locūtus sum (3, deponent): to speak, say, tell, talk (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). (What others may say about you. . .)

Ipsī is the masculine nominative plural form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (pron. or adj.): himself/herself/themselves/etc. ; in person; the very, the actual. Videant is the third person plural subjunctive form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see; look to, consider; take care (subjunctive because it’s jussive). (Let them themselves see/take care. . .)

Sed (conj.): but. Loquentur is the third person plural future form of loquor, loquī, locūtus sum (3, deponent): to speak, say, tell, talk. Tamen (adv.) nevertheless, yet, still, all the same. (. . . but they will talk all the same.)

Sermō, sermōnis (3m): conversation, talk. Autem (particle): but, however; and, moreover. Omnis /omnis/omne (3): every; all. Ille /illa/illud (adj.): that. (All that talk, however. . .) Et (conj.): and (et. . . nec = both. . . not). Quae is the neuter accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Angustiīs is the ablative plural form of angustia, angustiae (1f): narrowness; narrow part, strait; difficult situation, hardship. Cingitur is the third person singular passive form of cingō, cingere, cīnxī, cīnctum (3): to surround, encompass; enclose. Iīs (also eīs) is the m/f/n ablative plural form of is/ea/id (adj.): this, that. Regiōnum is the genitive plural form of regiō, regiōnis (3f): line, direction; boundary; region. Quās is the feminine accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what (the antecedent is angustiīs iīs; forms of is/ea/id and of quī/quae/quod are often correlated—that is the case with iīs and quās here). Vidēs is the second person singular form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. Neque/ nec (conj.): nor. Umquam (adv.): ever, at any time. Dē (prep.): from, down from; about, concerning (takes the ablative). Ūllō is the m/n (here m) ablative singular form of ūllus/ūlla/ūllum (1/2, irreg.): any; (m. sg. used substantively) anyone. Perennis /perennis/perenne (3): everlasting, perpetual; constant; long-lasting. Fuit is the third person singular perfect form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. (. . . both is enclosed by those straits of regions which you see and has not ever been long-lasting about anyone. . .)

Et (conj.): and. Obruitur is the third person singular passive form of obruō, obruere, obruī, obrutum (3): to overwhelm; bury. Hominum is the genitive plural form of homō, hominis (3m): person, human, man. Interitū is the ablative singular form of interitus, interitūs (4m): death; extinction; dissolution. (. . . and is buried by the death of men. . .)

Et (conj.): and. Oblīviōne is the ablative singular form of oblīviō, oblīviōnis (3f): forgetfulness; oblivion. Posteritās, posteritātis (3f): future time; posterity. Extinguitur is the third person singular passive form of extinguō, extinguere, extīnxī, extīnctum (3—also exstinguō): to extinguish; kill. (. . . and is extinguished by the forgetfulness of posterity.)

Et (conj.): and. Quis/quis/ quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Est: is. Ille/illa/ illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Quī/quae/ quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Contumēlia, contumēliae (1f): insult, abuse; humiliation, injury. Dīcitur is the third person singular passive form of dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictum (3): to say; call. (And what is that which is called an insult?)

In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into, against, about. Caput, capitis (3n): head. Meī is the m/n genitive singular form of meus/mea/meum (1/2): my, mine. Lēvitātem is the accusative singular form of lēvitās, lēvitātis (3f): smoothness (not to be confused with levitās, levitātis (3f): lightness; levity; fickleness—differentiated by the length of the first e). Iocātus est is the third person masculine singular perfect form of iocor, iocārī, iocātus sum (1, deponent): to joke, jest. Et (conj.): and. Oculōrum is the genitive plural form of oculus, oculī (2m): eye. Valītūdinem is the accusative singular form of valītūdō, valītūdinis (3f—also valētūdō): state of health; good health; sickness, weakness. Crūrum is the genitive plural form of crūs, crūris (3n): leg. Gracilitātem is the accusative singular form of gracilitās, gracilitātis (3f): thinness, meagerness; plainness, simplicity (in speech or writing). Statūram is the accusative singular form of statūra, statūrae (1f): stature, height. (He has joked about the smoothness of my head, and about the weakness of (my) eyes, and about the thinness of (my) legs, and about (my) height.)

Quī/ quae /quod (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Contumēlia, contumēliae (1f): insult, abuse; humiliation, injury. Est: is it. Quī/quae/ quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Appāret is the third person singular form of appāreō, appārēre, appāruī, appāritum (2): to be visible; appear; be evident or clear. Audiō, audīre, audīvī/audiī, audītum (4): to hear. (What insult is it to hear what is evident?)

