Chapter 8: Valuation

Praesēns, praesentis (3, adj.): present. Tempus, temporis (3n): time. Brevissimus/brevissima/ brevissimum (1/2): very short/shortest, very/most brief—the superlative form of brevis/brevis/breve (3): short, brief. Est: is. (Present time is very short. . .)

Adeō (adv.): so much, to such an extent; it often triggers a result clause, as it does here. Quidem (particle): indeed, certainly, in fact. Ut (conj.): that. Quibusdam: to some (people)—the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of quīdam/quaedam/quiddam (pron.): someone, something. Nūllus/nūlla/ nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, not any, none, non-existent. Videātur is the third person singular passive subjunctive form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see; (in the passive) seem (subjunctive because it’s in a result clause). (. . . so much indeed that to some people it seems none/non-existent.)

In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Cursū is the ablative singular form of cursus, cursūs (4m): course, passage, motion; race. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Semper (adv.): always. Est: it is. (For it is always in motion. . .)

Fluit is the third person singular form of fluō, fluere, flūxī, flūxum (3): to flow, stream. Et (conj.): and. Praecipitātur is the third person singular passive form of praecipitō, praecipitāre, praecipitāvī, praecipitātum (1): to cast down, throw, rush. (. . . it flows and is rushed down.)

Ante (adv.): before, sooner, earlier, previously. Dēsinit is the third person singular form of dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī/dēsīvī, dēsitum (3): to leave off, stop, end, cease. Esse: to be. Quam (rel. adv.): than; ante. . . quam, also written as antequam, = earlier/sooner. . . than; i.e., before (as a conjunction). Venit is the third person singular form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come. (It ceases to be sooner than it comes.)

Ferae is the nominative plural form of fera, ferae (1f): wild beast. Perīcula is the accusative plural form of perīculum, perīculī (2n): danger. Quae is the neuter accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Vident is the third person plural form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. Fugiunt is the third person plural form of fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus (3, –iō): to flee, run away. (Beasts flee the dangers that they see.)

Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Effūgēre (variant of effūgērunt) is the third person plural perfect form of effugiō, effugere, effūgī, — (3, –iō): to escape. Sēcūrae is the feminine nominative plural form of sēcūrus/sēcūra/sēcūrum (1/2): carefree, unconcerned, untroubled, fearless, serene. Sunt: they are. (When they have escaped, they are untroubled.)

Nōs: we. Et (conj.): and (et. . . et = both. . . and). Ventūrō is the m/n ablative singular form of ventūrus/ventūra/ventūrum (1/2), the future active participle (about to come, going to come) of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come (the neuter form is used substantively to mean the future). Torquēmur is the first person plural passive form of torqueō, torquēre, torsī, tortum (2): to torment. Et (conj.): and. Praeteritō is the m/n ablative singular form of praeteritus/praeterita/praeteritum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (passed by) of praetereō, praeterīre, praeteriī/praeterīvī, praeteritum (irreg.): to pass by (neuter used substantively to mean the past). (We are tormented by both the to-come and the passed-by—by both the future and the past.)

Multa is the neuter nominative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Bona is the nominative plural form of bonum, bonī (2n): a good thing, a good; (in pl.) possessions. Nostra is the neuter nominative plural form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Nōbīs is the dative form of nōs: we, us (to us). Nocent is the third person plural form of noceō, nocēre, nocuī, nocitum (2): to hurt, harm, injure; it takes a dative object. (Many (of) our goods injure us.) (Note the staccato rhythm and alliteration of the sentence, underscoring the paradox in the substance.)

Timor, timōris (3m): fear, dread. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Tormentum is the accusative singular form of tormentum, tormentī (2n): torment, torture, pain. Memoria, memoriae (1f): memory. Redūcit is the third person singular form of redūcō, redūcere, redūxī, reductum (3): to bring back; recall. Prōvidentia, prōvidentiae (1f): foresight; precaution. Anticipat is the third person singular form of anticipō, anticipāre, anticipāvī, anticipātum (1): to take before; anticipate. (For memory recalls the torment of fear, foresight anticipates (it).)

Nēmō, nēminis (3m/f): no one. Tantum (adv.): so much; only. Praesentibus is the m/f/n ablative plural form of praesēns, praesentis (3, adj.): present (the neuter plural is used substantively to mean present things or circumstances—the present). Miser /misera/miserum (1/2): wretched. Est: is. (No one is wretched only by means of present things/circumstances.)