Illud is the neuter accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it; the former (here this pronoun anticipates the accusative-and-infinitive clause that follows). Potius (adv.): rather, instead. Cōgitābis is the second person singular future form of cōgitō, cōgitāre, cōgitāvī, cōgitātum (1): to think (about), consider, reflect (upon). (You will rather reflect on that. . .)

Nōn: not. Esse: to be. Īrāscendum is the gerundive of īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum (3, deponent): to be or become angry (takes a dative object; the gerundive can only be neuter and impersonal because the verb is intransitive). Esse īrāscendum is the impersonal passive periphrastic: that you/one must (not) be angry. Errōribus is the dative plural form of error, errōris (3m): wandering; error, mistake, delusion. (. . . (namely) that one must not be angry at mistakes.)

Quis/quis/ quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Enim (particle): for, indeed, in fact. Sī (conj.): if. Quid sī = what if? Quis /qua/quid (indef. pron.): anyone, anything; someone, something. Īrāscātur is the third person singular subjunctive form of īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum (3, deponent): to be or become angry (subjunctive because it describes a potential). In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Tenebrīs is the ablative form of tenebrae, tenebrārum (1f, plural only): darkness. Parum (adv.): (too) little, not enough. Vestīgia is the accusative plural form of vestīgium, vestīgiī (2n): footstep, step. Certa is the neuter accusative plural form of certus/certa/certum (1/2): certain, settled, sure, unerring. Pōnentibus is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of pōnēns, pōnentis (3), the present active participle (placing, putting) of pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positum (3): to place, put, set up. (For what if someone were to be angry with those not placing sure enough footsteps in the dark?)

Quid, sī quis: what if someone (see above). Surdīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of surdus/surda/surdum (1/2): deaf. Imperia is the accusative plural form of imperium, imperiī (2n): power, authority; empire; order, command. Nōn: not. Exaudientibus is the m/f/n dative plural form of exaudiēns, exaudientis (3), the present active participle (hearing) of exaudiō, exaudīre, exaudīvī/exaudiī, exaudītum (4): to hear, listen (to); comply with. (What if someone (were to get angry) with the deaf not hearing orders?) Quid, sī: what if (see above). Puerīs is the dative plural form of puer, puerī (2m): boy; child. Quod (conj.): that; the fact that; in that; because. Neglēctō is the m/n ablative singular form of neglēctus/neglēcta/neglēctum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (ignored, neglected) of neglegō, neglegere, neglēxī, neglēctum (3): to ignore, neglect. Dispectū is the ablative singular form of dispectus, dispectūs (4m): consideration, regard. Officiōrum is the genitive plural form of officium, officiī (2n): duty, office (neglēctō dispectū officiōrum is an ablative absolute). (What if (someone were to be angry) with children because, consideration of duties having been neglected. . .)

Ad (prep.): to, toward (takes the accusative). Lūsūs is the accusative plural form of lūsus, lūsūs (4m): play, sport, game. Et (conj.): and. Ineptōs is the masculine accusative plural form of ineptus/inepta/ineptum (1/2): foolish, silly. Aequālium is the genitive plural form of aequālis, aequālis (3m/f): a person of the same age as another; a contemporary; an equal (a substantive use of aequālis/aequālis/aequāle (3): equal; of the same age; contemporary). Iocōs is the accusative plural form of iocus, iocī (2m): joke, jest. Spectent is the third person plural subjunctive form of spectō, spectāre, spectāvī, spectātum (1): to watch, look at; aim at; consider (subjunctive because it’s part of the potential situation that started being described at sī quis īrāscātur). (. . . they looked to the games and silly jokes of (their) equals in age?)

Quid, sī: what if (see above). Illīs is the m/f/n dative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it (those/them). Īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum (3, deponent): to be or become angry. Velīs is the second person singular subjunctive form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish; choose (subjunctive because it describes a potential situation). Quī is the masculine nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Quod (conj.): that; that fact that; in that; because. Aegrōtant is the third person plural form of aegrōtō, aegrōtāre, aegrōtāvī, aegrōtātum (1): to be sick. Senēscunt is the third person plural form of senēscō, senēscere, senuī, — (3): to grow old, become aged. Fatīgantur is the third person plural passive form of fatīgō, fatīgāre, fatīgāvī, fatīgātum (1): to tire, weary, fatigue. (What if you chose to be angry with them who, because they are sick, (because) they are old, are fatigued?)

Inter (prep.): among; between; during (takes the accusative). Cētera is the neuter accusative plural form of cēterus/cētera/cēterum (1/2): the rest of, (all) the others. Mortālitās, mortālitātis (3f): mortality; mankind. Incommoda is the accusative plural form of incommodum, incommodī (2n): detriment, disadvantage; trouble, misfortune; inconvenience, discomfort (a substantive use of incommodus/incommoda/incommodum (1/2): inconvenient, troublesome, disagreeable). Et (adv.): also; even. Hic/haec/ hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Est: is. (Among the other misfortunates of mortality also is this. . .)