Nihil (indeclinable neuter noun): nothing. Est: is. Miserior/miserior/ miserius (3): more wretched, more miserable—the comparative form of miser/misera/miserum (1/2): wretched, miserable. Dubitātiōne is the ablative singular form of dubitātiō, dubitātiōnis (3f): doubt, perplexity. Venientium is the m/f/n (here n) genitive plural form of veniēns, venientis (3), the present active participle (coming) of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come. Quōrsus (interrog. adv.): to what place? to what end? to what result or situation, etc. ? Ēvādant is the third person plural subjunctive form of ēvādō, ēvādere, ēvāsī, ēvāsum (3): to escape; come to pass, turn out (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). (Nothing is more wretched than doubt of—i.e., about—coming things, to what end they will turn out.)

Quantus/quanta/ quantum (1/2, interrog. adj.): how great? how much? Sit is the third person singular subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Ille/illa/ illud (pron.): that; he, she, it; the former. Quī/quae/ quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Restat is the third person singular form of restō, restāre, restitī, — (1): to remain. Aut (conj.): or. Quālis/quālis/ quāle (3, interrog. adj.): of what kind? (. . . (regarding) how much is that which remains or of what kind. . .)

Sollicitus/ sollicita /sollicitum (1/2): agitated, troubled, anxious. Mēns, mentis (3f): mind; intention. Inexplicābilī is the m/f/n ablative singular form of inexplicābilis/inexplicābilis/inexplicābile (3): inextricable; inexplicable. Formīdine is the ablative singular form of formīdō, formīdinis (3f): fear, dread. Agitātur is the third person singular passive form of agitō, agitāre, agitāvī, agitātum (1): to shake, agitate, disturb; torment; busy oneself with; have in mind, ponder, consider. (. . . the troubled mind is tormented by inextricable fear.)

Quō is the m/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (interrog. adj.): which. . . ? what. . . ? Modō is the ablative singular form of modus, modī (2m): measure; bound, limit; manner, way, method (quō modō = in what way? how? by what means?) Effugiēmus is the first person plural future form of effugiō, effugere, effūgī, — (3, –iō): to escape. Hanc is the feminine accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Volūtātiōnem is the accusative singular form of volūtātiō, volūtātiōnis (3f): wallowing; disquiet. (In what way will we escape this disquiet?)

Ūnō is the m/n ablative singular form of ūnus/ūna/ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one; alone; only. Sī (conj.): if. Vīta, vītae (1f): life. Noster/ nostra /nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Nōn: not. Prōminēbit is the third person singular future form of prōmineō, prōminēre, prōminuī, — (2): to project, stand out; reach out, extend. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Sē: itself—the accusative form of the reflexive pronoun. Colligitur is the third person singular passive form of colligō, colligere, collēgī, collēctum (3): to gather, draw together. (In one (way): if our life does not project, if it is gathered into itself.)

Ille /illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she it. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Ex /ē (prep.): from, out of (takes the ablative). Futūrō is the m/n ablative singular form of futūrus/futūra/futūrum (1/2), the future active participle (about to be) of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (used substantively to mean the future —it’s the ultimate source of the English word future). Suspenditur is the third person singular passive form of suspendō, suspendere, suspendī, suspēnsum (3): to suspend, hang; (in the passive) be made to depend. Cui is the m/f/n dative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what (for whom). Inritus/inrita/ inritum (1/2—also irritus). invalid; useless, to no purpose. Est: is. Praesēns, praesentis (3, adj.): present (used substantively: the present). (For that (man) is suspended from the future for whom the present is useless.)

Recognōsce is the singular imperative form of recognōscō, recognōscere, recognōvī, recognitum (3): to examine, review, look over; recollect, recall to mind. Singulōs is the masculine accusative plural form of singulus/singula/singulum (1/2): single, separate, individual; (in pl.) one each, one by one, one at a time, each individually (used substantively: men taken individually). Cōnsīderā is the singular imperative form of cōnsīderō, cōnsīderāre, cōnsīderāvī, cōnsīderātum (1): to examine, consider. Ūniversōs is the masculine accusative plural form of ūniversus/ūniversa/ūniversum (1/2): all together (used substantively: all men together). (Look over individuals/men individually, consider all men together.)

Nūllīus is the m/f/n genitive singular form of nūllus/nūlla/nūllum (1/2, irreg.): no, none, not any; (m. sg. used substantively) no one. Nōn: not. Vīta, vītae (1f): life. Spectat is the third person singular form of spectō, spectāre, spectāvī, spectātum (1): to watch, look at; aim at. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Crāstinum is the m/n accusative singular form of crāstinus/crāstina/crāstinum (1/2): of tomorrow (used substantively: tomorrow). (The life of no one does not look to tomorrow.)

Quis/quis/ quid (interrog. pron.): who? what? In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Hōc is the m/n (here n) ablative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it. Sit is the third person singular subjunctive form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be (subjunctive because it’s in an indirect question). Malum, malī (2n): a bad thing; evil; trouble, misfortune. Quaeris is the second person singular form of quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī/quaesiī, quaesītum (3): to ask; seek. Īnfīnītus/īnfīnīta/ īnfīnītum (1/2): endless, infinite. (You ask what of evil is in this? (An) endless (amount).)

Nōn: not. Enim (particle): for, indeed. Vīvunt is the third person plural form of vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live. Sed (conj.): but. Vīctūrī is the masculine nominative plural form of vīctūrus/vīctūra/vīctūrum (1/2), the future active participle (about to live) of vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live. Sunt: they are. (For they are not living, but are about to live.)

Circumcīdenda is the neuter nominative plural form of circumcīdendus/circumcīdenda/circumcīdendum (1/2), the gerundive (to be cut off, gotten rid of, diminished) of circumcīdō, circumcīdere, circumcīdī, circumcīsum (3): to cur round, clip; whittle down, diminish; cut off, remove. Sunt is the third-person plural present form of sum, esse, fuī, futūrum (irg.): to be (circumcīdenda. . . sunt is the passive periphrastic: must be gotten rid of). Ergō (particle): therefore, then. Duo/duae/ duo (irreg. , plural only): two. (Therefore two things are to be gotten rid of. . .)

Et (conj.): and (et. . . et = both. . . and). Futūrī is the m/n genitive singular form of futūrus/futūra/futūrum (1/2), the future active participle (about to be) of sum, esse, fuī, futūrus (irreg.): to be. Timor, timōris (3m): fear, dread. Vetus, veteris (3, adj.): old; former, previous. Et (conj.): and. Incommodum, incommodī (2n): detriment, disadvantage; trouble, misfortune; inconvenience, discomfort. Memoria, memoriae (1f): memory. (. . . both fear of future and memory of previous misfortune.)

Hic/haec/ hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it; the latter. Ad (prep.): to (takes the accusative). Mē is the accusative form of ego: I (me). Iam (adv.): already; now; soon. Nōn: not (iam nōn = no longer, not anymore). Pertinet is the third person singular form of pertineō, pertinēre, pertinuī, — (2): to reach; matter, pertain, apply, affect; belong. Ille/illa/ illud (pron.): that; he, she, it; the former. Nōndum (adv.): not yet. (The latter does not pertain to me anymore, the former not yet.)

Nōn: not. Accipimus is the first person plural form of accipiō, accipere, accēpī, acceptum (3, –iō): to receive, accept, take. Brevem is the m/f accusative singular form of brevis/brevis/breve (3): short, narrow, brief, shallow. Vītam is the accusative singular form of vīta, vītae (1f): life. Sed (conj.): but. Facimus is the first person plural form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. (We do not receive a short life, but we make (it so). . .)

Nec (conj.): and not, neither, nor. Inopēs is the m/f nominative plural form of inops, inopis (3, adj.): destitute, needy. Eius is the m/f/n genitive singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that (of it). Sed (conj.): but. Prōdigī is the masculine nominative plural form of prōdigus/prōdiga/prōdigum (1/2): wasteful, prodigal. Sumus: we are. (. . . and we are not destitute of it but wasteful.)

Sīcut (conj.): as, just as, like. Amplae is the feminine nominative plural form of amplus/ampla/amplum (1/2): large, ample, great. Et (conj.): and. Rēgiae is the feminine nominative plural form of rēgius/rēgia/rēgium (1/2): kingly; princely, splendid. Opēs is the nominative plural form of ops, opis (3f): power, ability; aid, assistance; (in plural) wealth, riches. (Just as ample and kingly riches. . .)