Cālīgō, cālīginis (3f): fog; darkness. Mentium is the genitive plural form of mēns, mentis (3f): mind. Nec (conj.): and not, neither, nor. Tantum (adv.): so much; only. Necessitās, necessitātis (3f): necessity; compulsion. Errandī is the genitive gerund (of erring) of errō, errāre, errāvī, erratum (1): to wander; err, be wrong. Sed (conj.): but. Errōrum is the genitive plural form of error, errōris (3m): wandering; error. Amor, amōris (3m): love. (A darkness of minds, and not only a necessity of erring but a love of errors.)

Nē (conj.): lest, so that not. Singulīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of singulus/singula/singulum (1/2): single, individual; (in pl.) one each, one at a time, each individually (used substantively: individual people, people taken individually). Īrāscāris is the second person singular subjunctive form of īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum (3, deponent): to be or become angry (takes a dative object; subjunctive because it’s in a purpose clause). (So that you be not angry with individual people. . .)

Ūniversīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of ūniversus/ūniversa/ūniversum (1/2): all together, all collectively (used substantively: all people collectively). Ignōscendus/ignōscenda/ ignōscendum (1/2) is the gerundive (to be forgiven, pardoned) of ignōscō, ignōscere, ignōvī, ignōtum (3): to forgive, pardon (the person forgiven goes in the dative). Est: it (ignōscendum est is the impersonal passive periphrastic: one/you must pardon). #it is (. . . you must pardon all people collectively. . .)

Generī is the dative singular form of genus, generis (3n): kind, type; race. Hūmānō is the m/n dative singular form of hūmānus/hūmāna/hūmānum (1/2): human. Venia, veniae (1f): indulgence; pardon: permission. Tribuendus/ tribuenda /tribuendum (1/2) is the gerundive (to be granted, bestowed) of tribuō, tribuere, tribuī, tribūtum (3): to grant Est: is (tribuenda est is the passive periphrastic again, but this time not impersonal). (. . . indulgence is to be granted—you must grant indulgence—to the human race.)

In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into, against, onto—or simply on with motion implied. Singulōs is the masculine accusative plural form of singulus/singula/singulum (1/2): single, separate, individual; (in pl.) one each, one by one, one at a time. Sevēritās, sevēritātis (3f): severity; seriousness. Imperātor, imperātōris (3m): commander, general; emperor. Dēstringitur is the third person singular passive form of dēstringō, dēstringere, dēstrīnxī, dēstrictum (3): to strip off; unsheathe. (The severity of a general is unsheathed on individuals. . .)

At (conj.): but. Necessārius/ necessāria /necessārium (1/2): unavoidable, inevitable, necessary. Venia, veniae (1f): pardon. Est: is. Ubi (rel. adv.): where; when. Tōtus /tōta/tōtum (1/2, irreg.): whole, total, entire. Dēseruit is the third person singular perfect form of dēserō, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertum (3): to desert, abandon. Exercitus, exercitūs (4m): army. (. . . but pardon is inevitable when the whole army has deserted.)

Quis/quis/ quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? Tollit is the third person singular form of tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātum (3): to lift; remove, take away; destroy. Īram is the accusative singular form of īra, īrae (1f): anger. Sapiēns, sapientis (3m): wise man, sage. (What removes the wise man’s anger?)

Turba, turbae (1f): crowd, multitude. Peccantium is the m/f/n (here m) genitive plural form of peccāns, peccantis (3), the present active participle (sinning, wrongdoing, offending) of peccō, peccāre, peccāvī, peccātum (1): to sin, do wrong, commit a fault. (The crowd of the offending.) Intellegit is the third person singular form of intellegō, intellegere, intellēxī, intellēctum (3): to understand. Quam (interrog. adv.): how (much)? to what degree? Et (conj.): and (et. . . et = both. . . and). Inīquus/inīqua/ inīquum (1/2): unjust, unfair; unequal, uneven. Sit is the third person singular subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because this is an indirect question). Et (conj.): and. Perīculōsus/perīculōsa/ perīculōsum (1/2): dangerous, perilous. Īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum (3, deponent): to be or become angry. Pūblicō is the m/n dative singular form of pūblicus/pūblica/pūblicum (1/2): public; belonging to the people; general. Vitiō is the dative singular form of vitium, vitiī (2n): vice, fault. (He understands both how unjust it is and (how) dangerous to be angry with a general vice.)