Ubi (rel. adv.) where; when. Ad (prep.): to (takes the accusative). Malum is the m/n accusative singular form of malus/mala/malum (1/2): bad; evil. Dominum is the accusative singular form of dominus, dominī (2m): lord, master; possessor, owner. Pervēnērunt is the third person plural perfect form of perveniō, pervenīre, pervēnī, perventum (4): to come (all the way to), arrive. Mōmentō is the ablative singular of mōmentum, mōmentī (2n): movement, motion; moment. Dissipantur is the third person plural passive form of dissipō, dissipāre, dissipāvī, dissipātum (1): to disperse, scatter, dissipate; squander. (. . . when they have come to a bad owner, are dissipated in a moment. . .)

At (conj.): but, yet. Quamvīs (rel. adv.): however (much); though. Modicae is the feminine nominative plural form of modicus/modica/modicum (1/2): moderate; moderate-sized; modest, temperate. Sī (conj.): if. Bonō is the m/n dative singular form of bonus/bona/bonum (1/2): good. Custōdī is the dative singular form of custōs, custōdis (3m/f): protector, custodian, keeper. Trāditae sunt is the third person feminine plural perfect passive form of trādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditum (3): to hand over, surrender, entrust. Ūsū is the ablative singular form of ūsus, ūsūs (4m): use; experience. Crēscunt is the third person plural form of crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētum (3): to grow. (. . . but, however modest, if they have been entrusted to a good keeper, they grow by use. . .)

Ita (adv.): so, thus. Aetās, aetātis (3f): lifetime, life span; an age. Noster/ nostra /nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Bene (adv.): well. Dispōnentī is the m/f/n (here m) dative singular form of dispōnēns, dispōnentis (3), the present active participle (disposing, arranging) of dispōnō, dispōnere, disposuī, dispositum (3): to dispose, arrange, set in order. Multum (adv.): very much. Patet is the third person singular form of pateō, patēre, patuī, — (2): to be open; stretch out. (. . . so our life span stretches out very much to one ordering (it) well.)

Nēmō, nēminis (3m/f): no one. Invenītur is the third person singular passive form of inveniō, invenīre, invēnī, inventum (4): to find. Quī /quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Pecūniam is the accusative singular form of pecūnia, pecūniae (1f): money. Suam: his (own)—the feminine accusative singular form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Dīvidō, dīvidere, dīvīsī, dīvīsum (3): to divide; share out, distribute. Velit is the third person singular subjunctive form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to wish, want (subjunctive because it’s in a relative clause of characteristic). (No one is found who wants to divide his own money.)

Vītam is the accusative singular form of vīta, vītae (1f): life. Ūnusquisque /ūnaquaeque/ūnumquidque (pron.): each one. Quam (interrog. adv.): how (much)? to what degree? Multīs is the m/f/n (here m) dative plural form of multus/multa/multum (1/2): much, many. Distribuit is the third person singular form of distribuō, distribuere, distribuī, distribūtum (3): to distribute; divide. (To how many each one distributes (his) life!)

Adstrictī is the masculine nominative plural form of adstrictus/adstricta/adstrictum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (restrained, tightened) of adstringō, adstringere, adstrīnxī, adstrictum (3—also astringō): to tie up, bind; restrain; tighten. Sunt: they are. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Continendō is the m/n ablative singular form of continendus/continenda/continendum, the gerundive (to be held together) of contineō, continēre, continuī, contentum (2): to hold together; keep; restrain; contain. Patrimōniō is the ablative singular form of patrimōnium, patrimōniī (2n): estate; assets inherited from one’s father. In continendō patrimōniō ≈ in keeping together their inherited property (literally “in inheritance to be contained”). This is a case of a noun-plus-gerundive phrase being used instead of a gerund with a direct object (see Chapters 41 and 42 of The Latin Tamer). It can’t be rendered literally into natural English. (They are restrained in holding together family property. . .)

Simul (adv.): at the same time; (used as a conjunction) as soon as. Ad (prep.): to (takes the accusative). Iactūram is the accusative singular form of iactūra, iactūrae (1f): the act of throwing overboard, jettison; the act of wasting or squandering, waste; loss. Tempus, temporis (3n): time. Ventum est is the third person neuter singular perfect passive form of veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventum (4): to come; as veniō is an intransitive verb (it doesn’t take a direct object), the passive form is used impersonally— one has come or it (the situation) has come. (. . . as soon as it has come to the wasting of time. . .)

Profūsissimī is the masculine nominative plural form of profūsissimus/profūsissima/profūsissimum (1/2): very/most excessive, very/most extravagant. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Eō is the m/n ablative singular form of is/ea/id (pron.): he, she, it; this, that. Cuius is the m/f/n genitive singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ūnīus is the m/f/n genitive singular form of ūnus/ūna/ūnum (1/2, irreg.): one; alone; only, sole, single. Honestus/ honesta /honestum (1/2): honorable, noble. Avāritia, avāritiae (1f): avarice, greed; miserliness. Est: is. (. . . (they are) most extravagant in that (thing) of which alone greed is honorable.)

Nēmō, nēminis (3m/f): no one. Aestimat is the third person singular form of aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate, value, assess, reckon. Tempus is the accusative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. (No one values time.)

Ūtuntur is the third person plural form of ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum (3, deponent): to use, manage, enjoy; it takes an ablative object. Illō is the m/n ablative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she it. Laxius (adv.): more loosely, rather loosely—the comparative form of laxē (adv.): loosely. Quasi (conj.): as if. Grātuītō is the m/n ablative singular form of grātuītus/grātuīta/grātuītum (1/2): free, costing nothing. (They use it rather loosely as if (it were) free.)

At (conj.): but. Eōsdem is the masculine accusative plural form of īdem/eadem/idem (pron.): the same. Aegrōs is the accusative plural form of aeger/aegra/aegrum (1/2): sick. Vidē is the singular imperative form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. (But see the same ones sick. . .)

Sī (conj.): if. Mors, mortis (3f): death. Perīculum, perīculī (2n): danger, risk; attempt, experiment. Propius (adv.): nearer, rather near—the comparative form of prope (adv.): near. Admōtum est is the third person neuter singular perfect passive form of admoveō, admovēre, admōvī, admōtum (2): to move (something) near, bring into contact. (. . . if the danger of death has been brought nearer. . .)

Medicōrum is the genitive plural form of medicus, medicī (2m): doctor. Genua is the accusative plural form of genū, genūs (4n): knee. Tangentēs is the m/n accusative plural form of tangēns, tangentis (3), the present active participle (grasping) of tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctum (3): to touch, grasp (grasping the knees was a gesture of supplication among the ancient Greeks and Romans). (. . . grasping the knees of doctors. . .)

Sī (conj.): if. Metuunt is the third person plural form of metuō, metuere, metuī, metūtum (3): to fear. Capitāle is the neuter accusative singular form of capitālis/capitālis/capitāle (3): capital; deadly, mortal. Supplicium is the accusative singular form of supplicium, suppliciī (2n): punishment; torment, torture. (. . . if they fear capital punishment. . .)

Omnia is the neuter accusative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Sua: their (own)—the neuter accusative plural form of suus/sua/suum (1/2) (the neuter plural is used substantively to mean one’s “things” or possessions). Ut (conj.): so that. Vīvant is the third person plural subjunctive form of vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctum (3): to live (subjunctive because it’s in a purpose clause). Parātōs is the masculine accusative plural form of parātus/parāta/parātum (1/2): prepared, ready. Impendō, impendere, impendī, impēnsum (3): to spend, devote. (. . . prepared to spend all their things so that they may live.)

Mīror, mīrārī, mīrātus sum (1, deponent): to be surprised or astonished (at), wonder (at), marvel (at); admire. Soleō, solēre, solitus sum (2, semi-deponent): to be accustomed to, be in the habit of (doing something, expressed in the infinitive); the construction soleō + infinitive can often be rendered more naturally in English with phrases like I often do X or I usually do X. Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see. Aliquōs is the masculine accusative plural form of aliquis/aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, something; anyone, anything; a certain. Tempus is the accusative singular form of tempus, temporis (3n): time. Petentēs is the m/f accusative plural form of petēns, petentis (3), the present active participle (requesting) of petō, petere, petīvī/petiī, petītum (3): to direct one’s course to, make for; ask (for), request; seek, pursue, desire; attack. (I am accustomed to wonder(ing) when I see some people requesting time. . .)

Et (conj.): and. Eōs is the masculine accusative plural form of is/ea/id (pron.): this, that; he, she, it. Quī is the masculine nominative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Rogantur is the third person plural passive form of rogō, rogāre, rogāvī, rogātum (1): to ask, request. Facillimōs is the masculine accusative plural form of facillimus/facillima/facillimum (1/2): very easy/easiest; very/most compliant—the superlative form of facilis/facilis/facile (3): easy; compliant. (. . . and those who are asked very compliant.)

Illud is the neuter accusative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it; the former. Uterque /utraque/utrumque (1/2, irreg.): each of two, either; sometimes best translated as both though the Latin word is singular. Spectat is the third person singular form of spectō, spectāre, spectāvī, spectātum (1): to watch, look at; aim at. (Either (of them) looks—both of them look—at that. . .)

Propter (prep.): because of, on account of (takes the accusative). Quod is the neuter accusative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Tempus, temporis (3n): time. Petītum est is the third person neuter singular perfect passive form of petō, petere, petīvī/petiī, petītum (3): to direct one’s course to, make for; ask (for), request; seek, pursue, desire; attack. (. . . on account of which time has been requested. . .)

Ipsum is the m/n accusative singular form of ipse/ipsa/ipsum (pron.): (he) himself, (she) herself, (it) itself, that very person or thing. Quidem (particle): indeed, certainly. Neuter /neutra/neutrum (1/2, irreg.): neither. (. . . (at) it—i.e., time—itself indeed, neither (of them looks).)

Quasi (conj.): as if. Nihil (indeclinable neuter noun): nothing. Petitur is the third person singular passive form of petō, petere, petīvī/petiī, petītum (3): to direct one’s course to, make for; ask (for), request; seek, pursue, desire; attack. Datur is the third person singular passive form of dō, dare, dedī, datum (1, irreg.): to give. (It is requested as if (it were) nothing, it is given as if (it were) nothing.)

Cum (conj.): when; since; while; although. Vīderis is the second person singular future perfect form of videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsum (2): to see (literally, when you will have seen. . . —but in English it is more naturally rendered as when you see). Itaque (adv.): and so, therefore, then. Praetextam is the accusative singular form of praetexta, praetextae (1f): a robe of office, a fancy kind of toga with a purple border (a substantive use of praetextus/praetexta/praetextum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (fringed) of praetexō, praetexere, praetexuī, praetextum (3): to fringe—the feminine form is used because the noun toga is implied). Saepe (adv.): often, frequently. Iam (adv.): already; now; soon. Sūmptam is the feminine accusative singular form of sūmptus/sūmpta/sūmptum (1/2), the perfect passive participle (having been taken up or put on) of sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptum (3): to take, take up; put on (referring to the toga praetexta) . (And so when you see a toga praetexta having been often put on already. . .)

Cum (conj.) when; since; while; although. Celebre is the neuter accusative singular form of celeber/celebris/celebre (3): crowded; frequent; famous, renowned. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Forō is the ablative singular form of forum, forī (2n): forum, marketplace. Nōmen is the accusative singular form of nōmen, nōminis (3n): name. (. . . when (you see) a name famous in the forum. . .)

Nē (adv.): not (in a command or wish). Invīderīs is the second person singular perfect subjunctive form of invideō, invidēre, invīdī, invīsum (2): to begrudge, envy, look maliciously at. Nē plus the perfect subjunctive (invīderīs) is a standard way to express a negative command in the second person (i.e., a command made to you). If the command were addressed in the third person (he should not, etc.), the present subjunctive would be used. (. . . do not envy.)

Ista is the neuter nominative plural form of iste/ista/istud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Vīta, vītae (1f): life. Damnō is the ablative singular form of damnum, damnī (2n): loss, damage. Parantur is the third person plural passive form of parō, parāre, parāvī, parātum (1): to prepare; provide; obtain, acquire; purchase, buy. (Those things are bought by loss of life.)

Hanc is the feminine accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (pron.): this; he, she, it (referring to freedom—lībertās, lībertātis (3f)—in the previous (unquoted) sentence). Sī (conj.): if. Magnō is the m/n ablative singular form of magnus/magna/magnum (1/2): great, large; important (neuter used substantively as an ablative of price; the same goes with parvō below). Aestimās is the second person singular form of aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate, value, rate, assess. (If you value this at (a) great (price). . .)

Omnia is the neuter nominative plural form of omnis/omnis/omne (3): all; every. Parvō is the m/n ablative singular form of parvus/parva/parvum (1/2): little, small; unimportant. Aestimanda is the neuter nominative plural form of aestimandus/aestimanda/aestimandum (1/2), the gerundive (to be valued) of aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate, value, rate, assess. Sunt: (they) are. Aestimanda sunt is a passive periphrastic: they must be valued. (. . . all things are to be valued at (a) small (price).)

Aliēna is the neuter accusative plural form of aliēnus/aliēna/aliēnum (1/2): of another, belonging to another; foreign, unfamiliar. Vitia is the accusative plural form of vitium, vitiī (2n): vice, fault. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Oculīs is the ablative plural form of oculus, oculī (2m): eye. Habēmus is the first person plural form of habeō, habēre, habuī, habitum (2): to have. (We have the vices of others in (our) eyes—i.e., in sight, before our eyes. . .)

Ab/ ā (prep.): from; by; sometimes idiomatically on (takes the ablative). Tergō is the ablative singular form of tergum, tergī (2n): back. Nostra is the neuter nominative plural form of noster/nostra/nostrum (1/2): our, ours. Sunt: (they) are. (. . . ours are on (our) back.)

Eō is the m/n ablative singular form of is/ea/id (adj.): this, that (modifying locō). Nōs: us, ourselves—the accusative form of nōs: we. Locō is the ablative singular form of locus, locī (2m): place. Cōnstituāmus is the first person plural subjunctive form of cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitūtum (3): to put, place; set up, establish; decide (subjunctive because it’s hortatory). (Let us put ourselves in that/the place. . .)

Quō is the m/n ablative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Ille /illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Est: is. Cui is the m/f/n dative singular form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what. Īrāscimur is the first person plural form of īrāscor, īrāscī, īrātus sum (3, deponent): to be or become angry; the object of the anger goes in the dative case—thus cui. (. . . in which he is with whom we are angry.)

Nunc (adv.): now; as it is. Facit is the third person singular form of faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Nōs is the accusative form of nōs: we (us). Īrācundōs is the masculine accusative plural form of īrācundus/īrācunda/īrācundum (1/2): prone to anger, irritable. Inīquus/ inīqua /inīquum (1/2): unjust; unequal. Nostrī is the genitive form (of us, of ourselves) of nōs: we (us). Aestimātiō, aestimātiōnis (3f): valuation, appraisal, estimation of worth. (As it is, an unjust appraisal of us makes us prone to anger. . .)

Et (conj.): and. Quae is the neuter accusative plural form of quī/quae/quod (rel. pron.): who, which, that, what (what things, the things that). Faciō, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Vellēmus is the first person plural imperfect subjunctive form of volō, velle, voluī, — (irreg.): to want, wish (imperfect subjunctive because it’s present contrary to fact). Patior, patī, passus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to undergo, suffer, endure; allow. Nōlumus is the first person plural form of nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, — (irreg.): to be unwilling, refuse, not want. (. . . and what things we would want to do (if we were in that person’s place), we do not want to endure.)

Quārē (interrog. adv.): why? Vitia is the accusative plural form of vitium, vitiī (2n): fault, vice. Sua: his (own)—the neuter accusative plural form of suus/sua/suum (1/2). Nēmō, nēminis (3m/f): no one. Cōnfitētur is the third person singular form of cōnfiteor, cōnfitērī, cōnfessus sum (2, deponent): to confess. (Why does no one confess his own faults?)

Quia (conj.): because, for. Etiamnunc (adv.): still, yet. In (prep.): (with abl.) in, on; (with acc.) into. Illīs is the m/f/n ablative plural form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it (them). Est: he is. (Because he is still in them.)

Somnium is the accusative singular form of somnium, somniī (2n): dream. Nārrō, nārrāre, nārrāvī, nārrātum (1): to narrate, report, tell. Vigilāns, vigilantis (3) is the present active participle of vigilō, vigilāre, vigilāvī, vigilātum (1): to be awake; be alert (the genitive of characteristic). Est: is. (To tell a dream is (the province) of the wakeful man. . .)

Et (conj.): and. Vitia sua: one’s (own) vices (accusative; see above). Cōnfiteor, cōnfitērī, cōnfessus sum (2, deponent): to confess. Sānitās, sānitātis (3f): health; sanity, soundness of mind. Indicium, indiciī (2n): evidence, proof, sign. Est: is. (. . . and to confess one’s own faults is a sign of sanity.)

Ille /illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Iam (adv.): already, before; now; soon. Mihi is the dative form of ego: I. Nocuit is the third person singular perfect form of noceō, nocēre, nocuī, nocitum (2): to injure, harm, hurt (takes a dative object). Ego: I. Illī is the m/f/n dative singular form of ille/illa/illud (pron.): that; he, she, it. Nōndum (adv.): not yet. (He/that man has already injured me, I (have) not yet (injured) him.)

Sed (conj.): but. Iam (adv.): already, before; now; soon. Aliquem is the masculine accusative singular form of aliquis/aliqua/aliquid (pron.): someone, something; anyone, anything. Fortasse (adv.): perhaps. Laesistī is the second person singular perfect form of laedō, laedere, laesī, laesum (3): to hurt, injure. Sed (conj.): but. Laedēs is the second person singular future form of laedō, laedere, laesī, laesum (3): to hurt, injure. (But perhaps you have injured someone (else) before; but you will injure (someone).)

Nōlī is the singular imperative form of nōlō, nōlle, nōluī, — (irreg.): to be unwilling, refuse, not want; it’s used with an infinitive to convey a negative command (do not—). Aestimō, aestimāre, aestimāvī, aestimātum (1): to estimate, value, appraise. Hanc is the feminine accusative singular form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Hōram is the accusative singular form of hōra, hōrae (1f): hour. Aut (conj.): or. Hunc is the masculine accusative singular form of form of hic/haec/hoc (adj.): this. Diem is the accusative singular form of diēs, diēī (5 m/f): day. (Do not appraise this hour or this day.)

Totum is the m/n accusative singular form of tōtus/tōta/tōtum (1/2, irreg.): whole, entire, total, all. Īnspice is the singular imperative form of īnspiciō, īnspicere, īnspexī, īnspectum (3, –iō): to look into, inspect. Mēns, mentis (3f): mind; intention. Tuae is the feminine genitive singular form of tuus/tua/tuum (1/2): your, yours. Habitum is the accusative singular form of habitus, habitūs (4m): state of being, condition; bearing, demeanor; style of dress; character, constitution. (Look into the whole character of your mind.)

Etiam (particle): still; even; also. Sī (conj.): if. Nihil (indeclinable neuter noun, here accusative): nothing. Malum, malī (2n): a bad thing; evil; trouble, misfortune. Fēcistī is the second person singular perfect form of facio, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. Potes is the second person singular form of possum, posse, potuī, — (irreg.): to be able, can. Facio, facere, fēcī, factum (3, –iō): to do; make. (Even if you have done nothing of evil, you are able to do (it).)

Et (conj.): and. Fidēs, fideī (5f): faith, trust, honesty, loyalty; belief. Ācerrimus /ācerrima/ācerrimum (1/2): sharpest, bitterest—the superlative form of ācer/ācris/ācre (3): sharp, bitter. Exāctor, exāctōris (3m): enforcer. Est: is. Perfidus /perfida/perfidum (1/2): faithless, dishonest, treacherous. (And the sharpest enforcer of faith is the faithless.)

Et (conj.): and. Mendācia is the accusative plural form of mendācium, mendāciī (2n): lie. Persequitur is the third person singular form of persequor, persequī, persecūtus sum (3, deponent): to pursue, hunt; seek to punish. Ipse /ipsa/ipsum (adj.): himself/herself/itself/oneself/etc. ; the very. Periūrus /periūra/periūrum (1/2): perjured. (. . . and the perjured himself seeks to punish lies. . .)

Et (conj.): and. Lītem is the accusative singular form of līs, lītis (3f): lawsuit, quarrel. Sibi: to/against himself— the dative form of the reflexive pronoun. Īnferrī is the passive infinitive form of īnferō, īnferre, intulī, illātum (3, irreg.): to carry into; bring forward, produce; bring against, inflict upon. Aegerrimē (adv.): with the greatest grief/displeasure. Calumniātor, calumniātōris (3n): false accuser; pettifogger, unscrupulous lawyer. Patitur is the third person singular form of patior, patī, passus sum (3, –ior, deponent): to undergo, suffer, endure, bear. (. . . and the unscrupulous lawyer suffers with the greatest grief a suit brought against himself.)